Abstract: A main burner 22, a pilot burner 25, and a lead-in pipe 29 supplying combustion exhaust to the pilot burner 25 are arranged in a combustion chamber R2. A flame arrester 27 with small holes 27 a is provided at a bottom plate 13. Furthermore, a primary thermocouple 26 detecting the flame state of the pilot burner 25 and a secondary thermocouple 28 detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber R2 are connected in series but with opposite polarities. When the flame arrester 27 clogs up with fine particles, the pilot burner 25, which sucks in combustion exhaust, performs abnormal combustion before the main burner 22, which is detected by the primary thermocouple 26 and the secondary thermocouple 28, whereupon the combustion with the main burner 22 is stopped. Thus, incomplete combustion due to blocking of the air supply path can be prevented.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that optimize the combustion process in various reactors, furnaces, and internal combustion engines. Video cameras are used to evaluate the combustion flame grade. Depending on the desired form, standard or special video devices, or beam scanning devices, are used to image the combustion flame and by-products. The video device generates and outputs image signals during various phases of, and at various locations in, the combustion process. Other forms of sensors monitor and generate data signals defining selected parameters of the combustion process, such as air flow, fuel flow, turbulence, exhaust and inlet valve openings, etc. In a preferred form, a neural networks initially processes the image data and characterizes the combustion flame. A fuzzy logic controller and associated fuzzy logic rule base analyzes the image data from the neural network, along with other sensor information.

Abstract: A burner system with staged fuel injection includes a burner with a swirl generator (1) for a combustion air stream and device(s) for introducing fuel into the combustion air stream, wherein the fuel introducing devices include at least two separate fuel supply elements (4a, 4b) with groups of fuel outlet openings for corresponding premix fuel amounts, wherein a first group is arranged downstream from a second group. The burner system furthermore includes measurement value probes (8, 9) for measuring the pulsations and emissions of the combustion, as well as a control device (10) that controls the two stages (4a, 4b) for introducing fuel dependent on the measured measuring values. The burner system permits optimized operation of the system even under changing operating and environmental conditions.

Abstract: A burner that utilizes venturi action for induction of combustion air. The action of the venturi draws in surrounding air present around the nozzle to supply the necessary combustion air, provide forward moment to the burning gases to distribute their heat, and control the location of the heat release. The burner can thus be used to accomplish fuel gas injection directly into the combustion chamber of an oxidizer, and does not require a separate gas train or suffer from the other various drawbacks typical of conventional fuel gas injection systems. A stable flame is generated, and efficient heat-up accomplished. No extra combustion air is necessary.

Abstract: An automated, computer-controlled landfill condensate injection system includes a pump that pumps condensate into a flare chamber at a pressure that is sufficiently high and through a nozzle that is configured to vaporize the condensate without requiring the use of high pressure air injected with the condensate. Secondary injection lines can also be provided that terminate in nozzles which are vertically staggered from each other along the chamber, to inject additional condensate into the flare and thus dispose of it at a higher rate depending on vaporization conditions. Computer-controlled valves can be provided in the lines for selectively opening and closing the lines.

Abstract: A programmable burner for gas stoves, which is constituted by a gas burner and a safety valve that includes a thermocouple, which is located in coincidence with an external edge of the burner. The safety valve is maintained open when the thermocouple is detecting the presence of a flame on the gas burner and is closed when the burner has been turned off. An electrode is placed near of the external periphery of the burner for igniting. A spark generation module is connected with the electrode for generating the sparks for igniting the burner. A spark interrupter is connected to the spark generation module, the spark interrupter being located over a burner knob that is connected to the safety valve, for activating or deactivating the spark generation of the spark generation module. Finally a programmable device is connected with the thermocouple and the security valve, for programming the ignition time of the burner in accordance with a preestablished operation time by user.

Abstract: The oxy-fuel burner comprises at least one fuel supply pipe (16) and at least one pipe (18) for supplying an oxygen-rich gas, the said outlets of the pipes being directed approximately in the same direction, the burner being designed to be mounted through a wall of a furnace with the pipes directed into the furnace. It carries at least one auxiliary member (50, 60) intended to act on the flame and the said auxiliary member (50, 60) is placed on the burner upstream of the zone where the fuel gas and the oxygen-rich gas meet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure in which an unburnt gas can be prevented from being diffused into a room while suppressing the generation of the unburnt gas during the extinction operation of a pot type oil burner. During the extinction operation, first of all, the supply of a fuel from fuel feeding means (35) to a pot (15) is stopped and conduction to an electric heater (31) is started. The rotation of each of a combustion fan (23) and a convection fan (11) is carried out continuously. While a second timer (67) counts a second time period, the convection fan (11) is rotated at a high speed. After the second time period is ended, the rotation of the convection fan (11) is switched from high speed rotation into low speed rotation. The low speed rotation is carried out continuously for a third time period counted by a third timer. After the third time period is ended, the rotation of the convection fan (11) is returned from the low speed rotation to the high speed rotation.

Abstract: Combustion variables are diagnosed using sensors to measure turbulence in the post-flame zone as well as in the flame envelope of a combustor. Output signals from the sensors are processed and a set of statistical functions are calculated which are correlated with specific combustion variables, such as the concentration of unburned carbon in fly ash. A special sensor mounting box provides reliable long-term operation in harsh combustor environment, without a supply of cooling or protective air flow.

Abstract: During start-up a regulating device monitors the quality of the air ratio control in respect of time in accordance with the invention in that it observes the difference of a signal and comparison signal.

Abstract: A draft safeguard apparatus for use in a multi-poised furnace having an inducer housing for receiving flue gases from a heat exchanger. The furnace flue pipe is attached to the inducer housing by an elbow that is rotatably connected to the inducer housing. An elongated sensor housing is mounted upon the elbow. The housing provides a flow channel so that the inlet section of the elbow communicates with the surrounding ambient. A limit switch is mounted in the housing to sense the temperature in the flow passing through the housing. When the furnace is operating normally, ambient air is drawn into the vent system through the sensor housing. If the vent system becomes restricted, the flow through the housing is reversed and the limit switch is opened when the reverse flow temperature exceeds a given limit.

Abstract: A method for controlling the combustion of burners in a batch-type combustion furnace, includes the steps of electrically linking a where the fuel gas control valves are electrically linking to corresponding air control valves for each of the burners in a batch-type combustion furnace. The method includes the steps of preliminarily calibrating the air-fuel ratio adjusted with zero and span adjustments between the fuel gas control valve and the corresponding air control valve so as to give a theoretical air-fuel ratio when same electric signals are given to the fuel gas control valve and the air control valve.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion plant having a number of burners includes controlling a composition of a fuel mixture of each burner with at least one setpoint that is determined with reference to dynamic characteristic quantities characterizing a combustion process, and determining the at least one setpoint in dependence on a contribution of each individual burner to a total proportion of a reaction product produced in the combustion process. The contribution of each burner to the total proportion of the reaction product is determined for each burner with reference to the dynamic characteristic quantities and static characteristic quantities characterizing a combustion plant. The method homogenizes the combustion process. The invention also includes an apparatus applying the method, including burners respectively controlled with the setpoint for a composition of a fuel mixture. A setpoint module determines the setpoint for each individual burner of the burners.

Abstract: A first object of the invention is to provide a control circuit (1) for gas burners with a fail-safe system. The circuit (1) includes a microcontroller (2) that acts on at least one valve (4), flame detector circuits (50) and tap opening detector switches (6). For each valve (4) the circuit (1) has a plurality of switches by means of which these valves are supplied with the voltage required to open them and keep them open. The microcontroller (2) governs said switches in accordance with the signals it receives from the circuits (5), from the switches (6), and from points of the actual circuit (1). The circuit (1) is safe against the failure of any of its components, including the microcontroller (2). A second object of the invention is also to provide a circuit (1) that has protection against a double failure.

Abstract: An ionic flame monitor. The flame monitor has a flame rod that produces an ionization current when the flame rod is immersed in a flame and excited by a voltage. The ionization current has a DC component and an AC component each dependent on the intensity of the flame, and a flicker frequency. The flame monitor also has a computing device that is responsive to signals representative of the flicker frequency, and the AC and DC components of the ionization current for determining the existence of the flame.

Abstract: The present invention describes a measuring device for a flame, in particular for use in a regulating device for a burner (13), comprising an ionization electrode (15) which is arranged in the flame region (14) of the burner (13) and to which an ac voltage is applied whereby a dc voltage component is superimposed in dependence on the ionization current.

Abstract: In a method for burning a liquid fuel in a combustion system (10) which comprises a combustion chamber (11) and at least one injection nozzle (13) through which liquid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (11) in the form of a fuel spray (16) and is burnt there with combustion air being added, disturbance-free operation in a simple manner is distinguished in that, in order to actively suppress hydrodynamic instabilities in the combustion chamber (11), the injected fuel spray (16) is modulated by having an electrical voltage applied to it during the injection process, governed by a selected time function.

Abstract: A novel method of combustion air control for multiple burner furnaces, whereas a pressure transducer is located in the air piping downstream of each zone air flow control device. The pressure transducer sends a feedback signal to a pressure control loop that is in a logical cascade from the furnace temperature control loop. The pressure control loop repositions the air flow control device to compensate for changes in both downstream and upstream conditions. Output from the temperature control loop is interpreted by the pressure control loop as a changing remote set-point value. In one embodiment, the system is ideally suited to compensate for the pressure drop changes that occur across a zone air flow control valve, when flow rate changes occur as burners are started or stopped, thus providing a substantially higher turndown ratio and better control at low fire settings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a burner apparatus are provided via the flame intensity of combustion reaction mixtures of oxidant and fuel gas.

Abstract: A method for determining a soot charge in a combustion chamber includes measuring a spatial distribution of at least one parameter characteristic of a combustion by monitoring a flame in the combustion chamber. The at least one parameter allows a conclusion concerning a soot charge in the combustion chamber during operation and the at least one parameter is a temperature and/or a carbon monoxide content. The soot charge is determined based on the measuring step and by using a comparison with given conversion curves. A device for determining a soot charge in a combustion chamber is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method for protecting the electronic circuitry within a gas appliance. The electronic circuitry is arranged on a circuit board. A temperature sensor, located on the circuit board is periodically read to determine the current temperature. If the current temperature exceeds a first predetermined value, a microprocessor commands a stepper motor to reduce the input fuel pressure to the main burner. If the current temperature is within an acceptable range, the microprocessor permits the user to increase main valve outlet pressure.

Abstract: A burner system for use in applications such as a gas fireplace insert has a main burner, a standing pilot burner, a burner control unit, and a fuel valve. In one embodiment, the fuel valve and burner control unit receive power from a power source such as a thermopile mounted to receive energy from the pilot burner. The burner control unit includes a switch controlling power to the fuel valve and a RF receiver. The RF receiver controls the opening and closing of the switch responsive to encoded RF signals transmitted to it by a remote transmitter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that optimize the combustion process in various reactors, furnaces, and internal combustion engines. Video cameras are used to evaluate the combustion flame grade. Depending on the desired form, standard or special video devices, or beam scanning devices, are used to image the combustion flame and by-products. The video device generates and outputs image signals during various phases of, and at various locations in, the combustion process. Other forms of sensors monitor and generate data signals defining selected parameters of the combustion process, such as air flow, fuel flow, turbulence, exhaust and inlet valve openings, etc. In a preferred form, a neural networks initially processes the image data and characterizes the combustion flame. A fuzzy logic controller and associated fuzzy logic rule base analyzes the image data from the neural network, along with other sensor information.

Abstract: A gas burner comprises an elongated tubular body with a sidewall which has outer end edges between which there are apertures which pass through the sidewall; a flange with a central through hole and an opposite base cap, the sidewall, flange and base cap being attached to one another in such a way that together they define a first mixing chamber, in which a flow of gas and air, received through the flange, exits the tubular body through the apertures in the sidewall; the flange and base cap having opposite guides; the sidewall being wound in a spiral and having juxtaposed longitudinal edges with fluid tight seals and outer end edges inserted in the guides with a play designed to allow the perimeter of the sidewall to expand or contract according to changes in the temperature of the body.

Abstract: A dual mode pilot burner having a control flame mode of operation and a pilot flame mode of operation, which dual mode pilot burner is suitable for controlling the fuel/air ratio of a main burner when operating in the control flame mode of operation. The dual mode pilot burner includes a burner body having a control flame holder and a pilot flame holder disposed downstream of the control flame holder, a mixing chamber having a fuel gas inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a mixed gas outlet, which mixed gas outlet is in fluid communication with the control flame holder and a fuel gas control valve for controlling a fuel gas flow rate through the fuel gas inlet into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: In an electronic ignition system for igniting a plurality of gas burners by means of a plurality of electrodes, each one being mounted adjacent with each burner for producing sparks for the ignition of each burner. A spark generating circuit connected with the electrodes in order to produce the sparks for igniting each burner. And a power source connected to the spark generating circuit. A flame sensor circuit is connected to the spark generating circuit and at least one electrode, which in a first period and once the spark generating circuit has been activated for igniting each electrode, the flame sensor circuit is operated to detect the absence of flame on the burner by means of said electrode, and once that the burner has been ignited, the electrode and flame sensor circuit are operated for sensing the presence of flame on the burner.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a combustion chamber. A fan is connected to the combustion chamber. The fan has a spin velocity. A burner is adjacent the combustion chamber. The burner defines one or more flame openings. Each flame opening has a cross section. An obstacle is associated with each of the one or more flame openings. Each obstacle is within the combustion chamber. A mixture of fuel gas and air having a mixture temperature is discharged at a discharge velocity from the one or more flame openings. A flame is positioned along the burner substantially detached from the one or more openings. A flame position sensor senses the position of the flame and generates a flame position signal based on the sensed position of the flame. A control processor maintains the flame around a prefixed optimum position by controlling a characteristic variable quantity of the mixture based on the flame position signal.

Abstract: A unique and useful dynamic control system has been invented for the control of a catalytic combustion system for use on a dynamic plant, preferably, a gas turbine engine. The dynamic control system facilitates the replacement of conventional flame combustion systems with catalytic combustion systems, which produce far less pollutants, by producing acceptable transient performance of the combustion system. A method of controlling the catalytic combustion process comprises the steps of calculating a mass flow of air introduced into the combustor, monitoring a flow of fuel to be combusted within the combustor, monitoring a temperature of the air introduced into the combustor, calculating an inlet temperature set point based on the mass flow and fuel flow, and controlling a pre-burner to heat the air based on the inlet temperature set point, the mass flow, and the temperature of the air. Further, the mass flow may be estimated based on ambient air temperature and pressure, and compressor speed.

Abstract: A pilot burner assembly for a gas burning heater which has a pilot fuel supply pipe and a pilot burner head with an inner chamber defined by a generally continuous sidewall. The pilot burner head has a middle body region with a side port defining a channel passing through the sidewall which has a channel wall. An ignitor rod passes at least partially into the port and terminates at an ignitor tip which is adapted to provide electrical current between the ignitor tip and the sidewall to ignite a pilot flame. A boss is welded on the burner head and surrounds the port. An insulation sleeve is positioned within the boss and has a central aperture adapted to allow passage of the ignitor rod and maintain the ignitor rod in position. A pilot flame sensor is positioned adjacent the pilot burner head and adapted to indicate the ignited pilot flame to a computerized control means.

Abstract: Characteristics of a flame within a turbine or burner are determined based upon ultraviolet, visible, and infrared measurements of the flame. The measurements include the amplitude of frequency bands that are indicative of an efficient combustion process, such as those that increase when the flame temperature increases. The measurements also include the amplitude of frequency bands that are indicative of an inefficient combustion process, such as those that do not vary, increase a relatively small amount, or decrease when the flame temperature increases. The temperature of the flame may therefore be determined accurately, to facilitate efficient operation of the turbine or burner, while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling an amount of air of a gas boiler are disclosed. Detecting section detects a flame voltage of the gas boiler to output a flame voltage value signal which represents a flame voltage value. An air supplying fan supplies air into the gas boiler. A sensing section senses a rotative velocity of the air supplying fan to output a sensing signal which represents a present rotative velocity of the air supplying fan.

Abstract: A boiler having a combustor for combusting an air/gas fuel mixture, the combustor including a heat exchanger which conducts coolant therethrough surrounding the combustion chamber and a fan coupled to an air line provides a flow rate of air in the air line. A gas line is coupled at one end to a source of gas and at another end to the air line so as to produce a mixture of gas and air. Means for measuring a property of the air/gas fuel mixture characteristic of its combustibility are utilized. A valve coupled to said gas line is operative to control a flow rate of gas in response to a control signal from the means for measuring. A temperature sensor takes a temperature measurement of the coolant after passing through the heat exchanger and transmits the temperature measurement to the speed control unit. The speed control unit slows down the speed of the fan when the coolant temperature approaches a preset limit.

Abstract: A fuel control system, parts therefor, and methods of making are provided. The fuel control system includes a fuel control valve unit (FCU) and a fuel conduit having an end secured in a fuel outlet opening in a housing of the fuel control valve unit. The end of the conduit is disposed in a certain desired axial position in the fuel outlet opening relative to the housing, the housing has a movable part. In a first position of the movable part, the end of the conduit can be axially moved from a position outside the housing to the certain desired axial position. In a second position, the movable part cooperates with a securing device on the end of the conduit to secure the end in the certain desired axial position thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a cooking location of a cooking unit includes a temperature sensor having an outer tube and an inner rod received within the tube and having a different coefficient of expansion, a switch base operatively connected to the temperature sensor and carrying electric contacts actuated by the temperature sensor, and an igniter connected to the temperature sensor and/or switch base.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that optimize the combustion process in various reactors, furnaces, and internal combustion engines. Video cameras are used to evaluate the combustion flame grade. Depending on the desired form, standard or special video devices, or beam scanning devices, are used to image the combustion flame and by-products. The video device generates and outputs image signals during various phases of, and at various locations in, the combustion process. Other forms of sensors monitor and generate data signals defining selected parameters of the combustion process, such as air flow, fuel flow, turbulence, exhaust and inlet valve openings, etc. In a preferred form, a neural networks initially processes the image data and characterizes the combustion flame. A fuzzy logic controller and associated fuzzy logic rule base analyzes the image data from the neural network, along with other sensor information.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for controlling the operation of a gas burner, by monitoring and controlling the stoichiometry of the air and fuel gas during the burning process.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that optimize the combustion process in various reactors, furnaces, and internal combustion engines. Video cameras are used to evaluate the combustion flame grade. Depending on the desired form, standard or special video devices, or beam scanning devices, are used to image the combustion flame and by-products. The video device generates and outputs image signals during various phases of, and at various locations in, the combustion process. Other forms of sensors monitor and generate data signals defining selected parameters of the combustion process, such as air flow, fuel flow, turbulence, exhaust and inlet valve openings, etc. In a preferred form, a neural networks initially processes the image data and characterizes the combustion flame. A fuzzy logic controller and associated fuzzy logic rule base analyzes the image data from the neural network, along with other sensor information.

Abstract: A heater control system, parts therefor, and methods of making them are disclosed. The heater control system includes a fuel control unit having a thermocouple operated unit in the housing thereof, which has an opening therein leading to the thermocouple operated unit. The tip or end of the thermocouple device is secured in the opening for operative connection to the thermocouple operated unit. The thermocouple device has a unique securing structure which permits the end thereof to be axially moved from outside the housing to a certain desired axial position within the opening and cooperates with a unique securing structure on the housing to secure the end of the thermocouple device in the certain desired axial position.

Abstract: A detector for use in a combustion system includes a probe having a tip adapted for placement through a singular aperture in the mixing area of a combustion system. First and second channels are derived from the probe output and are used to detect a flashback or flameout condition.

Abstract: A pair of reference electrodes and a flame rod are placed in contact with charged particles in a flame produced by a burner. When a voltage is applied between the flame rod and the burner by a power source, a current (I.sub.fr) flows between them due to the flame conductivity. A potential difference (V.sub.12) between the pair of reference electrodes is detected by a potential difference detector. The dynamic flame impedance between the pair of reference electrodes is defined as the slope of the I.sub.fr -V.sub.12 relationship and is independent of I.sub.fr.

Abstract: Roofing kettle apparatus for heating asphalt includes a wheeled chassis mounting a vat and a heating system for heating the vat. The heating system includes a solenoid operated valve for controlling the flow of fuel gas from a fuel gas source to each of a pair of burner nozzles and a igniter assembly having an outlet adjacent the outlet of a first combustion chamber. An igniter generates a spark to ignite gas discharging from the igniter assembly outlet. A flame sensor adjacent to the first combustion chamber outlet end senses the burning of fuel gas. The igniter assembly has a second outlet adjacent the second combustion chamber outlet end. The ignition of fuel gas discharging from the igniter assembly ignites the gas discharging through the combustion chamber outlets. The burners extend into the combustion chambers.

Abstract: A process for controlling a gas blower burner in which an ionization electrode sends an electrical variable derived from the combustion temperature or the lambda value to a control circuit, which compares this variable with a selected electrical set point and adjusts the gas-to-air ratio (lambda value) to a corresponding lambda set point. To compensate the effect of a condition-dependent change in the proportionality between the lambda value and the electrical measured variable derived from it on the control in such a way that the desired lambda set point will be maintained, a calibration cycle is run from time to time. The lambda value is reduced from a value of >1 during this cycle. The maximum obtained at lambda=1 is stored. The electrical set point is adjusted with this maximum.

Abstract: An electric control is shown adapted for use with gas furnaces which controls fan motors, ignition controls and a gas valve based on inputs from a room thermostat, limit switches, a flame probe, a flame roll-out probe, and a condensate sensor. A roll-out detection circuit utilizing flame rectification includes a multidirectional roll-out probe 16 coupled to a microcontroller (U2) through an inverter (U3) to provide both fault both protection and fault identification. A condensate sensor (20) in the form of a conductive condensate sensor member is also coupled to the microcontroller (U2) through an inverter (U3) to detect the presence of condensate build-up.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved acoustic flame detection apparatus and methods for detecting the presence or non-presence of a flame from a location remote from the flame. The flame detection apparatus is comprised of a conduit extending between the location of the flame to be detected and the remote location, a sound detector connected to the conduit for detecting sound conducted to it by the conduit and generating a signal representative thereof and means for receiving the signal and indicating the presence or non-presence of the flame in response thereto.

Abstract: A method is presented for stabilizing the flame on the tips of burner internals in a process for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a gaseous hydrocarbon-containing fuel. The method comprises supplying a gaseous hydrocarbon-containing fuel, a moderator gas and an oxidizer through a burner to a reactor, and adjusting the mass flow of the moderator gas such that the moderator gas concentration does not exceed a predetermined limit. The process conditions are effected such that the flame contacts the burner internal tips. In case of flame-lifting from the burner internal tips, the velocities and mass flows of the fuel and/or oxidizer and/or moderator gas are re-adjusted in such a manner that the flame is restabilized on the burner internal tips.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a gas-heatable appliance for personal use as, for example, a curling iron, a curling brush, a hair dryer, an epilating appliance, a domestic appliance, or the like, including a fuel gas reservoir, a combustion chamber, and a valve assembly disposed between the fuel gas reservoir and the combustion chamber for controlling and/or regulating the amount of fuel gas supplied, in particular in dependence upon temperature. There are further provided a valve housing (4) with a gas passageway (5, 15, 16) and a sealing element (6) associated with the gas passageway (5, 15, 16), as well as an actuator (7) for actuating the sealing element (6). The element is configured as a control member actuatable by a user and/or as a temperature-responsive actuator (7). In this arrangement, the sealing element (6) is actuated directly by the actuator (7).

Abstract: A radiation modulator system and related method for actively controlling a flame in a combustion system are provided. The system includes a plurality of radiation modulators positioned adjacent the flame. A sensor arrangement is provided for sensing combustion characteristics of the flame and generating a sensor signal representative of the combustion characteristics. The sensor signal is received in a computer which then generates a control signal for transmission to a linkage arrangement which provides for the repositioning of the radiation modulators. Thus, the flame is actively controlled by continually repositioning the modulators in response to the sensor signal and the control signal. The related method broadly includes the steps of: (1) positioning the radiation modulators adjacent the flame; (2) sensing combustion characteristics of the flame; and (3) repositioning the radiation modulators responsive to the combustion characteristics.

Abstract: Information relating to combustion conditions within a fossil-fueled boiler that includes a plurality of burners adapted to produce flames combining to form a fireball is provided by acquiring data relating to the physical and temperature characteristics of the fireball with at least one imaging camera having optical and temperature measuring capabilities; receiving, storing and processing data received from the camera to provide data representative of the NO.sub.x content of the hot gases produced by the fireball; and transmitting the processed data from the processor to a monitor for display. Transmitted, processed data may include current, historical and target information relating to the physical appearance and temperature profile of the fireball.

Abstract: An infrared emittance combustion analyzer utilizing detectors in a flame burner which monitor the radiation at two preselected wavelengths. The respective radiation signals are filtered to eliminate DC signal variations, rectified and converted into a DC value which is representative of the measured radiation signals. The respective DC values are formed into a ratio which is compared against a predetermined setpoint signal, and the error signal resulting from this comparison is utilized to drive an electromechanical controller which adjusts either the air damper or the fuel damper to adjust the fuel/air mixture which is fed into the burner.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide detection and automatic deactivation system including a fuel burner having a fuel supply conduit coupled thereto. A pilot igniter is situated adjacent to a pilot supply conduit and is adapted to provide a flame in an interior space of the burner upon the actuation thereof. A thermocouple is positioned adjacent to the pilot igniter for producing an electric current upon the detection of heat. Also included is an electromechanical fuel valve comprising a solenoid adapted to allow the supply of fuel to the burner upon the receipt of current via the thermocouple and further preclude said supply upon the lack thereof. Finally, a switch mechanism is electrically coupled between the thermocouple and the solenoid. The switch mechanism has a first orientation for allowing current to pass therebetween with the absence of carbon monoxide and a second orientation for precluding current to pass therebetween with the presence of carbon monoxide.