Abstract: An industrial kiln employs a tunnel kiln design. An upper portion of a central high-temperature firing region of a kiln body (1) has an arch structure, and is divided into a rising portion (4), a middle portion (5), and a descending portion (6). The rising portion (4), the middle portion (5), and the descending portion (6) are connected by means of curved surfaces with smooth transitions. A transporting mechanism (2) at a lower portion of the kiln body (1) is parallel to the upper portion. The present invention enables collection of excessive heat in a pre-heating portion and a cooling portion to transfer the same to a high-temperature firing portion, thus reducing a firing time and burning fuels of a high-temperature firing region, lowering a production cost, and protecting the environment by preventing exhaustion of a large amount of hot air.

Abstract: A machine for the heating of granular material at high temperature, wherein a vessel is divided into compartments by vessel dams and vibrated in a direction perpendicular or ‘Cross Axis’ to the vessel longitudinal axis. The vessel is vibrated by counter rotating rotary vibrators to create a “Cross Axis” vibration causing a circular cascading movement of the granular material within the vessel. The vessel is surrounded by a furnace heated by electric power or a combustible gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The rollover prevention apparatus defines an adaptive steering range limiting device comprising a control unit and a pair of opposing unidirectional brake assemblies mounted to a steering column position detection disc. The rollover prevention apparatus prevents the steering wheel of the vehicle from being turned beyond the threshold of vehicle rollover, but otherwise does not restrict the rotational range of motion of the steering wheel of a vehicle.

Abstract: A furnace loading system for use with a heat treating furnace is disclosed. The furnace loading system includes a platform and a support structure mounted on the platform. First and second transport rails are mounted on the support structure. The furnace loading system also includes a transfer cart that is adapted for supporting a work load and for moving along the transport rails. A lift mechanism is operatively mounted on the transfer cart for vertically displacing a work load supported on the transfer cart. The furnace loading system also includes a drive mechanism mounted on the support structure and operatively connected to the transfer cart for displacing the cart along the rails. A traction device is operatively connected to the platform for moving the furnace loading system relative to a heat treating furnace.

Abstract: A battery of stationary hearth furnaces, and method for using, for producing metallic iron nodules having a furnace having a stationary hearth, an inlet and an outlet; a heating chamber beneath the stationary hearth having heated fluids circulated thereto and heating reducible material on the stationary hearth; passageways circulating fluids, through ports from the furnace housing above the reducible material to the heating chamber beneath; burners and air inlets in the furnace and optionally in at least one passageway and a heating chamber for drying and heating the reducible material, driving off and burning volatile material, and forming metallic iron nodules; a loading device for loading reducible material and optionally hearth material onto the stationary hearth through the inlet; and a discharging device capable of discharging metallic iron nodules and optionally related material from the stationary hearth through the outlet.

Abstract: A furnace of controlled heating and treatment of material using infrared radiation. The furnace is capable of continuous infrared treating of material with consistent radiation being applied to the material, ease of access to the furnace for maintenance cleaning and repair, excellent control of radiant cooling of the material to be treated, and ease of maintenance of a volatile component condenser.

Abstract: A method for discharging a reduced product produced on a movable hearth of a movable-hearth furnace uses a discharging device. The discharging device includes a removal unit for removing the reduced product from the movable hearth, a separation unit for separating the reduced product from a solid reductant, a leaving-returning unit for either leaving substances other than the reduced product on a solid reductant layer or returning the substances onto the solid reductant layer, and a discharge unit for discharging the reduced product to the outside of the movable-hearth furnace.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating, in particular cooling, bulk material which is lying on a conveying grate (10) in the form of a layer (20). The gas is passed through the grate (10) and the layer (20) from the bottom upward. The grate is moved forward and back in its entirety, with the layer of material (20) being held in place during the return stroke. The stroke frequency is selected to be sufficiently low for there to be substantially no vertical mixing of the layer of material (20). A blocking plate (30) or the like is provided for the purpose of holding the layer (20) in place. The avoidance of the vertical relative movement within the layer of material (20) improves the heat recovery.

Abstract: A method for discharging a reduced product produced on a movable hearth of a movable-hearth furnace uses a discharging device. The discharging device includes a removal unit for removing the reduced product from the movable hearth, a separation unit for separating the reduced product from a solid reductant, a leaving-returning unit for either leaving substances other than the reduced product on a solid reductant layer or returning the substances onto the solid reductant layer, and a discharge unit for discharging the reduced product to the outside of the movable-hearth furnace.

Abstract: In a thermal treatment apparatus comprising a plurality of thermal treatment chambers in which an object to be treated is thermally treated while being transported, at least one pair of two adjacent thermal treatment chambers of which inside temperatures are different from each other are connected through a thermal insulating structural member, whereby thermal conduction between the chambers such as muffles is prevented to reduce a heat loss caused in the thermal treatment apparatus, and therefore, input thermal energy which is necessary to carry out a predetermined thermal treatment is significantly reduced without affecting quality and yield of the object.

Abstract: A continuous pusher furnace includes a product carrier assembly incorporating a traveling gas barrier. The product carrier assembly comprises a plate disposed to receive product thereon and a gas barrier extending upwardly from the plate. The perimeter of the gas barrier is sized and configured to fit within a vestibule between heating chambers in the furnace with a clearance gap with the vestibule selected to increase a gas flow velocity through the vestibule sufficient to overcome a gas diffusion velocity through the vestibule in a direction opposite to the gas flow. In this manner, gas is unable to diffuse into an upstream heating chamber. In an alternative embodiment, an exhaust outlet may also be provided in the vestibule or chamber to exhaust gas from upstream and downstream heating chambers from the furnace.

Abstract: Thrust grate with a stationary grate component and with a grate component (2) moved forwards and backwards and is connected to members for its lateral guidance. These members are formed by oppositely arranged tension elements (3) stretched between the moved grate component (2) and a stationary structural part (1) essentially horizontally and perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the grate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oven for sealing a panel to a funnel, thus forming an envelope suitable for use in a display tube, comprising a tunnel structure 9 and at least one mount for conveying an assembly of a panel and a funnel through the tunnel structure 9. The tunnel structure 9 is provided with a longitudinal slot 16A and the components of the mount for guiding the mount along and through the tunnel structure 9 are placed outside the tunnel structure. It is preferred that the components comprise a means, such as a pump or compressor 24, for flushing the interior of the assembly 22 with a fluid obtained from a source which is substantially separated from the gas(es) circulating in the oven 1, e.g. from the surroundings of the oven 1.

Abstract: A grate cooler of simple construction whose cooling grate is substantly protected against wear and which can be operated in simple fashion and with a high cooling efficiency. A plurality of rotatably supported tubular oscillating shafts, spaced apart from one another, are arranged transversely to the conveyance direction of cooling feed material above a stationary cooling grate. Upwardly extending shovel arms (16a, 16b, 16c), are attached to the shafts which move with a reciprocating oscillatory motion (17) in the conveyance direction of cooling feed material. The shovel arms have a pushing surface on their forward side and a wedge surface on their rearward side and, in their oscillatory motion, moving the hot bed of cooling feed material successively from the beginning of grate-cooler to the discharge of the grate cooler.

Abstract: A longitudinal continuous furnace applicable to construction ceramic material, including a main body (1) lined inside with refractory brick provided internally with a row of nozzles (2) intended to diffuse hot air generated by coaxial gas burners (4), air blowers (3) arranged on the opposite wall which inject pressure air at room temperature from the outside, rails (7) placed on the ground provided for the circulation of wagons (6) which transport the bricks to be burnt (5), and a skirt (8) arranged inside at the height at which travels the horizontal top surface of the wagons (6).

Abstract: “AN IMPROVEMENT IN A GRATE BAR FOR PELLETIZING AND SINTERING FURNACES” comprised of a single body (10) provided with a higher horizontal girder (1) of rectangular cross-section supported in its ends by I-shaped legs (2) which are provided in their higher and lower edges, respectively, with an inverted V-shaped rim (3) and a square shoe (4); under the horizontal girder (1) a sub-girder (5) of an isosceles triangle cross-section is defined, the sides of which smoothly match with the sides of the girder (1) and make out a lower apex that defines a sharp edge pointing downwards referred to escape edge 7; wherein two transverse spacers (6) of rectangular cross-section also having escape edges (11) are provided adjacent to the girder (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a movable tunnel kiln for clay product manufacture and a production process system employing a tunnel kiln. Provided a kiln bottom of the tunnel kiln is fixed and takes a circular shape, the kiln body is circular and movable, road wheels moving on a circular railway are installed on both sides of the kiln body. A circular raw material aging pit concentric with kiln bottom is installed at the site inside the circular kiln bottom, and a complete brickmaking equipment is installed at the central part of the site. An operation mode of stationary bricks stack with movable kiln body is adopted in the invention, which changes the conventional operation of loading and unloading for the brick, and a plurality of cars with auxiliary facilities are cancelled, thereby greatly reduces the kiln construction cost.

Abstract: Method of controlling the conveying speed of a grate cooler as a function of the state of the bed of material to be cooled in the initial region of the cooler while taking into account the flow resistance of said bed of material. According to the invention, the conveying speed, in addition to being controlled as a function of the flow resistance, is also controlled as a function of the height of the bed of material to be cooled.

Abstract: A kiln for ceramic products has a firing chamber including sidewalls with opposed slots. A transport device for transporting the ceramic products through the firing chamber in a transport direction is provided. The transport device includes rods for supporting the ceramic products. The rods extend perpendicularly to the transport direction and penetrate the opposed slots. The transport device includes a rail system and holders movably guided on the rail system. The rods have a first and second ends supported by a first and second sets of holders and a second set of holders. The first and second sets of holders are respectively detachably connected to one another. The holders within the opposed slots are arranged directly adjacent to one another to tightly seal the slots. The firing chamber has an upstream end and a downstream end in the transport direction.

Abstract: A device for heat-treating metallic workpieces in a vacuum has a revolving vacuum furnace with an inlet transfer lock for introducing a batch of workpieces into the revolving vacuum furnace and with an outlet transfer lock for removing the batch of workpieces from the revolving vacuum furnace. The revolving vacuum furnace has also an annular turntable for transporting the batch of workpieces from the inlet transfer lock to the outlet transfer lock. At least one carburization furnace, for carburization treatment of the batch of workpieces, is connected to the revolving vacuum furnace at least at a peripheral location of the revolving vacuum furnace between the inlet transfer lock and the outlet transfer lock in the direction of transportation of the batch of workpieces. The annular turntable transports the batch of workpieces to the at least one carburization furnace.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) efficiently producing brick (53). More specifically, the invention relates to an automated, ultra low profile, continuously moving dryer, kiln and brick handling system which provides efficient, effective heating of the brick, and wherein the kiln uses only top burners (34). The invention thus eliminates the need for burners placed both on top and below the kiln or in other positions throughout the kiln, to provide effective heating.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature in a heating kiln is able to maintain the temperature uniformly at a set temperature of the kiln. Output of each burner provided in the kiln is controlled on the basis of temperatures at plural positions affected by plural burners to make the temperature in the kiln substantially equal to a set temperature of the kiln. Mean values of temperatures at the plural positions are calculated and the burners are controlled to bring the mean values into coincidence with the set temperature. Alternatively, contribution rates .alpha.1 and .alpha.2 are determined which correspond to the influence of one burner on the temperature of the thermocouple for the other burner. Handicap temperatures TH1 and TH2 are then calculated by substituting temperatures T1 and T2 of the one and the other burners in equations TH1=T1+(T2-T1) .alpha.1 and TH2=T2+(T1-T2) .alpha.2. The burners are then controlled to make the handicap temperatures coincide with the set temperature.

Abstract: A polyhedronal post terminal defining at least one polygonally-shaped cavity passing therethrough. The post terminal also defines at least one hole passing through one of the post terminal's outside wall surfaces, but does not pass through the post terminal outside wall surface which is aligned with and opposes the post terminal outside wall surface having the hole defined therein. The post terminal has at least one ledge portion protruding outwardly from its side wall surface.In one embodiment, the post terminal has a hook portion extending upwardly from its ledge portion. The hook portion is angularly oriented to the ledge portion's upper surface, and is laterally spaced from the terminal's side wall surface such that a channel is defined therebetween.In another embodiment, the post terminal has a claw portion extending downwardly from its ledge portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to kiln car refractory furniture. In combination, (a) a kiln car having chassis that carries a platform; (b) a curb of a row of a plurality of hollow load-bearing refractory modules aligned along the periphery of the platform of the kiln car; and (c) an insulating amount of refractory insulation dispersed between the modules and laying over the platform of the kiln car. Each load-bearing hollow refractory module further comprises: (i) a hollow body formed of a refractory material having spaced walls and a top wall defining a hollow insulating space; (ii) at least one socket means for supporting a refractory post where the post in turn supports a load of refractory ware; (iii) a securing means for supporting the socket means spaced apart from the platform of the kiln car; and (iv) surfaces on the body adapted to interlock with surfaces on another abutting module.

Abstract: An elongated, horizontal tunnel-type furnace for heat treating workpieces carried in succession therethrough. The furnace is of modular construction and comprises a series of contiguous individual modular sections that define a tunnel-type enclosure. Each modular section comprises a stationary lower enclosure section and an assembled vertically retractable upper enclosure section. The upper enclosure sections are supported along opposite sides by a plurality of spaced, free-standing lifting devices. A screw-jack is associated with each lifting device for raising and lowering the upper enclosure sections relative to the lower enclosure sections. The upper enclosure sections may be raised and lowered individually or joined together and moved as a unit.

Abstract: In a tunnel kiln or other through-type kiln having aligned successive preheating, firing and cooling zones, counter-current air flows are provided in the preheating and cooling zones while essentially isolating the firing zone from air exchange by circulating air between the preheating and cooling zones through external conduits bypassing the firing zone, thereby substantially reducing energy consumption and providing environmentally safe exhaust from the kiln without substantial expense for air filtration.

Abstract: A system for under-cart cooling of furnace carts in tunnel furnaces comprises a plurality of closed cooling air channels which fill the under-cart channel to the largest possible extent and are only slightly spaced from the undersides of the tent and are only slightly spaced from the undersides of the furnace carts. The cooling air channels which are streamed through by cooling air provide for sufficient cooling of the furnace carts, while simultaneously an exchange of cooling air from the under-cart channel and of hot air from the burning channel can be avoided in a simple manner so that there is no need for additional sealing arrangements.

Abstract: The heat treatment of solids by combustion, cooling, or the like with the aid of gas may take place on a grate conveying such solids while the gas is passed through openings in the surface of the grate. In order to provide lateral clearances of such grates with the same order of narrowness as the majority of the grate's openings, the mobile framework of the grate is suspended by tension elements inclined at an angle of at least 3 degrees relative to the perpendicular. If the mobile frame deviates from a straight course, the inclined suspension creates a centering force guiding the mobile frame without mechanical contact and wear. As a result, the lateral clearances for thermal expansion and building tolerances are reduced from about 20 to 2 mm.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln for firing molded ceramic green products includes a gate for feeding a kiln car into and out of the kiln. The gate located at low temperature parts of the kiln includes side walls made of a stainless steel having inclined surfaces and a ceiling made of a stainless steel and having inclined surfaces toward the side walls. The tunnel kiln further includes sand seals at connections between the side walls and the ceiling and receiving bases provided under lower ends of the side walls for receiving pyrolytically decomposed products. The side walls are formed with exhaust ports communicating with the receiving bases so that the pyrolytically decomposed products flow along the inclined surfaces of the ceiling and the side walls are once collected in the receiving bases and exhausted through the exhaust ports of the side walls to the outside of the kiln. With this arrangement, defective ceramic products due to decomposed products attached thereto are completely eliminated.

Abstract: A truck for use in a tunnel kiln is disclosed. The tunnel kiln is used for firing shaped bodies by heating them with use of a plurality of combustion burners provided on sides inside the tunnel kiln. The truck comprises supports. Among them, at least supports with which a combustion stream from the combustion burners directly contacts have a streamlined shape with respect to the combustion stream. By so constructing, turbulence of the combustion stream can be minimized to make temperature distribution more uniform inside the kiln.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tunnel kiln for fine ceramic products comprizing a heating section, a firing section, and a cooling section, where by means of gas conveying means (10) gases are taken in from the region of said cooling section (140, 176, 182) and are conveyed to said firing section (41, 78, 80, 126, 128), whereby at least one additional burner (132) is arranged in a transition region (130) between said firing section (128) and said cooling section (140).

Abstract: The invention relates to means for heat treating green bodies comprising two mutually parallel kiln channels operated in opposite directions each having at least one heating section, firing section, and cooling section, where an offtake means leads from one kiln channel to a combustion chamber, from which a supply means runs into the one or other kiln channel.

Abstract: In the modular kiln, which is designed for the firing of ceramic tiles etc., one has a series of single treatment zones (16) arranged in a continuous succession and interconnected by a conveyor (6); heat exchange is brought about by radiation between special surfaces built into the various zones of the kiln, and the material being fired.

Abstract: The tunnel kiln establishes multiple kiln car train paths by a pedestal which upwardly projects from the kiln's foundation. Aprons which depend from the kiln cars and extend transversely between laterally adjacent pedestals (or a pedestal and a side wall of the tunnel) thus effectively form a seal thereat so that the undercar cooling techniques may be employed in multitrain tunnel kilns.

Abstract: Intensive undercar cooling is achieved in the latter portion of a tunnel kiln by (a) a continuous undercar longitudinal cooling air flow or (b) by transverse undercar sub-chambers in which heat exchangers are used to set up local cooling connection currents within each sub-chamber. Air flows in the undercar channel are substantially prevented in the heat-up zone and up to about the middle of the firing zone. Pressure equalization is permitted with respect to the firing chamber thereabove but very little air will actually pass therebetween in the sensitive heat-up zone because there is no other substantial air passageway leading into or out of the sub-chambers formed by aprons depending from the kiln cars.

Abstract: Transverse sub-chambers are defined beneath a train of kiln cars. Pressure equalization is permitted with respect to the firing chamber thereabove but very little air will actually pass therebetween because there is no other substantial air passageway leading into or out of the sub-chamber. Rather, heat exchange cooling apparatus is employed in each sub-chamber so as to set up convention air currents within the sub-chamber to cool the underside of the kiln car. The heat exchanger units in different sub-chambers are preferably individually controllable so as to provide a controllable degree of undercar cooling as a function of location along the tunnel kiln.

Abstract: A kiln system for heat treating ceramic and metallic material. The system comprises an insulated housing having an open-ended through passageway, a plurality of kiln cars adapted to be received in and pass through the passageway, a plurality of spaced seals coupled to the housing and engageable with leading and trailing walls on each kiln car, and heating and cooling sources. The leading and trailing walls of each kiln car together with the spaced seals subdivide the passageway into zones of differing temperatures. By use of seals located at the ends of the passageway, outer doors for the passageway are unnecessary. By forming the zones of differing temperatures by use of the plurality of spaced seals, a plurality of kiln cars can be moved through the passageway in series one after the other and be subject to pre-heating, heating and cooling temperatures typically used in heat treating without the need of inner doors or a long housing.

Abstract: The method comprises passing preformed bodies to be calcined, containing pyrolyzable substances, through a furnace having, arranged in succession, a first heating zone, a second or combustion zone wherein volatile substance released by said bodies are subjected to combustion, a third or calcining zone, and a fourth or cooling zone. Separation means between the first and second zones, and between the third and fourth zones, prevent the flue gases from flowing between such zones.

Abstract: A tunnel dryer and method for drying unfired bricks or similar objects in which the tunnel comprises exhaust means for exhausting heated gases within the tunnel, partition means disposed in the drying space of the tunnel consisting of at least one vertically adjustable partition positioned upstream of the exhaust means, and means for positioning the vertically adjustable partition at an intermediate level within the drying space of the tunnel to define an effective drying zone for the unfired bricks.

Abstract: Method for calcining carbonaceous blocks into carbonaceous bodies, in which either a continuous or intermittent operation furnace is used. After placing carbonaceous blocks to be calcined onto the loading platform of a cart, a containment structure or enclosure structure is formed around the carbonaceous blocks including a barrier, which is held away from and is adapted to completely enclose the carbonaceous blocks, with the optional exception of barrier formed on the surface of the loading platform on which the carbonaceous blocks rest. The barrier being effective to prevent seepage of air or gases therethrough during calcination.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln particularly adapted for firing ceramic workpieces has a firing channel including a heating zone, a firing zone, and a cooling zone, and has kiln cars and kiln sole sections which bear the workpieces to be treated and are movable through said firing channel. The kiln sole sections are separated from the kiln cars, and the kiln cars are constructed and arranged to be movable independently of the kiln sole sections.

Abstract: There is described a loading apparatus for conveying charging grates in heat treatment furnaces has one or more chain strands which run in guide rails which also extend into the heat treatment furnace; at the end of the chain strands facing toward the furnace, the chain links have pivoting rocker arms on which there are secured support segments; the raising and lowering of the support segments is carried out by means of support blocks and retaining cams.

Abstract: The combustion, cooling or other treatment of solids with the aid of gas may take place on a grate carrying or conveying said solids while the gas is passed through openings provided in the surface of the grate. In order to retain said solids entirely above said grate surface, to cool the grate surface sufficiently and to distribute the gas evenly in the solids to be treated, thin slots, inclined in the direction of transport, curved in the manner of a siphone and maintaining a high resistance to gas penetration are provided in grate plates composed to form a grate. The slots are formed between elements of such grate plates which can be manufactured by casting. The design of these grate plates avoids the necessity of handling dribblings passing said grates. The grate plates can be aerated through grate beams carrying them.

Abstract: A circular traveling grate machine includes rotatable, inner and outer, rail mounted, side frame members forming the sidewalls of an annular hearth region therebetween. A plurality of individually tiltable pallets are positioned in the hearth region and are movable with the side frames along a circular pallet trackway which is positioned within the inner and outer rails of the side frames. A stationary hood is mounted above the hearth region carrying sealing flanges at its lateral edges which extend downwardly in a pair of liquid troughs carried by the rotatable side frames. A stationary windbox is situated below the pallets and is also sealed off by way of lower liquid seals coacting with the side frames. The pallets carry a pair of rotatable hanger brackets at the leading ends thereof which are latched to the undersides of the inner and outer side frames.

Abstract: A pallet construction for use in a circular traveling grate machine of the type having rotatable inner and outer side frames which move with the pallets on either side thereof. Various restraining and float means associated with the pallet hanger brackets and their respective axles, as well as with one of the pallet wheels and its respective axle, restrain and permit relative movement of the pallet axles in given radial and circumferential directions, whereby forces and moments are transmitted by the pallets as they mechanically couple the inner and outer side frames. The aforesaid restraining and float means also accommodate the differentials in thermal expansion and contraction between the pallets and the cooler side frames of the traveling grate. The first axles and hanger brackets include spherical antifriction means which permits the pallets to rotatably tilt during the burden discharge operation in situations where the first axles are axially misaligned due to thermal sagging.

Abstract: An end block adapted for use on a kiln car and for retaining a resilient refractory member which bridges between the kiln car and an adjacent kiln car includes a refractory body having a transverse recess. The recess includes an enlarged cavity and a neck portion connecting the enlarged cavity to the end face of the end block adjacent the end of the kiln car. The resilient refractory material bridges between the end blocks on adjacent kiln cars. One end of the resilient refractory material is retained by the recess in one end block and the other end extends into the recess in the end block on the adjacent car or contacts the end face of the end block on the adjacent car. The recess may be off center so that two layers of resilient refractory material may bridge between the two adjacent kiln cars.

Abstract: There is disclosed a tunnel oven which comprises a base, a guide provided on the base to guide the movement through the oven of wagons bearing product to be treated in the oven, side walls connected to the base and a roof connected to the upper ends of the side walls in order to define a treatment chamber. Each wagon comprises a base for supporting product to be treated, and wheels supporting the wagon base and engageable with the guide. The base of the oven includes a trough containing a liquid, and each wagon has a skirt depending from the wagon base which defines an under chamber below the wagon base and which has its lower edge continuously immersed in the liquid as the wagon moves through the treatment chamber. A train of wagons can thus pass through the oven, with the under chamber of each wagon sealed-off from the oven treatment chamber, whereby the wagon bases, or product carried thereby, effectively form a lower face of the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A sintering machine for pulverulent ore concentrates containing sulfidic metals including an ignition zone, a sintering zone and at least two cooling zones wherein there is total recirculation of cooling gases between two cooling zones and including a recuperative heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas from the first cooling zone, prior to its introduction to the second cooling zone.

Abstract: A continuous firing equipment for ceramics is disclosed. A furnace body is equipped with electrical heating elements and has a horizontally looped track extending therethrough. A plurality of cars made of a metal material having a small heat capacity and a high resistance to thermal shocks are arranged all along the track so as to travel on the track. A plurality of saggars made of a ceramic wool material are loaded on the cars. A drive system including a looped driving member arranged along the circumference of the track and coupled to the cars is provided for driving the cars along the track.