Abstract: A kiln car superstructure is formed by inserting horizontal tying members into openings in hollow vertical support posts and interlocking the tying members within the posts. Two tying members are inserted into opposite openings in each post with each member extending to approximately the post center. Apertures through the tying members are located within the post interior when the tying members are positioned to form the superstructure. Locking pins are inserted into the apertures in the tying members and wedges are then inserted between the ends of the tying members. The wedges force the tying members apart which in turn force the locking pins against the interior of the post. The posts comprise sections which are stably stacked by means of post couplers having a center section sized to conform to the exterior of the post sections with reduced extensions on either side to enter the hollow interiors of the post sections.

Abstract: Manufacturing of carbon bodies by heating blanks containing pyrolizable substances in a chamber over in which volatile pyrolysis products are formed and decomposed and thermal energy is generated by combustion of fluid fuels inside the chamber. Below a chamber temperature of 600.degree. C. the fuel is burned by supplying a stoichiometric amount of air, and above a chamber temperature of 600.degree. C. an additional quantity of air is blown into the chamber through nozzles.

Abstract: A continuous combustion furnace in which the charges to be heat processed is passed through the tunnel in the kiln having three temperature zones comprising a preheating zone, a firing zone subsequent to the preheating zone and a cooling zone subsequent to the firing zone, wherein turbulant flows of atmosphere are induced in each of the temperature zones so that the charges are preheated, fired and thereafter cooled uniformly.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for igniting a sinter mix composed of a solid fuel and sintering material on a sintering machine in which the sinter mix is passed underneath an ignition kiln with closed end and side walls and a closed hood, whereby hot flue gases are generated in the ignition kiln above the sintering material and these hot flue gases heat and ignite the surface of the sintering material by radiation and convection. A rapid, uniform and economical ignition is thereby attained in that flue gases from one or more approximately stoichiometrically operated burners are introduced into the upper region of the igniting kiln and that gases with an increased oxygen content are introduced into the lower region in such a manner that a kiln atmosphere results which, in the upper region of the igniting hood, is hotter and relatively impoverished in oxygen, while in the lower region it is cooler and relatively oxygen enriched.

Abstract: A pressure actuated sealing system for a travelling grate comprising at least one horizontally elongated rigid seal plate pivotally mounted below said travelling grate in sealing relationship with said travelling grate and with windbox means mounted below said travelling grate, said travelling grate including a plurality of pallets each with seal plate engaging means and cavity means provided on the underside thereof, said seal plate being pivotable in the direction of movement of said travelling grate by engagement with said seal plate engaging means, said seal plate being pivotable in the direction opposite the direction of movement of said travelling grate by the pressure differential across said seal plate formed by the pressure of the gases within said wind box means on one side of said seal plate and the ambient pressure on the other side of said seal plate, said cavity means being adapted for permitting unobstructed pivotal movement of said seal plate in said opposite direction.

Abstract: A furnace for heating all sides of products such as metal slabs, billets, rough castings and the like includes a furnace chamber having a charging end and a discharging end. A plurality of carriages are positioned throughout the length of the furnace chamber to support products to be heated and are sequentially movable through the chamber from the charging end thereof to the discharging end thereof. Each carriage includes a support bench having extending upwardly therefrom support members to directly contact and support the products to be heated. A charging station is located adjacent the charging end of the furnace chamber for loading a product to be heated onto the carriage and introducing the thus loaded carriage into the furnace chamber, thereby displacing loaded carriages within the furnace chamber toward the discharging end and discharging a downstream-most loaded carriage from the discharging end of the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A traveling grate consisting of individual pallets each supported on four wheels and independently connected to continuous side walls so that the pallets can pivot down away from and back toward the continuous sidewalls as the rear wheels follow a depressed portion of the trackway in the discharging zone of a retort. The wheels travel in a tunnel which is isolated from the processing zone of the grate retort but is in fluid communication with the charging and discharging zones. The processing zones are also separated from the remainder of the retort by transverse seals formed by false windboxes. Gas leakage from the processing zone is minimized by the tunnel-encapsulation of the retort's processing zone.

Abstract: A bakery oven for food preparation and an oven cart which can be placed therein comprising a goods stand (1) a wheel provided cart underframe (2), an oven chamber (5) in which the goods stand (1) is intended to be received, and a second chamber (15) arranged under the floor (14) of the oven chamber, the cart undersection (2) being pushed into said second chamber when the oven cart is rolled into the oven. The goods stand is rotatable relative to the cart underframe and the oven cart is provided with a coupling member (7), which cooperates with a rotatable driving device (8) in the oven. The goods stand is supported on the cart underframe by a vertical axle (13) rotatably mounted therein and an attachment (12) arranged at the end of the axle. A slot (16) which is open towards the oven door is arranged in the floor (14) of the oven chamber for receiving the axle (13).

Abstract: An improved process for heat-treating pellets in a pelletizing machine in which hot gases are generated and passed through a bed of pellets includes charging solid carbonaceous fuel onto the surface of the pellet bed and burning the carbonaceous fuel to generate at least a portion of the hot gases.

Abstract: In a kiln for firing ceramic workpieces, which kiln is composed of two opposed side walls and a top wall enclosing an elongate kiln chamber, and elements for introducing jets of heating or cooling gases into the kiln chamber at locations spaced along the length of the kiln, the elements are located for directing the jets produced thereby vertically in the region of the side walls of the kiln, and deflector stones are disposed at a distance from the elements for deflecting the jets and gases within the chamber transversely of the length of the kiln.

Abstract: A kiln car which permits a substantial increase of product throughput per car per day through a kiln is disclosed. The kiln car includes a carriage for conducting the car through the kiln and a superstructure made of reduced mass of dense refractory components. A lower load-bearing base is arranged and constructed so that the load-bearing surface lies in a plane below the plane of the bench of the kiln to provide an increased cross sectional area for product firing. The low-mass, load-bearing base includes a plurality of spaced, dense, refractory blocks which are resistant to thermal shock, and capable of withstanding temperatures of about 1300.degree. C., and are positioned around the perimeter of the carriage, with each block having a bore or socket for mounting a refractory column therein. A plurality of elongated dense refractory members or spacers are positioned around the perimeter, and are mounted between the refractory blocks to lock the blocks in place.

Abstract: An improved conveyor assembly is provided for transporting a transparent vitreous substrate along a group of controlled radiative heaters. A plurality of control groups are formed from the radiative heaters and the illumination for the various control groups is isolated so that areas of the conveyor or substrate are illuminated by only a single control group at any one time. Heater control thermocouples are affixed to the radiative heater elements and the output signals from the control thermocouples are calibrated from a calibration thermocouple extending to a position between the control thermocouple and the substrate surface. A wire mesh belt assembly permits illumination of the substrate through the conveyor assembly while supporting the substrate in a manner effective to obtain uniform heating of the substrate.

Abstract: A sintering machine for pulverulent ore concentrates containing sulfidic metals including an ignition zone, a sintering zone and at least two cooling zones wherein there is total recirculation of cooling gases between two cooling zones and including a recuperative heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas from the first cooling zone, prior to its introduction to the second cooling zone.

Abstract: Pellets to be fired are treated with high-temperature gases which, before being supplied to the pellets, are heated by combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber to a temperature above the temperature at which the pellets are to be treated and high enough to ensure that slag formed during combustion can be tapped in liquid form. Cooler gases are then admixed to the high-temperature gases outside the combustion chamber and before they are supplied to the pellets to cool the gases to the temperature desired for the treatment.

Abstract: A kiln car which permits a substantial increase of product throughput per car per day through a kiln is disclosed. The kiln car includes a carriage for conducting the car through the kiln and a superstructure made of reduced mass of dense refractory components. A lower load-bearing base is arranged and constructed so that the load-bearing surface lies in a plane below the plane of the bench of the kiln to provide an increased cross-sectional area for product firing. The low-mass, load-bearing base includes a plurality of spaced, parallel, dense, refractory blocks which are resistant to thermal shock and capable of withstanding temperatures of about 1300.degree. C., and are positioned transversely on the carriage. Each block is formed having aligned and spaced bores or sockets for mounting a column of dense refractory in each bore.

Abstract: In a plant for heating or heat-treating a bed of material carried by an upper part of an endless, perforated belt-type conveyor, said upper part extending through at least one heating or heat-treatment zone in which heating or heat-treatment gas passes through said upper part and the bed being conveyed thereon, the conveyor includes a plurality of mutually adjacent endless, imperforate belt parts. These belt parts are separated by perforated regions. The upper conveyor part is slidably supported, preferably by means of gas-cushion bearings, along at least substantially the whole of its material-carrying length in the region of said belt parts.

Abstract: A high temperature car bottom furnace is provided with an improved seal on the mating closing surfaces. The side walls of the furnace chamber have tapered bottom surfaces sloping toward the end wall of the furnace chamber. The moving furnace floor is provided with complementary tapered sealing surfaces mating with the bottom surfaces of the side wall. A resilient compressible insulating layer is secured therebetween for sealing the chamber along each side wall. This arrangement not only reduces the abrasive contact between the moving surface and the compressible insulating layer but also facilitates non-abrasive closing action by the door wall of the furnace.

Abstract: There is disclosed a traveling grate apparatus wherein materials are treated at an elevated temperature for purposes such as sintering, pelletizing, calcining, and the like. In such apparatus, a grate and upstanding side plates form a channel for carrying the material along. Each side plate has along its inner face a bench for holding the material to be treated. As the treatment of material effects changes in the volume of the material, the material tends to lose contact with the side wall, but, by resting on the bench, a seal is provided to prevent direct passage of gases through the bed in the sidewall sections.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE78/00042 Sec. 371 Date Sept. 10, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Sept. 10, 1979 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1978 PCT Pub. No. WO79/00492 PCT Pub. Date July 26, 1979To fire a tunnel kiln with coal, the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker, and transported, by means of airtightly enclosed conveyor belts or chains connected to the bunker, to coal injectors operating as burners, which are provided in and distributed over the width of the firing zone of the kiln and connected to an air supply line, wherefrom compressed air is fed intermittently into the injectors, to blow in the coal which is there placed in a metered amount.

Abstract: In a process and plant for producing cool sintered particulate agglomerated solids of ore, the solids are moved in a continuous stream through a heat-treating zone to form a layer of the agglomerated solids and hot particles thereof are obtained from the layer. The hot particles are moved in a continuous stream into a structurally separate cooler which is heat-insulated from the heat-treating zone and through the cooler in a cooling path. Cooling air is blown into the cooler to flow countercurrently to the continuous stream of hot particles in the cooling path to subject the hot particles to forced countercurrent cooling whereby the cooling air is heated by contact with the hot particles and the entire heated cooling air is delivered into the heat-treating zone.

Abstract: An end block adapted for use on a kiln car includes a refractory body having a transverse projection at a front end and a transverse recess at a rear end. The recess is dimensioned to receive therewithin a projection on the front end of another block with a loose fit therebetween. A sealing layer of resilient refractory material may be disposed within the recess for contact with the front end projection of another block.

Abstract: A retractable gantry heat treat furnace includes an elongated refractory bed mounted upon a floor for supporting metal parts for heat treatment. A pair of spaced tracks are mounted upon the floor upon opposite sides of the bed and extend longitudinally outward from one end thereof. An upright bulkhead is mounted upon said floor at the other end of said bed transversely thereof. An upright furnace housing having a closed end and an open end is movably mounted upon the tracks and has a retracted load position outwardly of said bed and adapted to move to a closed position over and enclosing said bed and sealed against said bulkhead. A series of spaced inwardly directed burners are mounted upon and along the side walls of the housing in communication with the interior thereof and are adapted for energization when the housing is in a closed position.

Abstract: The present invention refers to improvements to an industrial oven for the calcining of lime stone, and more specifically to an oven whose combination of the means which form it makes it possible, through a horizontal process, to uniformly calcine rock or lime stone, transporting for such purpose the material to be calcined on a transporting element which glides over rollers which in turn rotate on their own axis resting on multiple points of support.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln for use in rebaking carbonaceous moldings impregnated with tar, pitch or the like, consisting of a preheating zone, a baking zone and a cooling zone, which comprises providing arch shafts in the kiln ceiling, providing a plurality of gas recirculating devices communicating with said arch shafts and heating gas blow-in holes of the lower portion of side wall in the preheating zone and the baking zone, and further providing, above the heating gas passages or combustion chambers mounted on a number of connected kiln cars, muffles consisting of receiving plate, bottom plate, holder, cover having in its upper surface a number of tar gas discharge openings, and seal, which muffles accommodating said moldings to be rebaked.

Abstract: A sintering furnace for sintering magnetic-ceramic articles is in the form of a quick-firing carriage furnace having a cooling system for indirect cooling in a cooling zone, having a sluice chamber at its outlet-end and being gastight at its base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grate plate arrangement for a travelling grate in which the grate plates bear with their front highly curved portion on a grate pin and with their rear less curved portion on the following grate plate, a web provided at the lower side of each grate plate being connected to a three-armed holder which engages beneath said grate pin and the following grate pin and thus prevents the grate plate pivoting up.

Abstract: A kiln of relatively simple design and low-cost construction is provided for firing ceramic ware. The kiln is of the shuttle type consisting generally of a rectangular enclosing structure with a movable floor which may consist of cars for supporting the ware. Burners are located along the lower part of each side wall and provided with air in excess of that required for combustion to produce high velocity streams of hot gas flowing vertically upward along the inside of the walls. The hot gas is redirected downward to flow through the ware and exhausted below the ware into horizontal flues on each side of the kiln from which gas is aspirated into the high velocity vertical gas streams for recirculation.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln consisting of a succession of tunnel sections assembled from prefabricated large-surface side panels and ceiling panels supported on a tunnel frame of structural steel, at least some of the panels being removable for access to the kiln. Similar panels mounted on railcars form the bottom portion of the kiln. The panels are composed of multiple layers of different materials, the material and thickness of the surface layers being adapted to different heat resistance requirements, while the overall dimensions of the composite panels remain the same.

Abstract: Tunnel kiln preheat and firing section arrangement. The firing section includes a plurality of excess air burners based along each side thereof and a plurality of exhaust ports disposed between adjacent burners. The hot combustion products from the burners plus entrained air are directed upward through damper controlled slots disposed adjacent the walls of the kiln firing section. The hot gases stream upward along the kiln wall, over along the kiln roof, downward and through the stacks of ware to be fired and then are drawn upward again with the stream of burner combustion products so as to form a powerful current of recirculating hot gases which provides a uniform firing temperature throughout the stacks of ware to be processed. The preheat section uses the hot gases exhausted from the firing section, such gases being introduced at the bottom, circulated upward, in the same manner and with the same effect as the gases in the firing section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the heat treatment of materials on a traveling hearth mounted on a horizontal plane and rotated on a vertical axis within a substantially air-tight enclosure. The materials on the hearth are deposited thereon in separate and distinct rows and retained in separate rows while undergoing heat treatment within the enclosure. The material in one of said rows is capable of evolving volatiles when the materials are subjected to a heat treatment and the evolved volatiles rise and are dispersed in the upper portion of the enclosure where the same will combine with an oxidant such as air and/or oxygen which is admitted into this portion of the enclosure. The mixture of evolved volatiles and oxidants such as air and/or oxygen will combust in the upper portion of the enclosure.

Abstract: In a grate bar for use in supporting grate keys, a casting of high carbon steel is formed having a web portion and integral upper and lower flanges therewith, and a series of gussets and end plates to provide the structure for strengthening and securement of the grate bar to the drive link and slide block customarily found in an incinerator or conveyor. The upper flange of the grate bar incorporates a slot to facilitate the insertion and mounting of the various keys while the arranged gussets are formed having a reduced dimension proximate their upper portions to provide clearance for the lateral shift of the keys during their installation. The entire grate bar, and generally its web and flange portions are designed having a tapered shape when viewed in cross section, with the thickest portion of these bar components being located at the juncture between the web and the lower flange to withstand the maximum stress that is usually generated and focused at this location in a grate bar.

Abstract: This invention relates to the heat induration of formed bodies of ore such as green iron ore pellets on a travelling grate and more particularly to an improved, simplified combustion chamber construction.

Abstract: A baking method and a kiln to bake many tiles rapidly and continuously which comprises providing endless chains, set fire-proof L-shaped supporting parts that tiles are inserted into, which are provided with an inserting apparatus that puts tiles to be baked intermittently and nearly horizontally at the front end and a rotating loop belt, to receive baked tiles, covered by a wall for keeping them hot at the rear end, and, rotating said chains in and beside the kiln and passing tiles to be baked with holding them in a standing position through the kiln.