Abstract: A system for the abatement of industrial process emissions comprises a catalytic oxidizer and a selective catalytic reduction bank integrated into a single housing. The system utilizes at least two regenerative chambers in a controlled abatement process. The integrated system removes volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and toxic oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) from the process emissions. The singular housing of the present invention is efficient and eliminates the need for more than one supplementary heat source, while eliminating major pollutants from the emissions.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) is constructed to receive polluted waste gases from an industrial process, cleanse the gas and permit cleansed gas to exit the RTO to the environment. The RTO includes a lower section having an inlet to receive polluted or incoming gas, and a centrally positioned rotary distributor in the lower section for cooperation in controlling gas flow via a segmented center section. The rotary distributor is substantially smaller than the lower section and is of a substantially smaller cross section. Incoming gas is directed to a middle section segment(s), fills the segment(s) and then flows through a peripheral opening to a segmented upper section where it passes through a heat exchanger to a combustion chamber where it is oxidized or cleansed. From there cleansed gas passes through another upper section segment through a heat exchanger and back to center section segment(s).

Abstract: A heat exchanger burn-out process for regenerative thermal oxidizers includes the steps of passing a super-heated gas through one of the heat exchangers and into the combustion chamber. The gas is preferably heated in a selectively opened injection line that includes a burner. The burner is designed to superheat the injection gas to a cleaning temperature. The cleaning temperature is selected to be high enough as to volatilize and/or combust the organic solids that are expected within the heat exchanger. The injection line is associated with one of the heat exchangers, and the other two of the normal three heat exchangers on the regenerative thermal oxidizer are switched between a supplemental injection mode, wherein cooling gas is injected through that heat exchanger, and an outlet mode wherein gas from the combustion chamber leads outwardly through the heat exchanger to an outlet manifold.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidizer includes a heat exchange column formed of body which defines at least one entire flow passage through the heat exchanger. The structure of the heat exchange column assists in purging residual gas to be cleaned from the heat exchanger prior to that regenerative heat exchanger moving into a mode where it receives the cleaned gas. The heat exchanger columns preferably have 70 to 80 percent of their surface area used as the flow passages. In a further geometric arrangement made possible by the inventive heat exchanger described above, two heat exchanger columns are positioned on opposed sides of a combustion chamber. End faces of the two opposed heat exchangers transfer radiative heat energy from the hotter of the two heat exchanger end faces to the cooler of the two heat exchanger end faces. In this way, radiative heat energy is not lost, but is reused to heat the other of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: A single rotary valve is designed to control feed, purge and exit flow in a multiple bed regenerative fume incinerator system thereby replacing the large number of valves heretofore used to operate such a system. The housing of the rotary valve has ports for connection to at least one feed conduit, to at least one exit conduit, to at least 3 regenerator bed conduits and includes an annular opening on the valve axis for a purge gas conduit. The purge gas conduit extends through the annular opening and connects to an interior cavity of the valve rotor which has a peripheral opening registrable individually with the regenerator bed ports. The valve rotor divides the interior chamber of the valve housing into a feed subchamber and an exit subchamber and includes a sealing plenum preventing leakage from the feed subchamber to the exit subchamber.

Abstract: A refractory system for a reactor for producing carbon black. The system comprises a plurality of refractory bricks having an elongate axis arranged to provide at least one path through which a gas can flow. The path extends substantially perpendicular to the elongate axis and a plurality of the refractory bricks present a cross-sectional aspect to the gas How which decreases, in the downstream direction, from a maximum aspect to reduce dead regions in gas flow adjacent the refractory bricks.

Abstract: A rotary kiln (10) is employed which is inclined downwardly from its charge end (12) to its discharge end (14) and has a maximum length to breadth ratio of 5:1. The interior space of the kiln (10) is heated by means of at least one burner (B1, B2) directed into the kiln from one end thereof to a substantially constant elevated process temperature. Material is fed into the kiln (10) so that it occupies a maximum of 10% of the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the kiln (10) at the charge end (12). Upon entering the kiln the material is subjected almost immediately to the required process temperature. As it moves along the bottom of the kiln (10) from the charge to the discharge end (14), heat transfer to the material is primarily by radiation from the combustion space and from the lining of the kiln (10).

Abstract: A pipestill heater capable of increasing heat efficiency without using a large-sized oxidizing agent heating unit. The pipestill heater includes a radiation section and a convection section for preheating process fluid by exhaust gas of an elevated temperature discharged through a gas discharge path. A combustion device including a combination of a burner and a heat exchanger is arranged on a furnace floor constituting a part of a furnace wall. The heat exchanger includes a regenerator heated by exhaust gas to heat an oxidizing agent and a duct structure including an oxidizing agent passage and an exhaust passage. The regenerator is rotated relative to both passages. Exhaust gas is guided through both a gas discharge path and an exhaust passage.

Abstract: A valve flushing system supplies a cleaning gas to a relatively large plenum, which in turn communicates with a restricted passage directing the flow along a face of the valve disk. In a main feature of this invention, a flushing gas flow moves through a restricted path along a face of a valve disk away from a valve disk contact area with a valve seat. In this way, the flushing gas prevents a potential leakage gas flow from approaching the valve/valve seat interface. In this way, leakage is reduced. Although the efficiency of the system may be reduced by a small amount, the resulting prevention of leakage more than justifies this potential small decrease in efficiency. The use of the relatively large plenum ensures that there will be complete and adequate coverage of the valve disk preventing any leakage across the valve disk. In an important feature of this invention, supply passages extend into the plenum along a direction which does not include a component moving in the direction of the valve disk.

Abstract: A regenerative device can thermally treat gases. This device has a housing with a gas inlet and a gas outlet. A cage having a central interior is rotatably mounted in the housing between the inlet and the outlet. A plurality of gas permeable blocks are mounted peripherally in the cage around its central interior to provide therethrough: (a) an incoming flow path from the inlet to the central interior, and (b) an outgoing flow path from the central interior to the gas outlet. This incoming flow path within the blocks is non-converging. A drive motor can rotate the cage to move blocks successively past the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: A damper system for three bed thermal regenerative oxidizers is disclosed, which employs two blades pivotally mounted in a body having two chambers separated by a septum. The first chamber receives an inlet gas through a first aperture and has a second aperture providing a flow path to a first regenerator bed. The second chamber incorporates a third aperture communicating with a second regenerator and a fourth aperture communicating with a third regenerator. The septum intermediate the first and second chambers incorporates a fifth aperture for communication between the chambers. Positioning of the first damper blade to seal the fifth aperture allows flow from the inlet to the first regenerator bed. Repositioning of the first blade to a second position covering the second aperture allows flow from the inlet through the aperture in the septum into the second chamber and through the third aperture to the second regenerative bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel heating furnace which permits free setting of an in-furnace temperature pattern or gradient as desired. A steel heating furnace 1 includes at least one or more burner systems of regenerative heating, each being arranged to supply a combustion air and exhaust a combustion gas through a regenerative bed. Those burner systems are disposed in each of plural zones which are defined within a single furnace body, or in each of unit furnaces 2. The unit furnaces 2 are interconnected to form a single furnace body. The amount of combustion may be controlled for each zones or each unit furnaces 2 to enable free variation of in-furnace temperature per zone or per unit furnace 2 so that a desired in-furnace temperature pattern gradient in the entire furnace 1 may be set easily. The steel heating furnace 1 may be constructed with a required length and in-furnace temperature pattern, by interconnecting the unit furnaces.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a heat recovery type combustion apparatus which has a regeverative member of ceramic material attached to the lateral wall of the main body of the combustion apparatus, a rotary duct set in place and adapted to communicate with the regeverative member, an air conduit for allowing flow of combustion air and an exhaust gas conduit for allowing flow of exhaust gas arising from combustion of fuel in the combustion apparatus both formed in the interior of the rotary duct, and rotary means adapted to rotate the rotary duct and enable the combustion air to be heated with the exhaust gas through the medium of the regeverative member.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for oxygen-enriched combustion of a fuel in an industrial furnace in which a preheated primary oxidant from a heat exchanger and a fuel to be combusted are introduced into a combustion chamber and ignited, a secondary oxidant having an oxygen concentration in excess of the concentration of oxygen in air is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the flame, and the resulting combustion products are exhausted. In accordance with one embodiment, the secondary oxidant comprises preheated oxidant aspirated from the heat exchanger using industrial-grade oxygen, resulting in an oxygen-enriched mixture being injected into the combustion chamber downstream of the flame. As a result, NO.sub.x emissions are reduced without adverse effects on the overall furnace operation.

Abstract: An apparatus having an incineration chamber and at least one burner for oxidizing fumes is provided. First and second regenerators are in fluid communication with the incineration chamber, as is a bypass which introduces unburnt fumes to the incineration chamber without passing them through either of the regenerators. While the fumes are in the bypass, a purging device, including a purge fan and accompanying conduits and valves, introduces a purge gas to either one of the regenerators to force unburnt fumes therefrom. The purged fumes and the purge gas are mixed with the incoming fumes from the bypass in an annular plenum downstream of the purged regenerator before they are introduced to the incineration chamber for oxidation. The flow of incoming fumes to the system may be continuous, even during purging, and the purge fan may also be continuously operated.

Abstract: A regenerative burner having heat storage units with combustion effluent/combustion air ducts therethrough, fuel intake means and a burner body, wherein the burner is designed to suppress NOx formation and to control flame shape and characteristic in the regenerative system during combustion. The regenerative burner may include a burner baffle, or may include a plurality of gas jets entrained in generally converging fashion for control of the flame characteristics and shape dispositive of NOx formation. The burner may provide for staged combustion, either by means of sequential fuel injection or sequential provision of combustion air, or the burner may depress NOx formation by vitiation of combustion air with products of combustion. The present regenerative burners suppress NOx formation yet preserve the remaining characteristic features of regenerative systems.

Abstract: Combustible impurities in oxygen-containing offgases are burnt according to a method and by an apparatus of the type in which at least some of the heat of combustion is recovered by a regenerative heat exchange in two identical heat exchange zones (10, 11) containing a solid heat exchange material and separated by a combustion chamber (15). The air or gas to be purified flows through both of the heat exchange zones and by means of valves (1, 2, 3, 4). The direction of flow is changed periodically so that the two zones are alternately heated and cooled in periods of 0.1-60 minutes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a regenerative thermal oxidizer apparatus and a method for purifying gases by thermal oxidation and by exchange of heat by inleting and outleting gases. The oxidizer has at least three regenerative thermal chamber units and these units have on a single surface both an inlet opening and an outlet opening which are typically connected to inlet and outlet gases. Set against the inlet and outlet openings is a slidable gate which has a single opening which moves through cycles so that its single opening coincides with the inlet opening of its chamber unit, or a space which is closed between the inlet and outlet opening, or coincide with the outlet opening. In other words, the gate cycles between inleting gases, no gas movement, and outleting gases. There are means providing for moving the gate through the aforesaid cycle and, as mentioned, inlet ducts and outlet ducts connected to their respective openings.

Abstract: A radiant tube furnace has a pair of regenerative burners firing alternately into opposite ends of the tube. There is a respective inlet at each end of the tube for admitting gas to the tube immediately adjacent to the wall thereof and these inlets communicate via a duct so that products of combustion are drawn from one end of the tube and introduced into the opposite end of the tube, where the burner is firing.

Abstract: A method of operating an industrial furnace, the steps that include providing a process heating zone containing heat exchange tubing for flowing process fluid through the zone; providing first and second fuel combustion zones, and first and second heat regeneration zones; during a first time interval flowing a first stream of air through the first regeneration zone to be preheated therein, flowing the preheated air stream to the first combustion zone to support combustion of fuel therein producing a flame and hot combustion gases, transferring heat from the flame and the hot gases to the heat exchange tubing in the process heating zone, and then flowing the hot gases to the second heat regeneration zone for extracting heat from the gases at the second regeneration zone; and during a second time interval flowing a second stream of air through the second regeneration zone to be preheated therein, flowing the second preheated air stream to the second combustion zone to support combustion of fuel therein producin

Abstract: The present invention is a regenerative gas incineration apparatus having three heat regenerators containing refractory heat exchange material. Gas is cycled through the regenerators first in one direction, then in another. The regenerators are each connected to combustion chamber having an air-fuel system and at least one burner. A system of valved ductwork is utilized to direct gas to be processed into and upwardly through a heating first regenerator into the combustion chamber, downwardly through a cooling second regenerator and exhausting the processed gas to the atmosphere. The temporarily idle third regenerator is purged of partially treated gas remaining from a previous cycle and this gas is directed to the combustion chamber. The flow of the gas through the system is periodically changed enable the heat recovered by cooling regenerator in the previous cycle to be used to heat incoming gas in the next.

Abstract: A regenerative burner having heat storage units with combustion effluent/combustion air ducts therethrough, fuel intake means and a burner body, wherein the burner is designed to suppress NOx formation and to control flame shape and characteristic in the regenerative system during combustion. The regenerative burner may include a burner baffle, or may include a plurality of gas jets entrained in generally converging fashion for control of the flame characteristics and shape dispositive of NOx formation. The burner may provide for staged combustion, either by means of sequential fuel injection or sequential provision of combustion air, or the burner may depress NOx formation by vitiation of combustion air with products of combustion. The present regenerative burners suppress NOx formation yet preserve the remaining characteristic features of regenerative systems.

Abstract: A regenerative bed is operated in a separate, additional cleaning cycle by heating the regenerative bed media to a temperature above the condensation temperature of contaminants in order to liquify and drain of the same off of the bed media. In the preferred embodiment shown, this is accomplished by over riding the normal cycling of the regenerative beds so as to retain a subject bed in a fluing mode for an abnormal amount of time (trading bed efficiency for the heating of the bed). The beds preferably also incorporate an escape opening 13 to drain off the contaminants.

Abstract: A regenerative burner system comprises two burners alternately fired and each having an air and fuel supply thereto traversing separate heat exchangers. The arrangement is such that the hot gases exhausted from the furnace during firing of the one and the other burners traverse the heat exchangers associated with the other and the one burners, respectively, relinquishing heat thereto whereby both the fuel and the air supply to each burner extracts heat from its associated heat exchanger during the firing cycle of that burner. By heating both the fuel and the air input to the regenerative system, fuels of low calorific value, e.g. blast furnace gas or any gases low in or devoid of hydrocarbons may be efficiently utilized to provide a stable high temperature flame without the need for enrichment with `pilot` fuels.

Abstract: An improved immersion tube heater means is disclosed for uniformly and reliably heating oils to a temperature below the oil's critical physical breakdown temperature so as to avoid damage to the oil and coating the tube with damaged oil byproducts.

Abstract: Exhaust gases are constrained to pass through a chamber with walls of heat retaining material. Air to be preheated is passed through pipes within the chamber the pipes transferring heat from the exhaust gases to the air or from the walls to the air when the walls have been preheated to a high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low NOx radiant tube burner. The radiant tube burner consists of; a primary combustion chamber which is located outside of the furnace and having an injection outlet of the combustion gas located approximately more inside of the furnace than the bung of the radiant tube, a primary fuel nozzle which injects primary fuel into the primary combustion chamber, and a secondary fuel nozzle which is surrounded with refractory material and injects secondary fuel into the radiant tube from the area adjacent to the injection outlet. Approximately the total amount of the combustion air is supplied into the primary combustion chamber with primary fuel under a high excess air ratio creating primary combustion. The low concentration of oxygen remaining in the primary combustion gas combined with the secondary fuel creates secondary combustion.

Abstract: A method for heating stock comprises feeding stock 9 to be heated into a heating chamber 1, causing heating gas to enter the heating chamber 1 to heat the stock 9 and leave the heating chamber 1 after heating the stock 9 and then removing the stock 9 from the heating chamber 1 on completion of heating, the heating gas being allowed to enter the heating chamber 1 by way of a plenum chamber 2,3 which communicates with the heating chamber 1. The heating gas may be supplied by a regenerative burner 4,5 as fuel combustion products. Where there are two such burners 4,5 one may be firing while the other is flueing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repressing NOx formation in twinned regenerative burner pairs includes inducing a stream of hot flue gas, preferably containing enriched products of combustion, from the main hot flue gas exhaust stream and vitiating the preheated combustion air with the hot flue gas in the firing burner. An interconnecting duct communicating with the twinned burner pair includes a coaxial gas nozzle for injecting a high kinetic energy gas stream into the exhausting hot flue gas to induce a portion of the hot flue gas into the interconnecting duct to pass the hot flue gas to the firing burner for vitiation purposes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device for pre-heating waste metal for furnaces, fuel gases generated in a furnace (1) being supplied simultaneously or sequentially to two pre-heating places (3, 4) with waste metal containers (14), said flue gases being made to flow through a combustion chamber (19) provided with a burner (20) before being supplied to the pre-heating places (3, 4), said burner (20) producing a variable amount of hot gases for admixture with the flue gases from the furnace (1) and superheating thereof. After flowing through the waste metal containers (14) burnt flue gases are supplied to a gas cleaning plant (5) for flue gases and unburnt flue gases to the combustion chamber (19) for further combustion, after which the flue gases now burnt are supplied to said gas cleaning plant (5).

Abstract: A regenerator for a regenerative heating system comprises a chamber 2 for storing a heat storage bed in the form of discrete particles 45, a closable inlet 16 for introducing fresh particles into the chamber 2 to replace contaminated particles and a closable outlet 18 for removing the contaminated particles from the chamber 2 so that the fresh particles may be introduced.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for the flow control of the flue gas to combustion air ratio in a reversible regenerative heating system of the type comprising a pair of regenerators, a first line 7 for supplying air to the regenerators, a second line 8 for removing flue gas from the regenerators, and valves 9,10 respectively for controlling the flow rate of air in the first line 7 and the flow rate of the flue gas in the second line 8. The apparatus comprises a third line 21 adapted to provide a slave flow of fluid proportional to the flow rate of the flue gas, thermistor type anemometers 17 and 18 for sensing the flow rates of combustion air and fluid and a ratio controller 24 for adjusting the flue gas damper valve 10 in accordance with the flow rates so sensed to maintain the ratio of the flue gas to combustion air at a predetermined ratio.

Abstract: A compact and maintenance-free means and method of regenerating the sensible heat from flue gases of fossil fuel furnaces by heat exchange through two circular layers of rock beds rotating under two semi-circular mantles with the first mantle applying hot flue gases to the beds and the second withdrawing preheated ambient air needed for combustion by said furnaces. When used for power plant flue gas treatment, layers of acid-resistant pipes containing boiler feedwater are sandwiched between the two rock bed layers to usefully recover the heat units arising from moisture condensation. The enormous water of condensation collects flyash and sulphur dioxide thus removing these pollutants from the stack gases. The heavy rock beds rotate slowly beneath the fixed mantles in a circular, pan-shaped, steel vessel floating on and cooled by a circular pond of water. Friction of rotation is minimal and gas leakage principally prevented by liquid seals. When flue gas temperature rises, as above 600 degrees F.

Abstract: A multi-outlet burner for heating material. Nozzles are positioned along a longitudinally extending portion of the burner that generally parallels the material surface. Combustion gas and fuel are combined at each nozzle to produce a plurality of flames that are directed in a sweeping direction over the surface.

Abstract: A system for preheating air being fed to a continuous fired furnace by means of high temperature waste gases exhausted from the furnace. The system includes two pairs of interconnected regenerators. The regenerators of one pair are alternately connected by means of a reversing valve to an ambient air inlet and a waste gas exhaust stack, and the regenerators of the other pair are alternately connected by means of a second reversing valve to the furnace's waste gas outlet duct and combustion air inlet duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for waste heat recovery and reduction in industrial furnaces and heating equipment. The method of heat recovery comprises directing the exhaust gases through a system of channels inside the refractory wall where heat from the flue gases is transferred to the refractory lining and also to the combustion air traveling inside of a heat exchanger also located inside said channels. The high temperature exhaust flue gases traveling along said channels increase the hot face temperature of the refractory wall and reduce the heat flux from the working chamber through the refractory wall. An apparatus for the realization of the heat recovery method includes a flue duct, a recuperator, hot air piping and a hot air burner, all located inside the furnace wall refractory lining.

Abstract: A checkerwork for two upright regeneration chambers of a glass melting furnace defines a multiplicity of adjacently arranged vertical passages alternatingly providing upwardly directed fresh air flow and downwardly directed exhaust flow, the passages being connected by vertically spaced openings producing air turbulence, and the vertical distance between vertically adjacent openings becoming progressively smaller towards the uppermost checkerwork region.

Abstract: A burner for use in a heat regeneration system for a combustion furnace. The burner includes a burner shell having two internal chambers, wherein the first chamber is disposed on the flame axis of the burner, and the second chamber surrounds the radial perimeter of the first chamber. A gas permeable, annular regenerative bed separates the first and second chambers such that gas flow between the first and second chambers must travel through the regenerative bed in a direction which is generally radial with respect to the flame axis. The burner has "flue" and "fire" modes of operation. Valving elements are included for supplying combustion air to the second chamber under pressure when the burner is in the fire mode, and for exhausting products of combustion (POC) from the second chamber when the burner is in the flue mode. In the disclosed embodiment, the burner valving elements are annular and integral with the burner body.

Abstract: A heat recuperator and a method for recuperating heat from a furnace having a nozzle-mix burner to enhance the efficiency of combustion of one or more burners associated with the furnace. The recuperator comprises an exhaust tube which is connectable to a furnace combustion chamber for receiving heated exhaust gas therethrough. The exhaust tube has an outer cylindrical wall and an inner metallic tube concentrically supported therein. An annular space is defined between the outer cylindrical wall and the inner tube. The inner tube is formed, in at least a major length thereof, with a plurality of corrugations. An air inlet connection is provided at an inlet end of the annular space downstream of the exhaust tube. The annular space also has an outlet upstream of the exhaust tube adjacent an inlet end thereof and connectable to a burner supplying same with heated combustion air.

Abstract: In a parallel flow regenerative shaft furnace having at least two furnace shafts and a transfer duct interconnecting the furnace shafts, limestone and similar mineral raw materials are calcined by operating the furnace shafts alternately, one as a calcining or parallel flow shaft and the other as a counterflow shaft, with burnt lime being discharged uncooled at the lower end of a calcining zone of the particular calcining shaft.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and method of recovering a portion of the waste heat produced in a high temperature industrial process, such as a glass melting furnace, where the furnace has at least a pair of regenerators which are alternately used to preheat the combustion air and serve as hot exhaust heat storage means. The hot exhaust gases from the process are passed through a heat exchanger where the heat is indirectly transferred to the clean compressed air at 100 psi from the compressor of a Brayton cycle energy recovery system with the hot compressed air being expanded in a high performance turbine. The exhaust from the turbine will be at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 750.degree. F. and 900.degree. F. This turbine exhaust is fed to the opposite side regenerator as clean preheated combustion air.

Abstract: A system for recovering clean hot air from a regenerative, glass melting furnace. The furnace, which may be either a side-port or end-port furnace, is constructed in the conventional manner, but a passageway is provided which connects accross the top chambers of the furnace. This passage, at its center, is connected to a heat exchanger, and hot air will pass through the heat exchanger while the furnace is being operated with either side being the firing side while the opposite side is the exhaust side. No valving is necessary to isolate the passage from the exhaust side because of the natural pressure drop existing thereacross.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for selective control of combustion gas flow in a furnace firing port in a furnace of the type having a plurality of firing ports, each port having a passageway for receiving combustion gas, e.g. preheated air, from a common plenum chamber, wherein the chamber includes a back or target wall in opposed spaced relationship to each of the passageways. A flow control pipe is inserted through a plenum wall directed toward the passageway between the plenum and port. A small quantity of pressurized gas, e.g. air, is injected generally along the flow path of combustion air in the plenum toward passageway to alter the amount of combustion air flowing into the port. In a preferred embodiment, combustion air is increased by injecting air through a target wall flow control pipe cocurrent with the flow to induce additional flow into the port and combustion air is decreased by injecting air countercurrent to the flow adjacent to the passageway to impede flow into the port.

Abstract: In a multiport combustion furnace having a plurality of firing ports in undivided communication with a common source of combustion gas or air, the invention provides a method and apparatus for selective control of combustion air flow into one or more of the ports. A small quantity of pressurized gas, e.g. air, is injected, e.g. by way of a flow control pipe in an individual port, generally along the flow path of combustion air through the port to alter the amount of combustion air flowing into the port for mixing with fuel. Combustion air is increased by injecting air cocurrent with the combustion air flow to induce additional flow into the port. Combustion air is decreased by injecting air countercurrent to the flow to impede flow through the port.

Abstract: The outside walls of the regenerator of a glass melting furnace is coated with a high temperature silicone elastomer. Several coats are applied in those areas of high differential pressure and low relative resistance to air flow therethrough. The cleanout panels in particular are provided with several coats.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a regenerator furnace which is useful in making glass, the regenerator furnace including burner pipes, each burner pipe having a generally square or rectangular cross section, the upper part or cover of each pipe being built with monolithic elements made of refractory material and of sufficient extent for each upper element to rest at its ends on the refractory elements forming port side walls, these lateral elements themselves resting on refractory elements forming the base of the pipes.

Abstract: A freely diagonally staggered regenerator lattice structure includes successive courses of rows of rectangular runner bricks and courses of rows of rectangular header bricks. Each header brick has formed in opposite side surfaces thereof recesses extending from a lower surface thereof to an upper surface thereof. The height of each header brick is 55 to 60% of the sum of the height of header brick and the height of a runner brick. The height of each runner brick is 40 to 45% of such sum. The header bricks of upper courses may have end projections which fit into recesses in the runner bricks of the next lower course of runner bricks.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system for preheating scrap before charging in an electric furnace and for preventing the release of malodorous or noxious gas. The system includes a first duct leading from the furnace exhaust gas outlet to a chimney; a branching duct is connected in the first line for passing part of the gas to the chimney and for diverting the remainder of the gas to a scrap preheater. After preheating the scrap, the diverted gas is recirculated back to the first line at a junction which is adjacent the furnace outlet. The system further includes gas combustion means connected in the first line between the junction and the branching duct, and a heat equalizer-accumulator in the first line between the combustion means and the chimney. The system may further include a heat exchanger connected in the first line downstream of the branching duct and a second line for passing the diverted gas through the heat exchanger after it leaves the scrap preheater.

Abstract: A recovery-type furnace for the indirect transfer of heat between two gaseous fluids flowing in opposite directions comprises two heat exchanging units which function alternately as a heating and a heated unit and which operate on a reversing cycle of a few seconds to several minutes. Each exchanging unit is packed with at least one bed of ceramic particles that rest on a metal or ceramic support. The direction of gas flow is controlled by reversing devices so that the hot gaseous fluid flows to the top of the particle bed of the heated unit and, upon cooling, passes through the bed support and from the bottom of the particle bed downwardly through the unit.

Abstract: A continuous regenerative tank-type glass melting furnace having a plurality of burner ports along each side in communication with a longitudinally extending plenum. Beneath and extending throughout the length of each plenum is a checkerbrick structure supported upon longitudinally extending arches carried by transverse walls. The walls divide the area beneath the checkerbricks into a plurality of chambers, each chamber being below a corresponding one of the ports. A tunnel joins each chamber to a common manifold connected to a reversing combustion air and exhaust gas system. Each tunnel is provided with a damper for varying its effective cross-sectional area, thereby permitting improved regulation of the flow distribution of exhaust gases and combustion air through the regenerators.