Abstract: [Problem] To provide: a molten metal plating furnace that can increase plating quality and work efficiency; a system for producing and method for producing a metal plated product; and a metal plated steel tube obtained by means of the method for producing.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A melter apparatus includes a floor, a ceiling, and a substantially vertical wall connecting the floor and ceiling at a perimeter of the floor and ceiling, a melting zone being defined by the floor, ceiling and wall, the melting zone having a feed inlet and a molten glass outlet positioned at opposing ends of the melting zone. The melting zone includes an expanding zone beginning at the inlet and extending to an intermediate location relative to the opposing ends, and a narrowing zone extending from the intermediate location to the outlet. One or more burners, at least some of which are positioned to direct combustion products into the melting zone under a level of molten glass in the zone, are also provided.

Abstract: A method and system of temperature control of heavy hydrocarbons in a consist of rail cars is disclosed wherein waste heat from one or more of the locomotives propelling the train is utilized to heat the heavy hydrocarbons in a consist or ambient air is used to cool the heavy hydrocarbon cargo. The train is typically comprised of tanker cars that can be filled with raw heavy hydrocarbon, not dilbit thus allowing about 20% to about 30% additional heavy hydrocarbon to be transported in each tanker car. The system can keep the heavy hydrocarbon at a first, lower temperature en route and increase temperature to a second higher temperature as the train nears its terminus so that the tanker cars can be quickly emptied of their contents at the receiving terminal without the need to heat the tanker cars at the unloading terminal. The method disclosed herein for heating tanker cars in transit is to utilize waste heat from the locomotive diesel or gas turbine engines which is otherwise exhausted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An evaporator for vaporizing an organic material to be deposited on a flexible substrate where the evaporator includes an evaporation tube having a wall encompassing a cavity for vaporizing the organic material, at least one heating device arranged adjacent to the wall and being adapted to heat the evaporation tube, and at least one nozzle assembly protruding from the evaporation tube. The nozzle assembly further comprises a nozzle cover with an opening, and a shutter for selectively opening and closing the opening of the nozzle cover. The shutter is adapted to have in operation of the evaporation tube a temperature within a shutter temperature range of 140° C. such that the temperature of the nozzle cover is within the shutter temperature range.

Abstract: A material feed system for melter kettles which provides an area for a tender to load material to be charged into a melter kettle at a location which is safely remote from a flame conductor assembly that allows any flames or gasses that build up in melter kettle to be released. The material feed system also includes an air intake duct through which free air is allowed to enter into the melter kettle so as to equalize pressure with the atmosphere and/or burn off any superheated material.

Abstract: An integrated heater assembly (190) is operable to provide a supply of solution from a tank (200). The assembly (190) includes a head arrangement (290) for mounting onto a hole of the tank (200), and a heating element (210) for selectively warming the solution in the tank (200), wherein the heating element (210) includes a duct through which fluid for heating the solution is operable to flow, and wherein the head arrangement (290) includes a valve (220) for controlling flow of the fluid within the duct. The valve (220) is optionally retained in a snap-fit manner within a plastics material moulding of the head arrangement (290). Moreover, the valve (220) is optionally an electromagnetic solenoid valve. The assembly (109) is beneficially adapted for coping with urea solution in the tank (200).

Abstract: Systems for recycling waste plastic can include cartridges that are selectively sealable. Some cartridges can have elongated receptacles that improve heat transfer to plastic feedstock within the cartridges.

Abstract: A material feed system for melter kettles which provides an area for a tender to load material to be charged into a melter kettle at a location which is safely remote from a flame conductor assembly that allows any flames or gasses that build up in melter kettle to be released. The material feed system also includes an air intake duct through which free air is allowed to enter into the melter kettle so as to equalize pressure with the atmosphere and/or burn off any superheated material.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes radiation reflectors on the refractory wall of a fired furnace opposite the spaces between adjacent tubes. The refractory radiation reflectors have a base contiguous with the refractory surface and secured to a subjacent structure, and an isosceles triangular cross section with similar sides extending from the base. The base has a dimension less than the spaces between adjacent tubes to facilitate installation in a modular construction. The radiation reflectors focus the reflected radiation from the flame onto the dark side of the tubes. The invention increases the overall heat transfer of the tube by increasing the heat flux rate for the backside of the tube, and also decreases the flux and temperature differentials between the front and rear sides of the tubes.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes radiation reflectors on the refractory wall of a fired furnace opposite the spaces between adjacent tubes. The radiation reflectors focus the reflected radiation from the flame onto the dark side of the tubes. The invention increases the overall heat transfer of the tube by increasing the heat flux rate for the backside of the tube, and also decreases the flux and temperature differentials between the front and rear sides of the tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for evacuating liquid condensation from pipe systems which is particularly applicable to exhaust pipe systems in high efficiency furnaces. The apparatus forms a junction sleeve between two pipes and has drainage channels which prevent condensate liquid from flowing from one pipe into the other pipe. A thermoplastic rubber composition of the apparatus dampens noise and vibration in the pipe system. External grooves provide locating features for mounting clamps.

Abstract: This invention relates to a slow pull dryer comprising a rectangular water tank and a wave eliminator. The water tank has four vertical side-walls and a bottom plate with a water hole for filling hot water wherein the hot water filled in the water tank can spill out of the water tank from the top side of one predetermined side-wall. The wave eliminator is installed at the bottom of the water tank. The lower side of the wave eliminator has a rectangular recess facing downward, and the upper side of the wave eliminator has a line-shaped opening in parallel with the predetermined side-wall. The hot water from the water hole flows into the recess and its flowing speed is slowed down in the recess. The line-shaped opening allows the hot water in the recess flow upward into the upper portion of the water tank and form a panel-shaped vertical water flow.

Abstract: A coal/coke sample is heated under controlled circumstances as a step in determining content of volatile matter. The sample is placed in a crucible having a lid and which is suspended by means of a crucible holder in a heating cavity of a furnace. The invention provides precisely, mechanically guiding the crucible holder and crucible into and out of the cavity to prevent inadvertent touching of the cavity wall by the crucible and thus also to prevent possible dislodging of the lid and spoiling of the sample. The crucible holder is secured to a lid of the furnace, and the furnace lid is guided along upwardly extending guide rods. Lifting and lowering of the lid may be manually. Instead, it may be hydraulically or pneumatically.

Abstract: A catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide which comprises employing a catalyst which contains at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII (e.g., Ni, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh) and Group VIa (e.g., Mo, W) in the Periodic Table on zinc oxide alone or on a composite containing zinc oxide and at least one metal oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIIb (e.g., Al, Ga) and Group IVa (e.g, Ti, Zr) in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for liquefying tires is shown in a first form including a plurality of tire modules (12) holding tires which are immersed in and preheated by a slurry located in a tank (22). After preheating, the tire module (12) and tires held thereon are removed from the preheat tank (22) and are immersed in a slurry located in a high temperature tank (28). The temperature of the slurry in the high temperature tank (28) is sufficient to liquify the tires. As the tires liquify, the slurry produced is retained in the high temperature tank (28) to immerse further tires and also overflows from the high temperature tank (28) to the preheat tank (22) and then to a storage tank (36). The slurry from the storage tank (36) can be pumped to the burner (42) of the heat exchanger (48) for heating the slurry in the high temperature tank (28) or can be used for other purposes.

Abstract: Device for setting the temperature of a sample selectively to different ves comprising a sample holder block having good thermal conductivity properties and at least one recess (14) for receiving a sample whose temperature is to be adjusted, and a device for adjusting the temperature of a sample holder block, wherein the device for adjusting the temperature of the sample holder block (12) comprises at least two bodies (18, 20) whose temperatures can be controlled via separate thermostats and whose temperatures can be adjusted to different values and wherein a transporter (30, 32, 34) is provided by a way in which the sample holder block (12) can be brought into thermal contact with one of the bodies (18, 20).

Abstract: A device for trapping reaction products and especially for generating and trapping decomposition products from thermal decomposition processes, including combustion, is described. Decomposition products of a solid sample are formed at the top end of an externally heated vertical decomposition tube and are channeled downward through a region of decreased diameter in which a trapping device is positioned. The trapping device consists of two vertical concentric tubes of which the top end of the inner tube is slightly lower than that of the outer tube. Water flows upward between the two concentric tubes, traps the decomposition products at the top, and drops down through the inner concentric tube. Products contained in the water are collected externally from the lower end of the trapping device for analysis. The insoluble gaseous products are collected by an external vacuum system after passing through the stream of water.

Abstract: A method for operation of a flash smelting furnace comprising a reaction shaft, a settler connected at one end thereof to the lower portion of the reaction shaft and having a slag discharge port and a matte discharge port disposed on the side thereof, an uptake connected to the other end of the settler and at least one concentrate burner disposed to at least one of the top of the reaction shaft and the ceiling of the settler, in which the concentrate burner comprises at least a concentrate shoot, an oxygen blowing tube inserted in the concentrate shoot and an auxiliary fuel burner inserted into the oxygen blowing tube. In this method, the lower end of the oxygen blowing tube is protruded downward to lower than the lower end of the concentrate shoot and an amount of oxygen at least greater than that required for the auxiliary fuel is blown as an industrial oxygen by way of the oxygen blowing tube into the furnace. Oxygen efficiency can be improved remarkably while the rate of dust occurrence can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a melting and metering assembly for meltable or liquid material.The melting and metering assembly comprises a tank/furnace (1) making it possible to heat the material in order to bring it to the melted or liquid state. It also possesses an intake nozzle (10) and a draw-off nozzle (11) for a floatation fluid for the meltable or liquid material, the nozzle (10, 11) being arranged at the base of the tank/furnace (1). The tank/furnace also has means (2) for drawing off the melted meltable or liquid material by overflow and means (3) for protecting the means (2) for drawing off by overlfow, making it possible to prevent the latter from being blocked by the unmelted meltable material. The invention is put into practice in apparatuses for the continuous production of emulsion used in the composition of pharmaceutical and/or nutritious products.

Abstract: The gradient oven for oriented solidification, in particular by the Bridgman method, comprises an enclosure (4) successively defining along a cartridge (7): a heating zone (1), an adiabatic zone (2), and a heat sink (3). Means (8) are provided for displacing the cartridge (7) at a predetermined speed relative to the enclosure (4). The adiabatic zone (2) of the gradient oven includes an outer fixed annular portion (21) mounted in fixed manner inside the enclosure (4), and a removable annular portion (22) which is coaxial with said fixed annular portion and which is mounted inside it, with the removable annular portion (22) being constituted by an assembly of components (221 to 224) having different thermal conductivities, thereby adapting the characteristics of the adiabatic zone (2) to the characteristics of the sample contained in the cartridge (7).

Abstract: A method of operating a flash smelting furnace which includes a reaction shaft, a concentrate burner disposed at the top of the reaction shaft, a settler disposed with one end thereof connected to the lower part of the reaction shaft, an uptake disposed as connected to the other end of the settler, and at least one lance pipe disposed through the ceiling of the settler between the reaction shaft and the uptake and adapted to permit forced supply of at least powdery raw materials and a reaction gas into the melt in the settler includes the steps of blowing the powdery raw materials containing only a small amount of incombustible substances and the reaction gas into the reaction shaft through the concentrate burner, blowing powdery raw materials containing at least incombustible substances through the lance pipe, and employing means capable of at least retaining the heat of the melt.

Abstract: A flash smelting furnace which comprises a reaction shaft, a concentrate combustion device disposed at the top of the furnace shaft, a settler disposed with one end thereof connected to the lower part of the reaction shaft, an uptake disposed as connected to the other end of the settler and at least one lance pipe extending through the ceiling of the settler between the reaction shaft and the uptake and adapted to blow at least powdery raw materials and a reaction gas into the melt inside the settler.

Abstract: Apparatus for melting by vapor-phase treatment a solder applied to an object. The liquid serving for vapor production, which is situated in a vessel, is heated by electrical heating means which are disposed exclusively outside of the vessel and are completely enveloped by a liquid heat-carrying medium. The vessel floor is provided with projections to increase the thermal transfer. A tubing coil is furthermore disposed in the heat-carrying medium for rapid cooling thereof.

Abstract: The main object of the invention is the limiting of corrosion in vapor-phase reflow soldering machines. Liquid chlorine and fluorine are used in the device for soldering in vapor phase. The decomposition of these elements by heat releases ions which, when brought in the presence of water, form hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. These acids corrode the tank through which the soldering method is used as well as the metallic elements of the soldered components. The device which is the object of the present invention eliminates water from the secondary liquid by isolating the vapors of these liquids from the atmosphere, preventing water from penetrating into the water-removal cartridge and providing for the water-removal process before fresh secondary liquid is brought into use. The invention applies mainly to reflow soldering in vapor phase.

Abstract: A multi-outlet burner for heating material. Nozzles are positioned along a longitudinally extending portion of the burner that generally parallels the material surface. Combustion gas and fuel are combined at each nozzle to produce a plurality of flames that are directed in a sweeping direction over the surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating at least two vapor zones, one above the other, by vaporizing a fluid mixture having at least two compounds therein having different vaporizing temperatures. The apparatus includes a chamber with vaporizing means, and vapor condensing means. Condensate recovery means is provided for recovering the condensed vapor and the condensate recovery means is in flow communication with a separation device for receiving the condensate from the condensate recovery means. The flow communication between the condensate recovery means and the separation device is external of the chamber. The separation means revaporizes the liquid with the lower vaporizing temperature for return to the vapor zone in the upper portion of the chamber and separates as a liquid the fluid having a higher vaporizing temperature.

Abstract: A hot oil extruder melter for melting solid blocks of coal tar enamel and the like comprises an enclosure with a plurality of interconnected elongated heating coils therein positioned to simultaneously engage, cut, and melt a coal tar enamel block positioned therein and moved therethrough.

Abstract: For liquefying hot melt adhesive, a hopper is provided at its lower region with one or more discrete upwards projections (for example a single, fluted cone), with means for heating the projection(s). In use, a unitary mass of hot melt adhesive is lowered into the hopper to become supported on the projection(s), as a result of which the unitary mass is progressively melted and the melted adhesive flows from the bottom of the hopper.

Abstract: A solid circular plate mounted above the existing stirrer in a melt grid spinning apparatus provides a positive hold-up time for melting flake descending from the melt grid to the melt pump beneath the grid.

Abstract: A device for automatically shutting off a sulfur melter when its supply of sulfur is exhausted or when sulfur bridging has occurred is disclosed. The shutoff uses a temperature value sensed at the top of the melter's sloping melter bottom and shuts the heat off when the sensed temperature exceeds a preset value related to sulfur's melting temperature. The device avoids jamming and maintenance problems inherent in the use of mechanical level controls in a powdered/molten sulfur environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vapor conservation and control for use with vapor phase soldering, degreasing, or similar systems having a tank into which work is introduced and removed. The air present above the processing vapor zone is drawn from the processing tank and cooled to condense the vapor, and the remaining air is then returned to the tank above the area of withdrawal. A negative pressure is preferably created at the tank entrance such that air flow is into the tank to prevent emission of vapor and pollutants from the tank into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A device for heating open melting baths, especially galvanizing baths, enameling baths, lead coating baths, metal baths, and glass baths, and the like, in tubs, or vats or tanks, wherein an inert gas is circulated through components of the open baths which are closed toward the gas side which are in the form of shafts, and through a heater, whereby the gas is introduced into the fluid of the bath into vertical shafts, arranged on each longitudinal and/or end side of the tub, or vat or tank, the gas then bubbling through the fluid and being withdrawn through a withdrawal channel positioned above the shafts. There is provided at least one ceramic partition extending into the fluid, which partition forms at least part of the vertical shafts, and having at least one bore or a slot the upper end of which is in communication with the gas inlet conduit and the lower end of which opens into a pertaining vertical shaft or has provisions for directing the gas into the shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for liquefying meltable material comprises a container adapted to be filled with the material to be liquefied. The container has a heavy bottom wall formed with closely adjacent perforations which taper in downward direction. The sum of the open cross-section of the perforations at the upper face of the bottom wall is only slightly smaller than the total area of the latter, whereas the sum of the smallest cross-sections of the perforations is only a small fraction of the total area of the bottom face of the bottom wall. The bottom wall is heated by electrical heating elements located in ribs separating the perforations from each other to a temperature to liquefy the material passing from the container into the perforations and the liquefied material flows in a collecting trough arranged below the container and separated by a heat insulating layer therefrom.

Abstract: A smelting furnace for metal such as aluminum or aluminum-base alloy having a relatively low melting point comprising a rotatable lower furnace body having an upper opening and an upper furnace body secured to a frame and having a lower opening for covering the opening of the lower furnace body. A feed inlet chamber is formed in a peripheral portion of the upper furnace body and positioned above the opening of the lower furnace body. The feed inlet chamber has opposite side walls extending downward to the upper edge of the lower furnace body to separate the feed inlet chamber from the interior chamber of the furnace.

Abstract: A device for heating open melting baths, especially galvanizing baths, enameling baths, lead coating baths, metal baths, and glass baths, and the like, in tubs, or vats or tanks, wherein an inert gas is circulated through components of the open bath which are closed toward the gas side, and through a heater, whereby the tub, or vat or tank includes at each longitudinal and/or end wall a plurality of conduit means, such as pipes, for introduction of the gas into the bath and whereby the gas is withdrawn above the conduit means through a draft flue at the edge of the tub, or vat or tank, which draft flue includes a vertical partition immersed in the bath. The device includes means for communicating a warm gas receiving means with the container for the melting bath which communicating means includes at least one ceramic block including passage means for communicating the warm gas receiving means with the container.

Abstract: Apparatus for melting solid particles of synthetic polymer is provided which features an enclosure in which at least one annular member and a heating unit are disposed. The heating unit zigzags in cross-section across the enclosure between the annular member and enclosure inlet. Jacket means substantially surrounds the enclosure at and downstream of a point corresponding to the heating unit. The annular member, heating unit, and jacket means are heated, preferably in series, to above the melt temperature of the solid synthetic polymer particles to provide melting surfaces for the polymer. The molten polymer is withdrawn through an outlet in the base of the enclosure.

Abstract: Continuous method and apparatus for treatment of a solid material submerged in a body of liquid wherein the material is sticky and/or has weak tensile strength. The material is supported, while it is so submerged, by a dynamic layer of the liquid lying between the material and a moving surface. The method is illustrated by heating and thereby foaming a strip of heat foamable thermoplastic resin while it is held submerged in a denser heat transfer liquid by a dynamic layer of that liquid generated by a moving belt above the foaming material. In an example, expandable high density polyethylene strip is foamed continuously while it is so held submerged in molten salt.

Abstract: A vessel for a molten substance for modifying the properties of objects of glass and similar materials, comprises an inner vessel and an outer vessel with an annular space defined therebetween, an elastic tongue connecting the inner vessel and the outer vessel, means in said space for guiding a heating gas including fins mounted on the inside of the outer vessel which also support the inner vessel and an upright web between the inner vessel and the outer vessel reinforcing the combined vessel structure and separating the hot gas guiding system into discrete sections on opposite sides of the web.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to maintaining a blanket of secondary vapor intermediate a hot primary vapor and the atmosphere, in a condensation heating facility, to prevent losses of the primary vapor to the atmosphere. A secondary liquid is transported through the secondary vapor into the hot primary vapors where the secondary liquid is vaporized to supplement the secondary vapor.

Abstract: Method and means are disclosed for converting substances from a solid state to a liquid state by melting. The invention is especially useful for liquifying organic substances, such as edible glycerides, that have a relatively low melting point and which must be guarded against degradation caused by overheating.

Abstract: A hot melt body for an applicator or dispenser of thermoplastic adhesive first received in solid form, either as a progressively fed rod or in another mode, is provided having especial advantage in a light-weight hand-type device. The main melt chamber and its auxiliary channels as well as their interconnecting passageways are of configuration and spacing to effect maximum efficiency in transfering melting heat from a heating means to the adhesive being liquefied. To this end, also, complemental portions of the body include passageways designed to provide minimum, substantially uniform resistance to advance of the solid adhesive along the length of the melt body.

Abstract: For the continuous melting of salts to be used for modifying the properties of objects of glass or similar materials, an apparatus is provided with inner and outer vessels, an annular chamber between the vessels for containing a heat exchange fluid, ribs on the outer walls of the inner vessel for guiding the heat exchange fluid and assisting heat exchange from the heat exchange fluid to the inner vessel, means for transferring heat to the heat exchange fluid, means for circulating the heat exchange fluid through the chamber, means for admitting the salt to the inner vessel, the inner vessel having an upper portion of a semi-circular profile defining a radiant heating surface for radiating heat downwardly onto the salt and having a lower portion of approximately triangular to parabolic profile defining a conduction heating surface for transferring heat to the salt by conduction, the upper surface to be formed by the salt charged to the inner vessel defining a melting surface and the ratio of the area of the ra

Abstract: A heat transfer liquid having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure at least equal to the temperature at which a soldering, fusing or brazing operation is to be performed, is floated on a pool of a liquifiable metal having a density greater than, a melting point below, and a heat of vaporization above, that of the liquid. The metal is heated to a temperature between its melting and boiling points, and at least to the boiling point of the liquid, to continuously boil the liquid to establish a body of hot, saturated vapor having a density greater than that of air at atmospheric pressure. An article on which the soldering, fusing or brazing operation is to be performed is extended into the body of vapor to condense the vapor thereon. The latent heat of vaporization of the condensing vapor heats the article to the temperature for the operation, and the article is then withdrawn from the vapor for cooling.

Abstract: Pieces of steel scrap are charged into a ladle by a magnet on a crane so that the central part of the charge is substantially denser than the peripheral part. A cover having a plurality of natural gas-oxygen burners mounted around its periphery is then placed on top of the ladle to obtain a substantially gas tight container except for a flue opening and some small openings due to a non-tight fit between ladle and cover adjacent the top. The burners direct their flames downwardly parallel to the sidewall of the ladle and the combustion gases are discharged through the flue opening. The flames are reducing in nature and the container is under a positive pressure. The heating is continued until the scrap is at a temperature of at least approximately 1,500.degree.F and preferably approaching the melting point of the scrap. Molten iron in substantially greater weight that the scrap and having a substantially higher carbon content is then poured into the ladle so that the majority of the scrap is melted.