Abstract: The invention is directed to a mouth piece for cooling of oral tissue of a patient during chemotherapy treatment. The mouth piece includes a cooling medium contained within the top element and the bottom element and able to retain a cooling environment within the mouth sufficient to reduce capillary blood flow to the patient's mouth. In one embodiment, an external chamber extends from the front of the mouth piece to house a cooling medium. A bladder is positioned inside the external chamber for storing a solution having a freezing temperature above the freezing point temperature of the cooling medium to assist in cooling the cooling medium.

Abstract: A smart lighting system for applying light to teeth in the context of tooth whitening and teeth that have been provided with a light-curable whitening varnish. The system includes a light-generating unit, a light-patterning unit, a mouth imaging unit, a mouth image sensing unit, and an image processing and control unit, and is adapted so as to allow the image processing and control unit to adjust the light-patterning unit on the basis of information obtained from the mouth image sensing unit. By doing so, prior to allowing the light-generating unit to emit light, it can be ensured that light emitted to assist tooth whitening, does not affect soft tissue.

Abstract: There is a need for a minimally invasive surgical treatment method for periodontitis for the removal of deep pockets, elimination of disease, creation of reattachment of the gingiva to the tooth surface and true regeneration of the attachment apparatus (new cementum, new periodontal ligament, and new alveolar bone) on a previously diseased root surface. The PerioLase® MVP-7™ including eGUI or another device capable of laser dosimetry, such as an original MVP-7™ type laser without the eGUI, achieves this with the LANAP protocol (laser-assisted new attachment procedure) and the LENAP protocol (laser excisional new attachment procedure).

Abstract: A plaque detecting device including a light emitting unit which irradiates light toward a tooth, and first and second light receiving units which receive radiated light from the tooth. The first light receiving unit extracts the spectral component of a first wavelength region containing fluorescent light specific to plaque and obtains a first output value corresponding to intensity of that spectral component. The second light receiving unit extracts the spectral component of a second wavelength region containing fluorescent light specific to enamel and obtains a second output value corresponding to the intensity of this spectral component. Determination of the relative magnitude of the ratio between the first output value and the second output value as compared to a first threshold value is performed. Determination of the relative magnitude of the difference between the first output value and the second output value as compared to a second threshold value is performed.

Abstract: A method and device for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis using a combination of an anti-mucositis agent and the device that is held in place for prolonged periods of time within the mouth. Portions of the device overlie and are brought into direct contact with the portions of the oral mucosa that are affected by oral mucositis. The method provides prolonged contact time of the anti-mucositis agents to the areas of the mucosa that are affected by oral mucositis. The combination may be used to treat oral mucositis or, prophylactically, to prevent oral mucositis that may occur in patients that receive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Abstract: A method of placing a dental implant at an implant site in the jaw bone of a patient, said method comprising: (a) without reflecting soft tissue covering the implant site causing a tip of a piezoelectric device to pierce the soft tissue so that the tip comes into direct contact with underlying jaw bone at the implant site; (b) making a starter bore, but not a full-depth osteotomy, at the implant site with the piezoelectric device; and (c) placing the dental implant into the implant site through the starter bore. Alternatively, a tissue punch may be used to create a hole in the soft tissue through which hole access can be gained to the underlying jaw bone for subsequent starter boring with the piezoelectric device.

Abstract: Disclosed are example embodiments of methods and systems for identifying and quantifying manufacturing defects of a manufactured dental prosthesis. Certain embodiments of the system for performing quality control on manufactured dental prostheses includes: a quality control module configured to determine whether the dental prosthesis is a good or a defective product based at least on a differences model generated by comparing a design model and a scanned model of the manufactured dental prosthesis.

Abstract: A medical robotic work station includes a frame and a robotic manipulator mounted on the frame for performing a treatment procedure on a patient seated in a chair adjacent the frame. The patient is in a seating posture and support locations are provided on the frame for resting bony members of the patient. Sensors track movement and position of the body members of the patient during performance of the treatment procedure by the robotic manipulator. The robotic manipulator is adapted to perform at least one of a medical, a dental, an ophthalmic and an orthopedic treatment procedure. A physician sits at a display monitor of a physician's work station for programming, monitoring and verifying a robot program for controlling the robotic manipulator to perform the treatment procedure.

Abstract: A system includes a whitening light having a mouthpiece having a first light array for directing light onto a plurality of lower teeth of a user and a second light array for directing light onto a plurality of upper teeth of the user, and a rear portion including a first charging mechanism and a first power source where the first power source is communicably coupled to the first light array and the second light array. The system further includes a case including a cavity sized to receive the whitening light, a second power source, and a second charging mechanism communicably coupled to the second power source and configured to electrically couple with the first charging mechanism to transfer power from the second power source to the first power source when the whitening light is positioned in the cavity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth or re-restoration of a previously filled anterior tooth, and to dental matrices and composite resin dispensers that may be used in the methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth.

Abstract: A method for producing a prosthesis or partial prosthesis based on digital data, using multiple teeth present in a dental arch (14) and a prosthesis base to be produced. The prosthesis base is rough-milled by a milling tool, i.e. is milled in a first step, and the prosthesis base present as a semi-finished product, in particular in regions of the prosthesis base on which the teeth and the prosthesis base abut against each another and/or are to be bonded to each other, is partially milled, i.e. is milled in a second step, by a different milling tool, thereby being brought to a target height which corresponds to the desired bonding gap between the prosthesis base and the tooth or dental arch (14).

Abstract: Controlled release of VIP from PLGA microparticles was accomplished and varied through use of different polymer molecular sizes, addition of solutes to the inner aqueous phase, and use of our computer model. Released VIP from microparticles appeared to be bioactive and caused DCs to produce more CCL22 than DCs treated with blank particles at 7 and 24 hours. Additionally, DCs treated with VIP microparticle releasates recruited higher percentages of FoxP3+ T-cells in in vitro chemotaxis studies. Testing in a mouse model in vivo indicated that VIP microparticles have significant therapeutic potential to treat periodontal disease by reducing the bone loss in infected mice relative to the blank group.

Abstract: An oral treatment device that emits electromagnetic radiation onto surfaces of a user's teeth. The oral treatment device may include an intraoral mouthpiece and a handle extending therefrom, the handle containing the control circuitry required for operation of the device. The mouthpiece may include a lamp support structure, a lamp, a lens plate, and a guard component. The lamp may include an electromagnetic radiation source that includes a flexible sheet and a plurality of illumination elements located thereon. The illumination elements may be light emitting diodes printed with an electrically conductive. Additional electronic components such as a processor and a power source may also be included in the device.

Abstract: An orthodontic bite plate has a body with an anterior base for bonding attachment to the lingual surface of an upper anterior tooth, and an occlusal stop having an incisal surface extending across the lingual aspect of the body to limit upward movement of the patient's lower teeth. A vertical channel divides the body gingival to the occlusal stop into opposing lateral wings that are capable of being compressed together by application of a lateral compressive force to deform the base and thereby release the orthodontic bite plate from the tooth. At least one horizontal channel separates the occlusal stop and lateral wings. Optionally, the occlusal stop can include a vertical member that extends gingivally into the vertical channel between the lateral wings.

Abstract: An Anterior Guidance Package (AGP) equipped splint may be produced for a patient with bruxism, temporo mandibular disorder (TMD), or sleep apnea. The AGP equipped splint has maxillary and mandibular guidance components attached to respective retentive pieces to provide superior anterior guidance. Using the disclosed systems and methods for producing the AGP equipped splint, a patient with or without a severe malocclusion can receive a customized AGP equipped splint without visiting the dentist repeatedly.

Abstract: A damping dental post key configured to implant a dental root post for restoration of a tooth is described. The dental post key includes a body for handling and a post carrier having a key shape with respect to a head portion of the dental root post. During implantation of the dental post, rotation of the body compresses a set of springs in contact with the post carrier reducing a reaction force to a tooth root. In this way a limited force will be applied and a root fracture can be prevented. Further, the dental post key can be configured to have a fixed movement in a counterclockwise direction to remove the dental post and a free quarter-cycle movement with effort in a clockwise direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dental restoration production device, comprising a curable dental restoration material (20) and a radiation-curing device by means of which the curable dental restoration material (20) can be cured using light radiation, UV radiation and/or heat radiation in order to produce a dental restoration part (22), and comprising an add-on (24) or attachment to the radiation-curing device, which faces said dental restoration material (20) or can be directed thereto, wherein said attachment or add-on (24) has a molding surface that corresponds to the target shape of the surface (52) of the dental restoration material (20) and forms a negative mold (54) therefor on the region facing the radiation-curing device.

Abstract: The method for periodontal disease measurement of the present invention includes: using a plurality of cross-sectional images provided by x-ray CT images of teeth and periodontal tissues to detect a contour of each tooth in each cross-sectional image, detect a dentition, and provide a dental formula; detecting the positions of the root apex, the alveolar crest, and the crown of each tooth from the detected tooth contour data; calculating at least one of a distance indicator, a volume indicator, a surface area indicator, a first moment indicator, a center-of-gravity indicator, and an alveolar bone indicator from the detected tooth contour data, and the position data of the root apex, the alveolar crest, and the crown of the tooth; and measuring the progression of periodontal disease based on at least one calculated indicator.

Abstract: Dental implantation systems and methods are provided, including a system comprising a patient-interacting device having an instrument for preparing a site within a patient's mouth for a dental implant. A guiding device in communication with a fiducial marker engaged with the patient's mouth receives the patient-interacting device, and guides the instrument, relative to the fiducial marker, in conjunction with user manipulation of the patient-interacting device. A controller device including a processor is in communication with the guiding device, and directs the patient-interacting device via the guiding device to prepare the site to receive the dental implant. An engagement sensor is operably engaged with the patient-interacting device and communicates with the controller device. The controller device is responsive to sensed disengagement between the patient-interacting device and the user to direct the guiding device to maintain the patient-interacting device at a minimum vertical disposition.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (ToF) system disclosed herein provides a method of a method of separating a direct component of light collected by a time of flight (ToF) detector from a global component of light collected by the ToF detector, the method comprising acquiring three or more images represented by three or more matrices in response to illuminating a target with a light source using a first spatial pattern at three or more different modulation frequencies, acquiring an additional image represented by an additional matrix in response to illuminating the target with the light source using a second spatial pattern, the second spatial pattern being different than the first spatial pattern, and determining one or more parameters of the direct component of light and the global component of light based on analysis of the three or more matrices and the additional matrix.

Abstract: Various methods and systems for designing a restored smile are provided. One method includes receiving scan data of a patient's teeth, developing a digital model of the patient's teeth via a computing device, where the model represents the patient's teeth based upon the scan data, creating a dental treatment plan to restore one or more teeth from an initial condition to a successive condition, and wherein a final condition of the one or more is based on the one or more teeth having at least one planned additional restorative tooth structure provided therewith.

Abstract: A water decomposition device may include a hydrogen-generating electrode including a first external electrode and at least one first internal electrode formed integrally with the first external electrode, and an oxygen-generating electrode including a second external electrode and at least one second internal electrode formed integrally with the second external electrode. The first external electrode and the second external electrode are disposed to face each other, and the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode are disposed alternately in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof. Therefore, the water decomposition device may secure both transparency and durability even when an opaque material is used therefor.

Abstract: A method of digitally designing a dental component for a patient, wherein the method includes: obtaining a 3D representation of the patient's upper jaw; obtaining a 3D representation of the patient's lower jaw; obtaining at least a first 3D representation of a first bite configuration of the patient's jaws in a first occlusion and a second 3D representation of a second bite configuration of the patient's jaws in a second occlusion different from the first occlusion; digitally determining a occlusal contact movement of the patient's jaws relative to each other based on the at least first 3D representation, the second 3D representation and contact between the patient's upper jaw and lower jaw; and digitally designing the dental component based on the occlusal contact movement of the patient's jaw relative to each other.

Abstract: An electrode set for chemical reaction includes a substrate, and electrodes for reduction and oxidation reactions alternately arranged on the same surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An automated parsing pipeline system and method for anatomical localization and condition classification is disclosed. The system comprises an input even source, a memory unit and processor including a volumetric image processor, a voxel parsing engine, localization layer and a detection module. The volumetric image processor is configured to receive volumetric image from the input source and parse the received volumetric image. The voxel parsing engine is configured to assign each voxel a distant anatomical structure. The localization layer is configured to crop a defined anatomical structure with surroundings. The detection module is configured to classify conditions for each defined anatomical structure within the cropped image. The disclosed system and method provide accurate localization of a tooth and detects several common conditions in each tooth.

Abstract: A method is provided for designing and fabricating a removable partial denture (RPD) framework including clasp retainers configured for removable engagement with abutment teeth of a patient. The method includes obtaining an initial digital model of the RPD framework based on patient image data. For each clasp retainer, a set of relevant geometric parameters is identified, each relevant geometric parameter being provided with a nominal value, and a target value of dislodging force is provided. The method further includes performing a force analysis on the initial digital model to determine corrected values for the relevant geometric parameters of each clasp retainer such that when the corrected values are assigned to the relevant geometric parameters, the dislodging force matches its target value. The method also includes obtaining a corrected digital model based on the corrected values, and fabricating the RPD framework based on the corrected digital model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved visual prosthetic and orthodontic treatment planning are provided herein. In some aspects, a method for preparing a tooth of a patient is disclosed. The method may comprise building a model of a dentition of the patient including a model of the initial shape of tooth. The method may also include determining a final prepared shape of the tooth. In some aspects, the method may also include generating a treatment plan comprising a plurality of steps to modify the initial shape of the tooth to the final prepared shape of the tooth. The method may also include rendering visualizations for the plurality of steps of the treatment plan. The visualizations may depict the removal of tooth material to modify the initial shape of the tooth to the final prepared shape of the tooth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for processing an image for generating a design image based on a reference marker. A method for processing an image for generating a design image based on a reference marker includes receiving, from at least one external device, a computerized tomography (CT) scan image and a plurality of oral scan images related to a person to be treated who has a plurality of reference markers attached to an inside of an oral cavity, generating a registered image by registering the images on the basis of locations of the plurality of reference markers detected from the images, determining, on the basis of the registered image, a teeth profile related to the inside of the oral cavity of the person to be treated, and generating a design image related to the inside of the oral cavity on the basis of the teeth profile.

Abstract: In embodiments, a first 3D model of a patient's teeth based on first intraoral scan data taken at a first time is processed to recognize the teeth in the first 3D model. A second 3D model of the patient's teeth based on second intraoral scan data taken at a second time is processed to recognize the teeth in the second 3D model. The first 3D model is compared to the second 3D model and a plurality of AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of at least one of tooth wear, tooth breakage, tooth movement, gingival recession or gingival swelling are determined based on the comparison. The teeth recognized in the first 3D model are compared to the teeth recognized in the second 3D model, and one or more AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of tooth wear or tooth breakage are determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and digital tools for deriving tooth condition information for a patient's teeth, for populating a digital dental chart with derived tooth condition information, and for generating an electronic data record containing such information.

Abstract: A method of three-dimensional measurement in an oral cavity includes conducting three-dimensional measurement on a measurement range in an oral cavity, detecting a measurement site in which measurement information is insufficient in a measurement result acquired in the three-dimensional measurement, notifying a start position at which re-measurement on the measurement site detected is to be started, re-measuring an area starting from the start position such that the area encompasses the measurement site, and adapting at least one characteristic site having characteristic information in a re-measurement result from the re-measuring, and at least one characteristic site having characteristic information in the measurement result from the three-dimensional measurement with respect to each other such that three-dimensional measurement information is created on the measurement range.

Abstract: A method of constructing an anterior guidance package (AGP) equipped appliance, the AGP comprising a mandibular guidance component and a maxillary guidance component, and the appliance comprising a mandibular retentive piece configured to be placed about a mandibular arch of a user and a maxillary retentive piece configured to be placed about a maxillary arch of the user, the method comprising: maintaining of the mandibular guidance component in a correct orientation relative to the maxillary guidance component; indexing, while maintaining the mandibular guidance component in the correct orientation relative to the maxillary guidance component, the AGP onto the mandibular retentive piece and the maxillary retentive piece; and enabling, after indexing the AGP onto the mandibular and maxillary retentive pieces, the mandibular guidance component to move from the correct orientation relative to the maxillary guidance component.

Abstract: A method of making a dental restoration has the step of providing a precursor of the dental restoration. The dental restoration has at least a first and a second surface portion which are delimited by a physical boundary structure. The method further has the steps of applying a first coloring solution associated with the first surface portion onto the first surface portion, sintering the dental restoration precursor, and removing the physical boundary structure.

Abstract: Various embodiments of tantalum- and/or niobium-containing glasses and cements as well as uses thereof are described herein. For example, in an embodiment, the glasses comprise a transition metal pentoxide such as tantalum pentoxide and/or niobium pentoxide present in the glass in an amount of less than 2.0 mol %, based on the total composition of the glass, glass polyalkenoate cements prepared from such glasses and uses of such cements, for example, for sternal closure or fixation, stabilization and/or repair of a fracture in a bone in the wrist, elbow, knee, shoulder, spine and/or hip.

Abstract: The invention features devices and methods for collecting and measuring light from external light sources. In general, the devices of the invention feature a light diffusing element, e.g., as a component of a light collector, connected by a light conducting conduit, e.g., a fiber optic cable, to a light measuring device, e.g., a spectrometer. This light diffusing element allows, e.g., for substantially uniform light diffusion across its surface and thus accurate measurements, while permitting the total footprint of the device to remain relatively small and portable. This light diffusing element also allows flexibility in scaling of the device to permit use in a wide range of applications.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program wherein the method comprises: obtaining a three dimensional image of an object; obtaining a two dimensional image of at least a part of the object; mapping the two dimensional image onto the three dimensional image to identify the location of the part of the object in the two dimensional image within the three dimensional image; and enabling an indication of the identified location within the three dimensional image to be provided to a user.

Abstract: In one representative embodiment, an intraoral scanning device includes a scan head sized and shaped to be placed inside a patient's mouth. The scan head can include at least one ultrasonic transducer for generating ultrasonic images and at least one light-based sensor for generating optical images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for detecting and quantifying the plaque levels and/or lesions in companion animals, and the use of such information during trials of oral health products. The methods disclosed enable the trialling of companion animals for a shorter period of time, without the need for long and expensive trials on oral health products to be conducted. The methods described are conducted on conscious pet animals.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method includes contacting a triiodobenzoic acid with an oxalyl chloride in a solvent whereby triiodobenzoyl chloride is formed, contacting diethanolamine with triiodobenzoyl chloride where triiodobenzoic diol amine is formed, and forming an acrylate of triiodobenzoic diol amine with acryloyl chloride where an organoiodine compound is formed. According to another embodiment, an optically clear photopolymer resist blend for additive manufacturing includes a radiopaque pre-polymer compound where the compound includes at least one of the following: iodine, bromine, tin, lead, or bismuth. The resist blend also includes a photoinitiator, a polymerization inhibitor, and a base pre-polymer.

Abstract: A retainer cooperating with a plurality of teeth and configured to stabilize the plurality of teeth, the retainer including at least one elongated arc which is shaped overall adapted to a natural curvature of a lower jaw or an upper jaw, wherein the at least one elongated arc is locally adapted individually to a surface contour of respective abutting teeth, wherein the retainer is machined from a sheet metal plate and includes two mutually parallel surfaces, wherein the sheet metal plate is made from a nickel titanium alloy, preferably a nitinol, wherein the retainer contacts a tooth surface in an installed condition of the retainer, wherein a machined surface of the retainer faces the tooth surface in the installed condition of the retainer, and wherein an upper side or a lower side of the retainer corresponds to an original surface plane of the sheet metal plate.

Abstract: A system includes a structure and a material applied to a portion of the structure. The material may be adapted to change color locally in response to localized heating of the portion of the structure to a first threshold temperature due to an electrical current within the structure. The system may further include a detector configured to receive light from the structure to enable detection of a pathway of the electrical current through the structure based on a position of the color.

Abstract: A dental veneer made from a composite comprising at least one organic binder, preferably with methacrylate, and inorganic solid particles as fillers. Methods for manufacturing the dental veneer include curing the composite with heat and light under pressure followed by laser treating the facial surface of the veneer to form a smoother facial surface. Filler particles at the facial surface of the veneer can be melted and/or coalesced together to form a continuous glass surface, which is more natural looking and better resembles natural tooth material as compared to ceramic veneers or other composited veneers lacking surface treatment.

Abstract: Method of fabricating a dental prosthesis (1), intended to fill an area of a first jaw, the first jaw being an identical reproduction of at least one part of an edentulous jaw (4) of an individual, the area being capable of receiving at least one tooth (3), the first jaw incorporating a protruding element (11), the method comprising: a first step of depositing the first portion (5) of a material on the area of the first jaw, in such a way that the first portion of deposited material can be hooked to the projecting element, the material being capable of preserving its shape after deposit; a step of attaching the tooth to the first portion of the deposited material.

Abstract: The plaque detecting device of the present invention comprises a light emitting unit (450) which irradiates ultraviolet or blue excitation light (L) toward the tooth surface (99a), and a first and second light receiving units (402) which receive radiated light (L?) from the tooth surface (99a). The first light receiving unit extracts the spectral component of a first wavelength region including the wavelength range of fluorescent light specific to plaque from the radiated light (L?), and obtains a first output value corresponding to the intensity of that spectral component. The second light receiving unit extracts, from the radiated light (L?), the spectral component of a second wavelength region containing the wavelength range of the fluorescent light specific to enamel and having a predetermined lower limit wavelength below the lower limit wavelength of the first wavelength region, and obtains a second output value corresponding to the intensity of this spectral component.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions comprising multipotent cells or microvascular tissue, wherein the cells or tissue has been sterilized and/or treated to inactivated viruses, and related methods of using these compositions to treat or prevent tissue injury or disease in an allogeneic subject.

Abstract: The mouthpiece includes an arch-shaped guard having an inner surface. The inner surface is contoured to follow a shape of a dentition. The arch-shaped guard is sized to span at least a portion of upper teeth and a portion of lower teeth in the dentition. The mouthpiece includes a bite plate positioned along the inner surface and dividing the arch-shaped guard into an upper and lower portion. The mouthpiece includes a first light array arranged along the lower portion of the arch-shaped guard, and a second light array arranged along the upper portion of the arch-shaped guard. The first and second light arrays are arranged at offset distances from the bite plate where the offset distance of the second light array is greater than the offset distance of the first light array. The first and second light arrays are arranged to direct light onto the upper and lower teeth, respectively.

Abstract: Methods for aligning a digital 3D model of teeth represented by a 3D mesh to a desired orientation within a 3D coordinate system. The method includes receiving the 3D mesh in random alignment and changing an orientation of the 3D mesh to align the digital 3D model of teeth with a desired axis in the 3D coordinate system. The methods can also detect a gum line in the digital 3D model to remove the gingiva from the model.

Abstract: A safety device for motor vehicle includes a flexible hollow annular body including an arched upper base portion, an arched lower base portion and two opposing connection portions connected between the upper and lower base portions at two opposite sides, a flexible arched upper push piece having one end thereof connected to the upper base portion and an opposite end thereof extending toward the lower base portion so that a first elastic space is defined between the body and the upper push piece, and a flexible arched lower push piece having one end thereof connected to the lower base portion and an opposite end thereof extending toward the upper base portion so that a second elastic space is defined between the body and the lower push piece.

Abstract: A processing device performs image registration between a plurality of intraoral images of a dental site. The processing device identifies a candidate intraoral area of interest from a first intraoral image of the plurality of intraoral images. The processing device verifies the candidate intraoral area of interest as an intraoral area of interest based on a comparison of a second intraoral image to the first intraoral image. The processing device displays a view of the dental site where the intraoral area of interest is hidden and an indication of the hidden intraoral area of interest is visible.

Abstract: A system comprises a scanner, an augmented reality (AR) display and a computing device. The scanner generates intraoral images of a dental arch and the AR display generates additional image data representative of a view from a wearer of the AR display. The computing device receives the intraoral images from the intraoral scanner, generates a virtual three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the dental arch from the intraoral images, receives the additional image data from the AR display, determines, from the additional image data, a region of the view that is outside of the dental arch, generates a visual overlay comprising the virtual three-dimensional model, and sends the visual overlay to the AR display. The AR display displays the visual overlay such that the virtual three-dimensional model is shown in the region of the view that is outside of the dental arch.