Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the identification of a first microorganism potentially secreting an effector compound, said first microorganism thereby having either i. an inhibitory effect on the cell division activity of a second microorganism or ii. an enhancing effect on the cell division activity of a second microorganism, the method comprising: a. providing a cell from a first microorganism which potentially produces an effector compound of interest and a cell from a second detector microorganism; b. introducing both cells into a microdroplet for incubation; c. introducing the microdroplet into a microfluidic system; d. analyzing in said microfluidic system the cell of the second microorganism for the exhibition of an enhanced growth effect or the exhibition of an inhibited growth effect stemming from said effector compound. The invention also relates to a microorganism or effector compound identified by the method according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for increasing lignin degradation to produce a biological product. Also provided are methods for increasing expression of laccase in a bacterial species to produce increased lignin degradation. Also provided are bacterial cells and commodities or commodity produces produced from such methods.

Abstract: Methods, devices and kit for analyzing a sample comprising 1,5-anhydroglucitol and a first analyte via one or more chemiluminescent reactions. Certain embodiments include measuring a first light response resulting from a first chemiluminescent reaction and measuring a second light response resulting from a second chemiluminescent reaction. Certain embodiments also include comparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a solid transformation product of the substrate and crude ethanol comprising the following steps: •preparing a substrate from milled or flaked biomass comprising proteinaceous matter which originates from soya bean, rape seed, or mixtures thereof, optionally in further mixture with proteinaceous matter originating from fava beans, peas, sunflower seeds, lupine, cereals, and/or grasses, •mixing said substrate with live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 1:1 to 10,000:1 and adding water in an amount which provides a ratio of wet bulk density to dry bulk density from 0.60 to 1.45 in the resulting mixture; •incubating said mixture for 1-48 hours at a temperature of about 20-60° C.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses recombinant Pseudomonas plecoglossicida for producing L-xylose and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bioengineering. According to the disclosure, a synthesized 2-ketogluconate reductase gene and a 2,5-diketogluconate reductase gene derived from Corynebaterium ATCC 31090 and a pyruvate decarboxylase gene derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are successfully expressed in a host P. plecoglossicida by a double plasmid system, and an obtained genetically engineered strain is fermented for 56 h in a shake flask, where the yield of L-xylose reaches 16.2 g/L, and the transformation rate reaches 20.3%; the obtained genetically engineered strain is fermented for 48 h and 44 h in 3 L and 15 L fermentors, respectively, where the yields of L-xylose reach 37.6 g/L and 45.8 g/L, respectively, and the glucose transformation rates are 47.0% and 57.3%, respectively.

Abstract: Provided herein is a process for producing a fermentation product from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process comprises soaking a lignocellulosic feedstock in an aqueous solution to produce a soaked feedstock. The soaked feedstock is at least partially dewatered and the at least partially dewatered feedstock is subjected to pretreating. The pretreatment chemical is sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid or a combination thereof and can be added to the process at any stage prior to and/or during pretreatment. The pretreated feedstock composition is fed to an enzymatic hydrolysis conducted at a temperature that is higher than 58° C. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock composition is hydrolyzed with cellulase enzymes in the presence of the dissolved solids to produce glucose. The glucose is fermented to produce the fermentation product.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass includes adding at least one of sulfur dioxide and sulfurous acid to the lignocellulosic biomass to provide an equivalent sulfur dioxide loading of at least 10 wt % sulfur dioxide to dry lignocellulosic biomass. The acidified lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated at a temperature above about 185° C. and for a pretreatment time less than about 10 minutes, to provide a pretreated biomass composition wherein the biomass is readily hydrolyzed by enzymes. Advantageously, sulfur dioxide from at least one of the flash stream and a stream derived from the flash is recovered and recycled back into the process.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of biomass-material includes subjecting a lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to comminution, subjecting the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a sifting to separate from the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material a fraction of small-particles, and subjecting the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a pretreatment. Before, during, or after the pretreatment, small particles can be added to the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material. Optionally, the small particles can be added continuously during the pretreatment. The addition of small particles decreases friction of the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material results in decreased process time, energy savings, and reduced production costs.

Abstract: A hydrogen peroxide production method, system, and apparatus is provided for producing large volumes of hydrogen peroxide having concentrations up to and excess of 80% in one continuous cycle. In one aspect, the hydrogen peroxide production system can include an aqueous solution comprised of an NQO1 enzyme, an NQO1 activated compound or molecule, and an NADH or NADPH cofactor for producing hydrogen peroxide, a production chamber having a semi-permeable membrane for receiving the aqueous solution. Here, the membrane can further include one or more molecular weight barriers configured to diffuse the produced hydrogen peroxide there through. The system can also include a collection chamber for receiving the produced hydrogen peroxide, and one or more pumps for circulating the aqueous solution having the hydrogen peroxide to the collection chamber and back to the production chamber.

Abstract: Discharging pretreated biomass from a pretreatment reactor and mixing the discharged pretreated biomass with a cooling liquid in a vessel provides a cooled slurry having a consistency that is less than about 12 wt %. Since the consistency is relatively low, the cooled slurry may be pumped to a higher elevation using standard pumping equipment. At the higher elevation, the cooled slurry may be separated into a first stream comprising a liquid component of the slurry and a second other stream comprising a solid component of the slurry (e.g., having a consistency between about 15 wt % and 40 about wt %). The solid component may be fed to an inlet of a hydrolysis reactor, while the liquid component may be fed to a cooling system that provides a cooled stream. The cooled stream may then be cycled back to the vessel.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing 2?-fucosyllactose including culturing in a medium supplemented with lactose a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum transformed to express ?-1,2-fucosyltransferase, transformed to express GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, transformed to express GDP-L-fucose synthase, and transformed to express lactose permease, wherein the recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum has phosphomannomutase and GTP-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase.

Abstract: The present invention provides isotopically labeled deoxy-glucose and derivatives thereof, methods of their preparation, ration, kits comprising them and uses thereof for spin hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging, utilized in the quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of states, conditions, diseases, or disorders in the body of a subject.

Abstract: Provided is an unique, efficient and cost-effective process for the recovery of acid from acid-rich solutions. The process of the subject matter utilizes a strong oxidizer, such as Caro's acid, to disintegrate or render insoluble organic or inorganic materials such as carbohydrates and complexes thereof contained in acid-rich solutions, to make efficient and simple the separation and recovery of the acid solution. The acid recovered thus obtained is free of organic matter, and containing nearly all of the acid originally contained in the acid-rich solution.

Abstract: The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).

Abstract: Improved enzyme based methods of separating protein from protein-rich material are provided. A method can include utilizing a modeling equation to more effectively hydrolyze the various types of carbohydrates present in a protein-rich material. A method can include a fed-batch method of incrementally adding a protein-rich material, an enzyme broth, or both a protein-rich material and an enzyme broth. A method can also include partially or completely recycling the hydrolysate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant strain for producing an allose from a fructose, a composition for producing an allose which produces an allose from a fructose-containing raw material comprising the strain, and a method for preparing an allose using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and inventive process for the production of sorbitol from D-sucrose.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of an insoluble biomass gel involving: (a) mixing ground agricultural materials and hexane to produce de-oiled agricultural materials, (b) treating the de-oiled agricultural materials with thermostable ?-amylase to produce de-oiled and de-starched agricultural materials, (c) mixing alkali with the de-oiled and de-starched agricultural materials to produce a first residue, (d) mixing hydrogen peroxide with the first residue to form a second residue, and (e) mixing the second residue in water and collecting an insoluble material which is an insoluble biomass gel.

Abstract: Disclosed are a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) for producing fucosyllactose which is transformed to express ?-1,2-fucosyltransferase, GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (Gmd), GDP-L-fucose synthase (WcaG) and lactose permease (LacY), wherein the Corynebacterium glutamicum has phosphomannomutase and GTP-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, and a method for producing fucosyllactose using the same. According to the recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum and the method for producing fucosyllactose according to the present invention, with use of a GRAS Corynebacterium glutamicum strain, which is safer than conventional Escherichia coli, 2?-fucosyllactose can be produced at a high concentration while overcoming drawbacks of conventional methods associated with industrial inapplicability resulting from low production concentrations.

Abstract: A system and method for converting biomass with no chemical pretreatment is disclosed. Combination of a microbial system and the use of mechanical disruption during fermentation may help achieve high conversion rate without the extra cost and undesirable by-products typically associated with the pretreatment process.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a high solids biomass slurry that is readily pumpable and transportable to downstream processing units, such as chemical and/or biochemical processing units. The slurry is amenable to saccharification efficiencies of >70 % in processing times of <36 hours. Also provided are devices for processing materials, such as the high solids biomass slurry.

Abstract: The method for producing a cellulose-containing solid material of the invention includes treating a botanical biomass in a mixed solvent of water and at least one alcohol selected from aliphatic alcohols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, under condition A (the concentration of the raw material to be charged into the mixed solvent is 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less), condition B (the reaction temperature is 100° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower), and condition C (the reaction time is 0.1 hours or more and 10 hours or less), followed by solid-liquid separation after the treatment to give a cellulose-containing solid material. Accordingly, there are provided a method for producing a cellulose-containing solid material excellent in saccharification performance and a method for producing glucose from the cellulose-containing solid material.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a biotransformation process, effected by means of an isolated polypeptide possessing benzopyrone phosphate synthetase activity, and also a microorganism comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes the polypeptide, for the preparation of phosphate-conjugated derivatives of benzopyrone compounds. The hydrophilic property of the benzopyrone compounds is enhanced after catalyzed by the benzopyrone phosphate synthetase of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making glucose syrup from liquefied starch comprising, (a) contacting the liquefied starch with a glucoamylase, a pullulanase, and optionally an alpha-amylase wherein the ratio of pullulanase dose expressed as NPUN/gDS, to alpha-amylase dose expressed as FAU(A)/gDS is at least 60, particularly at least 75, particularly at least 100, more particularly at least 150, more particularly at least 200, more particularly at least 250, more particularly at least 300, more particularly at least 400, more particularly at least 500, more particularly at least 600, more particularly at least 800 or if no alpha-amylase is present the pullulanse is present in a dose of at least 0.5, particularly at least 0.75, particularly at least 1.0, particularly at least 1.5 NPUN/gDS, and (b) saccharifying the liquefied starch.

Abstract: Provided herein, in some embodiments, are systems, methods, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for enzymatically converting a polymeric glucose carbohydrate (e.g., starch) to sugar.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to modify a wild-type enzyme that is less reactive in the presence of an organic solvent to provide altered carbonyl reductases having better reactivity in the presence of the organic solvent than the wild-type enzyme, and/or to provide transformants producing such reductases. The present inventors have found altered carbonyl reductases having better reactivity in the presence of an organic solvent than the wild-type enzyme, from among a mutant enzyme library prepared by randomly mutating the wild-type enzyme gene, thereby arriving at completion of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for obtaining psicose from a mixture of fructose and psicose includes adding a mannitol dehydrogenase to a mixture of fructose and psicose to convert fructose into mannitol, and separating the mannitol from the psicose. Accordingly, the psicose can be more easily isolated from the mannitol with high efficiency by using the method.

Abstract: A method including: (a) selectively reacting a first sugar in a mixture which includes at least one second sugar to form a product mixture comprising a product of said first sugar; (b) separating said product of said first sugar from said product mixture; and (c) separating at least one of said at least one second sugar from said product mixture.

Abstract: A process for mechanical destructuring of cellulosic biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for separating starch from processing solutions containing starch containing plants or roots such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, wheat, corn, tapioca, yams, cassaya, sago, rice, pea, broad bean, horse bean, sorghum, konjac, rye, buckwheat and barley to provide commercially acceptable starch while reducing disposal of solid or liquid waste matter into landfills or water treatment facilities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variants of a parent cellobiohydrolase II. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic production of D-fructose from D-glucose in a one-pot synthesis, wherein D-glucose is oxidized enzymatically to D-glucosone and D-glucosone is reduced enzymatically to D-fructose and the use of the D-fructose produced in this way for the production of furan derivatives.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a composition for and a method of seating a Flaviviridae (including BVDV and HCV), Orthomyxoviridae (including Influenza A and B) or Paramyxoviridae (including RSV) infection, or conditions related to abnormal cellular proliferation, in a host, including animals, and especially humans, using a nucleoside of general formula (I)-(XXIII) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug. This invention also provides an effective process to quantify the viral load, and in particular BVDV, HCV or West Nile Virus load, in a host, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (“RT-PCR”). Additionally, the invention discloses probe molecules that can fluoresce proportionally to the amount of virus present in a sample.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.

Abstract: Provided are microorganisms that catalyze the synthesis of chemicals and biochemicals from a methanol, methane and/or formaldehyde. Also provided are methods of generating such organisms and methods of synthesizing chemicals and biochemicals using such organisms.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes yeast Candida tropicalis (NRRL 12968) for xylitol production, as an alternative and unexplored strain with high bioconversion rate and stability at higher initial xylose concentration. Different parameters are optimized for batch fermentation of xylose to xylitol such as initial xylose concentration, aeration (vvm), agitation (rpm), percent inoculum addition, and oxygen transfer rate. Maximum xylitol yield of 0.7 g/g of xylose is obtained with 3.33% inoculum, 250 g/l of initial xylose concentration, 0.2 vvm of aeration rate, and two stage agitation strategy comprising of 500 rpm for 0-24 hrs and 400 rpm for 24-72 hrs at not more than 72 hrs of fermentation time. The present invention coins a novel process mode of fermentation where the batch process is extended with continuous fermentation at optimum dilution rate of 0.02/hr with effective residence time of 52 hrs. Productivity of ‘batch followed by continuous’ process is 2.5 gm/lit/hr which is 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy-efficient process for the treatment of plant biomass, particularly sugar cane, for the production of carbohydrates and ethanol, using physico-chemical and extraction techniques, as well as very simple milling configurations, thereby minimizing energy consumption during extraction of the cane juice. The biomass treated and obtained through this process, when subjected to a fermentation process for the production of ethanol, increases the yield of the process in comparison with that of traditional sugar cane. It can also be used for the production of enzymes, animal feedstuffs, and other useful products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: A method for producing saccharides according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a slurry by adding an aqueous solution containing a sugar or a sugar solution to biomass so that the slurry has a biomass content of 10 to 30 w/v %, and a step of adding at least one of an enzyme that degrades cellulose and an enzyme that degrades hemicellulose to the slurry containing the biomass to degrade at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the biomass, thereby producing saccharides containing glucose as a main component.

Abstract: The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of A) Contacting a ligno-cellulosic feedstock, the feedstock comprised of biomass having a dry content and water with at least a portion of a solvent, the solvent comprised of water soluble hydrolyzed species; wherein at least some of the water soluble hydrolyzed species are the same as the water soluble hydrolyzed species obtainable from the hydrolysis of the biomass in the feedstock; B) maintaining the contact between the feedstock of the feedstock stream and the solvent at a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 200° C. for a time in the range of 5 minutes to 72 hours to create a hydrolyzed product from the biomass in the feedstock.

Abstract: A method produces a sugar liquid by repeating a sugar liquid production process including (1) to (3): (1) adding a filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to cellulose to perform primary hydrolysis; (2) adding a fresh filamentous fungus-derived cellulase to the hydrolysate in Step (1) to perform secondary hydrolysis; and (3) subjecting the hydrolysate in Step (2) to solid-liquid separation to obtain a sugar liquid, from which a recovered enzyme is obtained; wherein the recovered enzyme obtained in Step (3) is used for Step (1) of the next and later sugar liquid production processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variants of a parent cellobiohydrolase II. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a production of liquefied lignocellulosic substrate by enzymatic reaction. 10% to 40% by weight dry matter of pre-treated lignocellulosic substrate is contacted, with water and enzymes at 0.1 to 60 mg of enzymes per gram of cellulose for a period of 1 to 24 hours. Over time, at least the value of one of the rheological characteristics of the reaction medium is measured. If a reduction of the value is detected over time, the following step a) is carried out: a) the feeding flow rate of pre-treated lignocellulosic substrate is increased, with or without modification of the flow rate of enzymes and/or water; If an increase of the value is detected over time, a step b) is carried out: b) the feeding flow rate of water and/or enzymes is increased, with or without modification of the flow rate of pre-treated lignocellulosic substrate.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing galactosemia in blood samples from neonates by determining GAL-1-P concentrations before 5-7 days of life is disclosed. The removal of interfering compounds allows a more specific and therefore more accurate determination of GAL-IP levels in newborn screening for galactosemia using mass spectrometry. This is of major importance when investigating samples from children that have not yet achieved a steady state of GAL-IP (i.e. before 5-7 day of life).

Abstract: Wheat bran culture mix is used to inoculate organic waste and produce an inoculated waste material, where the wheat bran culture mix includes soil derived microbes. The inoculated waste material is shredded to produce shredded inoculated waste material which is fermented the shredded inoculated waste material for at least 7 days. Contents from the fermenter are then transferred into a dewatering device to produce dewatered contents which are then separated into soluble and suspended products.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrolysate from cellulosic material by adding hydrothermally treated stillage or a fraction thereof to cellulosic material, treating the mixture of hydrothermally treated stillage and cellulosic material with at least one hydrolyzing enzyme, and hydrolyzing and converting complex carbohydrates in the cellulosic material. The hydrolysate produced by the method. Ethanol, organic acids, and organism metabolites produced by the method. Biomass produced by the method. A method of increasing sugar production rate and yield of sugars from cellulosic material by adding hydrothermally treated stillage or a fraction thereof to cellulosic material, treating the mixture of hydrothermally treated stillage and cellulosic material with at least one hydrolyzing enzyme, and hydrolyzing complex carbohydrates in the cellulosic material and forming sugars.

Abstract: Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.

Abstract: A rotary machine type shock wave reactor suitable for thermal cracking of hydrocarbon-containing materials includes a casing, a rotor whose periphery contains an axial-flow blade cascade, and a directing rim, provided with at least two stationary vane cascades, adjoining an axial-flow rotor cascade, wherein the casing substantially encloses the periphery of the rotor and the directing rim. The cascades are configured to direct feedstock containing process stream to repeatedly pass the cascades in a helical trajectory while propagating within the duct between the inlet and exit and to generate stationary shock-waves to heat the feedstock. The axial-flow rotor cascade is configured to provide kinetic energy and add velocity to feedstock containing process stream, and the stationary vanes located downstream the rotor cascade are configured to reduce the velocity of the stream and convert kinetic energy into heat. The reactor may also process carbohydrate-and glyceride-based feedstock, and gaseous biomass matter.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in the production of ethanol and acetate by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO and the addition of an inorganic sulfur additive. It more particularly relates to the provision of an inorganic organic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more microorganisms convert a substrate comprising CO to ethanol. In one aspect the invention uses a sulfur additive comprising inorganic sulfur compounds having a +2 to a +4 sulfur oxidation state that produces sulfur oxoanions and hydrosulfur oxoanions in an aqueous fermentation medium.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage.