Abstract: A process for integrated utilization of the energy and material contents of hydrolysates and solids obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis of renewable raw materials, in which the resulting hydrolysis solution is used as a carbon source in fermentations and the unhydrolysed solids are sent to biogas production.

Abstract: An L-amino acid can be produced by culturing an L-amino acid-producing bacterium which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and which has been modified so that the expression of a yggG gene is enhanced.

Abstract: A palladate palladium-promoted hydrolytic polypeptide cleavage process which selectively cleaves the polypeptide at a Cys-His cleavage site comprising solubilizing the polypeptide in a reaction mixture comprised of a palladate palladium promoter dissolved in a high-concentration acidic organic acid solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microorganism which produces and/or secretes an organic-chemical compound, wherein the microorganism has increased expression, compared to the particular starting strain, of one or more protein subunits of the ABC transporter having the activity of a trehalose importer, said microorganism being capable of taking up trehalose from the medium; and to a method for the production of an organic-chemical compound, using the microorganism according to the invention, wherein accumulation of trehalose in the fermentation broth is reduced or avoided.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid by culturing a coryneform bacterium having an L-amino acid-producing ability in a medium to produce and accumulate the L-amino acid in the medium or cells of the bacterium, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium or cells, wherein said coryneform bacterium has been modified to enhance carbonic anhydrase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for racemizing an optically active ?-amino acid with a viable bacterial cell producing ?-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase or a processed product thereof. According to the present invention, racemic ?-amino acids of high quality can be manufactured inexpensively.

Abstract: This invention provides polypeptides having lyase activity, polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides, and meth-°ds of making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one aspect, the invention is directed to polypeptides having ammonia lyase activity, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase and/or histidine ammonia lyase activity, including thermostable and thermotolerant activity, and polynucleotides encoding these enzymes, and making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. The polypeptides of the invention can be used in a variety of pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial contexts. X?NO2, Cl, Br, NH2, OH, H, alkyl at one or several o, m, and p positions R?H or alkyl.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which has an L-amino acid-producing ability and inherently has a native activity of a glucose dehydrogenase that uses pyrroloquinoline quinone as a coenzyme, but has been modified so that the activity of the glucose dehydrogenase is reduced, in a medium, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the ybiV gene.

Abstract: Conversion in vitro of X-Gly to X-alpha-hydroxy-Gly or X-NH2 (X being a peptide or any other compound having a carbonyl group capable of forming a covalent bond with glycine) is accomplished enzymatically in the presence of keto acids, or salts or esters thereof, to provide a good yield without the necessity of catalase or similar enzymatic reaction enhancers. Peptidylglycine ?-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is a preferred enzyme for catalyzing the conversion. Alternatively, peptidylglycine ?-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) is utilized to convert X-Gly to X-alpha-hydroxy-Gly which may be recovered, or optionally may be simultaneously or sequentially converted to an amide by either a Lewis base or action of the enzyme peptidyl ?-hydroxyglycine ?-amidating lyase (PAL). Both PHM and PAL are functional domains of PAM.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which is able to produce the L-amino acid, and is modified so that the activity of ribonuclease G is decreased in a medium containing glycerol as the carbon source, and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture.

Abstract: In the method for separating and purifying histidine from a culture containing the amino acid, the culture containing histidine and microbial cells is charged onto the top of a column filled with a carrier particle whose particle size is 420 ?m or more and which has an ability to adsorb histidine and then an eluent is passed through the column whereby accomplishing the separation and purification of histidine, and preferably in the step mentioned above, a strong acid cation exchange resin is employed as a carrier particle whereby accomplishing the separation and purification of histidine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the sfmACDFH-fimZ cluster and/or the fimZ gene.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for fermentative production of L-proline using bacteria which contain mutated variants of the proB gene.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a process for producing an amino acid using a microorganism in which aspartate aminotransferase activity is decreased or deleted, and which has the capability of producing and accumulating the amino acid is provided.

Abstract: A microorganism is cultured in a medium, and is able to produce one or two or more kinds of L-amino acids including L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-ornithine, L-citrulline and L-arginine, and is modified to increase ?-ketoglutarate synthase activity. The L-amino acids are collected from the medium or the cells.

Abstract: A process for producing high yields of enantioselective amino acids and chiral amines by reacting a keto acid or ketone and an amino acid donor in the presence of a transaminase biocatalyst to produce a keto acid by-product and an amino acid or amine product. Further reacting the keto acid by-product with a peroxide to increase the yield of additional amino acid or amine product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutant bacterial PRPP synthetase which is resistant to feedback by purine nucleotides, and a method for producing L-histidine using the bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family wherein the L-amino acid productivity of said bacterium is enhanced by use of the PRPP synthetase which is resistant to feedback by purine nucleotides, coded by the mutant prsA gene.

Abstract: A method of producing amino acid metal chelates includes producing an amino acid ligand by enzymatically hydrolyzing bacterial cells, and reacting the amino acid ligand with a metal cation.

Abstract: A microorganism which has an L-amino acid producing ability and has been modified so that succinate dehydrogenase activity and ?-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity are decreased is cultured in a medium to produce and accumulate an L-amino acid in the medium or cells of the microorganism, and the L-amino acid is collected from the medium or cells to produce the L-amino acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods designed to increase value output of a fermentation reaction that yields a first product, intended for commercialization, such as ethanol, and a fermentation residual used, for example, as animal feed. The methods involve using microorganisms in the fermentation process that have been modified so as to yield a residual having greater value that a residual produced in the process by a microorganism not so modified. In particular, the present invention contemplates using microorganisms in a fermentation process that have been modified to increase production of a nutrient, such as an essential amino acid, thereby reducing the need to supplement the nutrient in the animal's diet. The present invention also provides a modified fermentation residual of higher commercial value. Also provided in the present invention are complete animal feeds, nutritional supplements comprising the subject ferment residuals.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods designed to increase value output of a fermentation reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a business method of increasing value output of a fermentation plant. The present invention also provides a modified fermentation residual of higher commercial value. Also provided in the present invention are complete animal feeds, nutritional supplements comprising the subject ferment residuals. Further provided by the present invention is a method of performing fermentation, a modified fermentative microorganism and a genetic vehicle for modifying such microorganism.

Abstract: L-amino acids such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-leucine, and L-cysteine are produced by culturing in a medium a bacterium having an L-amino acid-producing ability and wherein the bacterium has been modified so that the phosphotransacetylase activity is enhanced.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which has an L-amino acid-producing ability and inherently has a native activity of a glucose dehydrogenase that uses pyrroloquinoline quinone as a coenzyme, but has been modified so that the activity of the glucose dehydrogenase is reduced, in a medium, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid, such as L-histidine, L-threonine, L-lysine, L-glutamic acid, and L-tryptophan, using bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia which has increased expression of genes, such as those of the xylABFGHR locus, which encode the xylose utilization enzymes, is disclosed. The method includes cultivating the L-amino acid producing bacterium in a culture medium containing xylose, and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture medium.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid, such as L-histidine, L-threonine, L-lysine, L-glutamic acid, and L-tryptophan, using bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia which has increased expression of genes, such as those of the xylABFGHR locus, which encode the xylose utilization enzymes, is disclosed. The method includes cultivating the L-amino acid producing bacterium in a culture medium containing xylose, and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture medium.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid is described using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the bacterium contains a protein which is able to confer resistance to growth inhibition by L-cysteine.

Abstract: To provide ACE inhibitory peptides which can effectively inhibit ACE by a small amount of ingestion and have no fear of causing side effects and which can be orally ingested easily during daily life by persons having high blood pressure, and compositions comprising the peptides. The peptides represented by the following structural formulae (1) to (9), and salts thereof are provided.

Abstract: Development of a method of economically and efficiently producing cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The present invention provides L-proline cis-4-hydroxylase. This enzyme may be derived from Lotus corniculatus rhizobia, Mesorhizobium loti or Medicago sativa rhizobia, Sinorhizobium meliloti. The present invention provides a method of producing cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline from L-proline by using this enzyme. The present invention provides a recombinant vector containing a polynucleotide encoding the enzyme and a transformant containing the vector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing L-amino acids by fermenting recombinant microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, characterized in that a) the desired L-amino acid-producing microorganisms, in which the yjcG-ORF, or nucleotide sequences or alleles encoding the gene product, is/are enhanced, in particular overexpressed, is cultured in a medium under conditions under which the desired L-amino acid is accumulated in the medium or in the cells, and b) the desired L-amino acid is isolated, with, where appropriate, constituents of the fermentation broth, and/or the biomass remaining in its/their entirety or in portions (from ?0 to 100%) in the isolated product or being removed completely.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the kefB gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an amino acid selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, glycine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-cysteine, L-tyrosine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid and useful as medicament, chemical agent, food material and feed additive at high industrial efficiency, the method comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the amino acid and having resistance to an aminoquinoline derivative in a medium, producing and accumulating the amino acid in the present invention in the culture, and recovering the amino acid from the culture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a product of a reaction catalyzed by a protein having 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme activity such as (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine or a salt thereof using a bacterium transformed with a DNA fragment containing a gene coding for a protein having 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme activity such as L-isoleucine dioxygenase activity; and wherein said bacterium has the ability to produce a product such as (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods useful for, inter alia, production of commercial biologic products such as amino acids. More specifically, the present invention relates to genetically modified strains of microorganisms and the use thereof for the production of commercial products. The present invention also provides, inter alia, novel isolated DNA, nucleic acid, vectors and reduced genome bacteria.

Abstract: According to the process for producing amino acid or salt thereof in the present invention, in the adsorption step, an amino acid-containing aqueous solution is fed into a pressure tight column so that a free amino acid is adsorbed on a carbonate-type anion exchange resin packed in the pressure tight column. Subsequently, in the elution step, eluent liquid containing a hydrogen carbonate ion and/or a carbonate ion is injected into the pressure tight column in a pressurized state to elute the amino acid adsorbed on the anion exchange resin and simultaneously to regenarate the anion exchange resin into the carbonate-type. In the case of purifying an acidic amino acid, an aqueous ammonium carbonate solution is employed as the eluent liquid. In the case of purifying a neutral amino acid, an aqueous carbonic acid solution, an aqueous hydrogen carbonate solution, an aqueous ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution or an aqueous ammonium carbonate solution is employed as the eluent liquid.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of intermediates useful in the synthesis of [1[S(R)],2?,4?]-4-cyclohexyl-1-[[[(2-methyl-1-oxypropoxy)propoxy](4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]acetyl]-L-proline, and the synthesis thereof, in particular as sodium salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the ybiV gene.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bacterium which has an ability to produce a useful metabolite derived from acetyl-coenzyme A, such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-cysteine, succinate, and polyhydroxybutyrate, wherein said bacterium is modified so that activities of D-xylulose-5-phosphate phosphoketolase and/or fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase are enhanced. The present invention also provides a method for producing the useful metabolite using the bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to have glycerol kinase in which feedback inhibition by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is desensitized, thereby having enhanced ability to utilize glycerol.

Abstract: The invention relates to coryneform bacteria which, instead of the singular copy of an open reading frame (ORF), gene or allele naturally present at the particular desired site (locus), have at least two copies of the open reading frame (ORF), gene or allele in question, preferably in tandem arrangement, and optionally at least a third copy of the open reading frame (ORF), gene or allele in question at a further gene site, and processes for the preparation of chemical compounds by fermentation of these bacteria.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering a basic amino acid from the fermentation liquor of a micro-organism strain that produces the basic amino acid. The method comprises the following steps: a) isolation of the micro-organisms from the fermentation liquor and b) separation of the basic amino acid from the aqueous liquor that has been obtained in step a) by the successive charging of a single or multiple stage arrangement of a strongly acidic cation exchanger in the form of a salt with the liquor obtained in step a) and the elution of the basic amino acid. According to the invention, prior to the charging process in step b), the aqueous liquor has a pH value ranging between 4 and 7.5 and at least the first stage of the carbon exchanger arrangement is pre-treated with an aqueous acid in such a way that at the end of said pre-treatment, the pH value at the discharge of the pre-treated cation exchanger ranges between 4.5 and 7.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the rspAB operon.

Abstract: A method for producing a basic substance by fermentation comprising culturing a microorganism having an ability to produce the basic substance in a liquid medium contained in a fermentation tank to produce and accumulate the basic substance in the medium, wherein amount of sulfate and/or chloride ions used as counter ions of the basic substance is reduced by adjusting total ammonia concentration in the medium to be within a specific concentration range during at least a part of the total period of culture process.

Abstract: An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which is able to produce the L-amino acid, and is modified so that the activity of ribonuclease G is decreased in a medium containing glycerol as the carbon source, and collecting the L-amino acid from the culture.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing L-histidine using bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family wherein the L-amino acid productivity of said bacterium is enhanced by enhancing an activity of the AICAR transformylase-IMP cyclohydrolase encoded by the purH gene.

Abstract: A bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which has an ability to produce an amino acid such as L-cysteine and has been modified to have specific mutation in the yeas gene, is cultured in a medium, and the L-amino acid is collected from the medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a non-aromatic L-amino acid using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia or Pantoea, which has been modified to attenuate expression of the csrA gene.

Abstract: The invention relates to coryneform bacteria which have, in addition to at least one copy, present at the natural site (locus), of an open reading frame (ORF), gene or allele which codes for the synthesis of a protein or an RNA, in each case a second, optionally third or fourth copy of this open reading frame (ORF), gene or allele at in each case a second, optionally third or fourth site in a form integrated into the chromosome and processes for the preparation of chemical compounds by fermentation of these bacteria.