Abstract: The invention provides a method for screening for colorectal cancer, the method comprising: screening a biological sample from an individual for one or more biomarkers selected from the group defined in Table 1 and/or Table 6, wherein the presence of or increased expression of the one or more biomarkers relative to a control sample is indicative that the individual is at risk of suffering from or is suffering from colorectal cancer. The invention also provides an array and kit suitable for use in the methods of the invention, methods of treating colorectal cancer and therapeutic agents for use in methods of treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for diagnosing and treating focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject is at risk of having or developing a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) comprising the step consisting of determining the level of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) in a blood sample obtained from the subject. The present invention also relates to an agent effective to inhibit the binding of CASK to hCD98 present on the surface of podocytes for use in the prevention or treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides therapeutic and prophylactic compounds and methods for altering the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (e.g. PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, PDK4). Such therapies are useful for the treatment of neoplasia. The invention further provides therapeutic and prophylactic compounds and methods of altering pyruvate dehydrogenase activity to treat or prevent cell death related to ischemia.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for identifying a compound having cell-protective (e.g., neuroprotective) activity. Compounds identified therefrom are also provided. These compounds can be used to treat various diseases, disorders, or conditions associated with, for example, unwanted cell death.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi infection, useful in the prevention and/or treatment of the Chagas disease. More specifically, the present invention relates to a recombinant mutant trans-sialidase enzyme that can be used as an efficient vaccine, without side effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds for the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase and associated disease conditions.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing and treating cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation in a subject are provided.

Abstract: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) biomarkers, NEC biomarker panels, and methods for obtaining a NEC signature for a sample are provided. Also provided are methods, compositions, and kits for making a Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) assessment of an individual, e.g. for diagnosing NEC in a patient, prognosing NEC in a patient, treating an NEC patient, etc. These methods find use in a number of applications, such as diagnosing and treating infants who are suspected of having NEC, intestinal perforation (IP), or sepsis.

Abstract: A method for screening an AMPK activator, wherein inhibition of an interaction between prohibitin and AMPK is used as an index is provided. Besides, an AMPK activator comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound inhibiting an interaction between prohibitin and AMPK, and a prohibitin-AMPK complex are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for identifying, diagnosing, and treating neuroblastoma are disclosed.

Abstract: The use of Akt3 as a biomarker for detecting the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject, and the use of Akt3 inhibitors to treat cancer is disclosed herein. Also disclosed are various methods for detecting the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject by measuring Akt3 expression and/or activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of cardiology. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for treating cardiac hypertrophy. In a specific embodiment, a method for treating or preventing cardiac hypertrophy in a patient comprises the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a glycolipid synthesis inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and assays for identifying subjects participating in clinical trials that may exhibit a placebo response and identifying treatments for subjects with varying degrees of placebo responses. In one aspect, a method of selecting subjects to participate in a clinical trial is disclosed. In another aspect, methods for treating a subject and determining a treatment dosage are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for determining a response to a treatment of a subject having, suspected of having, or at risk for developing a disorder, such as cardiovascular disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, neurological disorders, chronic pain, cancer, cancer treatments, allergies, depression, migraines, addiction, obesity, and other disorders, syndromes, or diseases, is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a method for measuring histone methyltransferase activity, a method for screening for compounds that inhibit histone methyltransferase activity, a reagent kit for measuring histone methyltransferase activity, and a kit for screening for compounds that inhibit histone methyltransferase activity. A substrate compound represented by general formula (I): R1-X-K-R2 (I), or a salt thereof, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group for an amino terminus; X represents a peptide consisting of 0 or 1 or more amino acid residues; K represents a lysine residue; and R2 represents a dye label linked via an amide bond to the carbonyl terminus of a lysine residue, wherein the cleavage of the amide bond by peptidase changes the fluorescence property or chromogenic property of the dye label, and the methylation of the ? amino group of the lysine residue by the histone methyltransferase decreases susceptibility to peptidase, is used.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and compositions to inhibit or suppress tumor growth or to treat cancer by inhibiting VprBP kinase activity. Also provided are methods of determining the effectiveness of the methods and compositions to inhibit or suppress tumor growth or to treat cancer by inhibiting VprBP kinase activity, methods for detecting a cancer, and methods for screening potential agents that inhibit VprBP kinase activity.

Abstract: A method of determining nephrotoxicity of pharmaceuticals by conducting a metabolite formation study in cells using PAH in a control group; measuring metabolite formation; exposing cells to pharmaceuticals in the treatment group; conducting the metabolite formation study using PAH; measuring the metabolite formation in the treatment group; comparing the metabolite formation in the control and treatment group, and making a determination as to the nephrotoxicity of pharmaceutical.

Abstract: The invention describes isolated mTOR-associated proteins (“mTOR-APs”) as well as isolated variants and fragments thereof and the isolated nucleic acids encoding them. The invention also describes vectors and host cells containing nucleic acid encoding an mTOR-AP polypeptide and methods for producing an mTOR-AP polypeptide. Also described are methods for screening for compounds which modulate mTOR-AP activity and methods for treating or preventing a disorder that is responsive to mTOR-AP modulation.

Abstract: The present relates to methods for detecting DNA damage in subjects treated with an ATR inhibitor. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for measuring changes in levels of ?H2AX and/or pChk1Ser345 in, e.g., surrogate tissue cells, following ex vivo stimulation with a DNA damaging agent.

Abstract: Screening assays that allow for the identification of agents that modulate the activity of N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway are provided. Also provided are methods of using an agent that modulates the activity of N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway to increase or decrease protein degradation in a cell, and to modulate physiologic and pathologic associated with N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway.

Abstract: Antibodies for detecting nitration of nitrotyrosine 247 PKG-1? and antibodies for detecting nitrotyrosine 425 of PKG-1? are disclosed. Methods of detecting nitrotyrosine 247 PKG-1? and nitrotyrosine 425 of PKG-1?, and uses thereof are also disclosed for identification and diagnosis or phenotypes, pathologies, diseases and disorders associated with protein nitration of PKG-1? are also disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, one or more of the disclosed antibodies is used in the disclosed methods.

Abstract: An analytical device for analysis of chemical or biological samples, a method of using such a device, based on rotation of the device, integrated sample dosing and optical detection, and a system comprising such a device are disclosed. The analytical device comprises a device body having a liquid processing unit. The liquid processing unit comprises a mixing chamber for mixing a sample with a reagent, a sample dosing chamber for delivering a defined volume of the sample to the mixing chamber, and a reagent channel for delivering the reagent to be mixed with the sample, wherein the mixing chamber also serves as a detection chamber.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the screening of antibacterial substances comprising a step of determining the ability of a candidate substance to inhibit the activity of a purified enzyme selected from the group consisting of: (i) a D-aspartate ligase comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence possessing at least 50% amino acid identity with an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No 1 to SEQ ID No 10, or a biologically active fragment thereof; and (ii) a L,D-transpeptidase comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence possessing at least 50% amino acid identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 11, or a biologically active fragment thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating a cell proliferative disorder in a subject is provided. The method for treating a cell proliferative disorder has a step of: administering a C1GALT1 inhibition substance to the subject for inhibiting C1GALT1 expression or activity in the subject, so as to treat the cell proliferative disorder in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for rapidly expanding a stem cell population with or without culture supplements in simulated microgravity conditions. The present invention relates to methods for rapidly increasing the life span of stem cell populations without culture supplements in simulated microgravity conditions. The present invention also relates to methods for increasing the sensitivity of cancer stem cells to chemotherapeutic agents by culturing the cancer stem cells under microgravity conditions and in the presence of omega-3 fatty acids. The methods of the present invention can also be used to proliferate cancer cells by culturing them in the presence of omega-3 fatty acids. The present invention also relates to methods for testing the sensitivity of cancer cells and cancer stem cells to chemotherapeutic agents by culturing the cancer cells and cancer stem cells under microgravity conditions.

Abstract: Methods and kits for detecting the presence of GlcNAc modification of a peptide or protein. The steps of detection may include combining the peptide or protein with PAP35S and a sulfotransferase to produce a reaction product including 35S labeled GlcNAc modified protein or peptide, removing background labeling with a glycosidase, separating the 35S labeled GlcNAc modified protein or peptide from PAP35S, free S-35 sulfate and labeled oligosaccharides if present, and detecting isotopic emissions from the 35S labeled GlcNAc modified peptide or protein. The detection may further include, prior to detection, the step of combining the peptide or protein with a GlcNAc transferase and UDP-GlcNAc under appropriate conditions for the GlcNAc transferase to transfer a GlcNAc to the peptide or protein.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for isolating and detecting rare cells from a biological sample containing other types of cells, particularly including debulking that uses a microfabricated filter for filtering samples. The enriched rare cells can be used in a downstream process such as identification, characterization or growth in culture, or in other ways. Also included is a method of determining tumor aggressiveness or the number or proportion of cancer cells in the enriched sample by detecting telomerase activity, nucleic acid or expression after enrichment of rare cells. Also provided is an efficient, rapid method to specifically remove red and white blood cells from a biological sample containing at least one of the cell types, leading to enrichment of rare target cells including circulating tumor (CTC), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, fetal, stem, or non-hematopoietic cells et cetera from a blood sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and assays for isolating and culturing seborrheic keratosis cells ex vivo. Also provided herein are screening assays using cultured seborrheic keratosis cells and methods for treating seborrheic keratosis in a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining biochemical parameters of a body fluid, wherein a sample of said body fluid in the form of a droplet is transported through a channel of a microfluidic system using a carrier liquid, mixed with a reagent thus initiating a chemical reaction between the sample and the reagent, and the result of the chemical reaction is measured, preferably with a spectrophotometer, whereby the said biochemical parameters of the body fluid are determined, characterised in that the material used for fabrication of the microfluidic system and the said carrier liquid is pair of Teflon and Fluorinert HFE-7100.

Abstract: The present invention provides moenomycin-based probe compounds of Formula (I) for use in screening inhibitors of bacterial glycosyltransferases. The present invention also provides bacterial glycosyltransferase screening assays using compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for observing or studying cells having a cell wall or invertebrate embryos with an oblong eggshell, the devices comprising wells having a conical or frustoconical shape.

Abstract: A unified homeostatic system of cholesterol and steroid hormone pathways is described, in which the uses or modulations of function of the homeostatic system of cholesterol and steroid hormone pathways are linked by lipoproteins, and are used or modulated to achieve a therapeutic benefit, to diagnose a disease or medical condition in humans, or to develop suitable active agents or combinations of active agents. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment, methods of drug development, and assay methods that rely on the new understanding of the homeostatic system are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of treating a patient at risk of developing or having a neurofibromatosis or a sporadic schwannoma. In exemplary embodiments, the method involves administering to a subject in need an effective amount of a modulator of a target related to neurofibromatosis. Also disclosed are screening assays involving the implementation of Merlin-null Schwann cells, and to compounds identified using same.

Abstract: The present invention concerns Zdhhc2, a new target involved in adipogenesis modulation. Using a siRNA approach, the inventors demonstrated that decrease in Zdhhc2 activity in adipose tissue induces a decrease in adipogenesis. Thus, the present invention relates to modulators of Zdhhc2 activity as well as screening test for identification of modulators of the activity of this target, and their use, especially in pharmaceutical composition, to modulate adipogenesis and thus treat obesity and related disorders.

Abstract: Methods and compositions disclosed herein relate to detecting, analyzing, isolating and inhibiting methyltransferases, methyltransferase substrates, S-adenosyl-methionine-binding proteins and RNA, including for the treatment of disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the survival prognosis of patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer. More specifically, the present invention provides methods which measure kinase activity by studying phosphorylation levels in response to a kinase inhibitor and profiles in samples obtained from patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. The present invention also provides methods for predicting the response of a patient diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer to a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining or predicting the response of a patient diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer to targeted pharmacotherapy. The present invention also aims to provide methods and devices for predicting the response of patients diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer to specific medicaments. More specifically, the present invention provides methods which measure kinase activity by studying phosphorylation levels and profiles and inhibitions thereof by drugs in samples of said patients.

Abstract: Methods of screening for candidate compounds capable of inhibiting activity of fyn in phosphorylating tau protein at Y394 or binding to fyn to inhibit interaction with tau protein at Y394, including determining whether, and optionally the extent, the candidate compounds have these capabilities under conditions where fyn has these capabilities in the absence of the candidate compound. Methods of screening for substances capable of promoting dephosphorylation of tau protein by a phosphatase at a site of tau protein including contacting a candidate substance, the tau protein and a phosphatase capable of dephosphorylating the tau protein under conditions where the phosphatase is capable of dephosphorylating the site in absence of the candidate substance, where the kinase is fyn; determining whether, and optionally the extent, the candidate substance promotes dephosphorylation of the tau protein at the site; and selecting the candidate substance which promotes dephosphorylation of the tau protein the sites.

Abstract: Provided in certain embodiments are new methods for forming azido modified biomolecule conjugates of reporter molecules, carrier molecules or solid support. In other embodiments are provided methods for enzymatically labeling a biomolecules with an azide group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treating autism. Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treating an autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of quantifying the activity of a protein modifying enzyme in a sample, comprising: (i) grouping modified peptides from a first sample and modified peptides from a second sample into a single group according to one of the following parameters: (a) modified peptides having a modification site that is modified by the same protein modifying enzyme; or (b) modified peptides having a modification site that is part of the same modification motif; (ii) calculating enrichment of the modified peptides from the first sample compared to the modified peptides from the second sample in the group; and (iii) calculating the statistical significance of said enrichment; wherein a statistically significant enrichment is indicative of a protein modifying enzyme being activated in the first sample compared to the second sample. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying modified peptides in a first sample and a second sample using mass spectrometry (MS) prior to step (i).

Abstract: For efficient analysis of a protein-protein interaction, the present disclosure provides a kit for analyzing a protein-protein interaction, the kit including: a 1st expression vector including a 1st polynucleotide and a multi-cloning site, wherein, the 1st polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter and encodes a 1st fusion protein having a 1st fluorescence protein and a 1st self-assembly protein, and the multi-cloning site is a site where a polynucleotide encoding a bait protein may be operably linked to the polynucleotide encoding the 1st fusion protein; and a 2nd expression vector including a 2nd polynucleotide and a multi-cloning site, wherein, the 2nd polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter and encodes a 2nd fusion protein having a 2nd fluorescence protein and a 2nd self-assembly protein, and the multi-cloning site is a site where a polynucleotide encoding a prey protein may be operably linked to the polynucleotide encoding the 2nd fusion protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides fusion proteins as biomarkers specific for chromosomal translocation-based conditions (e.g., cancer), related methods for detecting fusion protein biomarkers associated with chromosomal translocation-based conditions, related methods for quantifying amount of fusion protein expression, and related methods for diagnosing chromosomal translocation-based conditions through detection of such fusion protein biomarkers. Such fusion protein biomarkers and related methods additionally find use in research settings.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for transforming primary mammalian cells using an oncogenic form of ALK wherein the transformed cells display features of that of a corresponding tumor cell isolated from a cancer subject. The invention also provides a method for immortalizing normal CD4+ T lymphocytes with a lymphoma-characteristic form of ALK such as NPM-ALK.

Abstract: Drug targets, pathways, kits and methods for treating conditions related to neurodegeneration or ocular disease, are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, assays and kits for evaluating a sample, e.g., a sample obtained from a cancer patient, to detect one or more hedgehog biomarkers and/or one or more cilium markers. Thus, the invention can be used, inter alia, as a means to identify patients likely to benefit from administration of one or more hedgehog inhibitors, alone or in combination with therapeutic agents; to predict a time course of disease or a probability of a significant event in the disease of a cancer patient; to stratify patient populations; and/or to more effectively treat or prevent a cancer or a tumor associated with hedgehog signaling.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapies through modulation of BAL1 and/or BBAP. Also provided are methods for predicting the efficacy of cancer therapies or treating cancer in a subject through modulation of BAL1 and/or BBAP. Further provided are methods for identifying compounds that are capable of modulating BAL1-BBAP complexes.

Abstract: Pseudomonas exotoxin A or “PE” is a 66 kD, highly potent, cytotoxic protein secreted by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Various forms of PE have been coupled to other proteins, such as antibodies, to generate therapeutically useful cytotoxin conjugates that selectively target cells of a desired phenotype (such as tumor cells). In the present invention, peptides spanning the sequence of an approximately 38 kD form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein were analyzed for the presence of immunogenic CD4+ T cell epitopes. Six immunogenic T cell epitopes were identified. Residues were identified within each epitope for introduction of targeted amino acid substitutions to reduce or prevent immunogenic T-cell responses in PE molecules which may be administered to a heterologous host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that modulate ribosomal frameshifting and nucleic acid constructs for use in methods for identifying or validation of compounds that modulate ribosomal frameshifting. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid constructs to identify or validate compounds capable of modulating the efficiency of programmed ribosomal frameshifting and the use of compounds that modulate the efficiency of programmed ribosomal frameshifting to inhibit the replication or infectivity of viruses that employ programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

Abstract: Disclosed is an assay (method) to quantify the amounts of catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) protein in samples, such as extracts from cell cultures, body fluids, tissues, and environmental samples. It uses novel agents (anti-NE, COMT-NE, or COMT-epitope-NE) in combination with two previously described agents (anti-COMT and COMT) in a competitive ELISA system to achieve this aim.

Abstract: A protein used as a biomarker for diagnosing IgA nephropathy and TGBM (thin-glomerular-basement-membrane) using urine through a target proteomics method. A diagnosis biomarker protein and a kit for diagnosing IgA nephropathy and TGBM and predicting progress of the nephropathy in advance using the protein are provided. The degree of the progression of the disease can be grasped by detecting IgA nephropathy and TGBM, enabling early diagnosis and confirming progress from the patient's urine. In addition, a monoclonal antibody produced based on the diagnosis biomarker protein can be used for an immunoassay kit (ELISA, antibody coated tube test, lateral-flow test, potable biosensor). The monoclonal antibody is used in early diagnosis and progression detection of IgA nephropathy and development of a novel drug for the purpose of treatment.