Abstract: The transfer of a textile dye from a dyed fabric to another fabric during washing or rinsing is inhibited by adding an enzyme exhibiting peroxidase activity or an enzyme exhibiting a suitable oxidase activity to the wash liquor in which said fabrics are washed and/or rinsed. Peroxidase is produced extracellularly by some strains of Bacillus pumilus. The novel peroxidase preparation from B. pumilus is a microperoxidase, i.e. it contains hemopeptide as an active component. The preparation has improved stability at high temperature, at high pH and at high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. It can be produced without undesired catalase activity.

Abstract: Enzyme granules having an average particle size of from about 1 to about 2.2 mm are disclosed. The enzyme granules comprise an extruded particulate first enzyme component containing at least one enzyme and organic and/or inorganic carrier material and a second particulate enzyme component containing at least one particulate enzyme different from the one enzyme in the said first enzyme component, wherein the second particulate enzyme component is agglomerated onto the particulate first enzyme component, and wherein the average particle size of the particulate first enzyme component is in the range of from about 1.1 to about 3 times the average particle size of the second particulate enzyme component. Furthermore, a process for the preparation of the enzyme granules is disclosed.

Abstract: Substantially dust-free enzyme-containing particles are prepared by spray-coating solid particulate cores with a fermentation broth containing enzymes. Fermentation broths containing from 5% to 100% total enzyme solids and 4%-55% total solids content in the broth may be used. For broths containing 4%-31% total solids, enzyme and coating agents may be spray-coated so as to achieve a weight gain of 1%-24% w/w over the initial weight of the cores. For broths with 31%-55% total solids, a corresponding weight gain of 1%-100% may be achieved. The enzyme coated cores may be further coated with coating agents. The total dry weight added to the cores ranges from 1% to 19% in the absence of coating agents and 1% to 24% in the presence of coating agents when the lower range of total solids content is used. The total dry weight added to the cores ranges from 1% to 100% when the higher range of total solids content is used.

Abstract: Enzymatic compositions with improved storage stability of the enzymes contained therein are obtained by including an enzyme stabiliser, preferably by way of a particular process.

Abstract: An immobilized enzyme is prepared for synthesis in a mainly organic medium devoid of free water. In one embodiment, an enzyme and liquid binder are introduced by atomization onto a particulate silica carrier having a particle size below 100 .mu.m in a granulator and simultaneously granulating to form the immobilized enzyme. In another embodiment, a liquid enzyme composition is contacted with the particulate silica carrier to obtain a particulate immobilized enzyme having a particle size below 100 .mu.m, the immobilized enzyme is introduced into granulator, a liquid binder is introduced into the granulator and granulation is carried out. The enzyme is preferably a lipase such as a thermostable lipase, and the immobilized lipase is used for interesterification of fats or synthesis of fatty acid esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a protein composition soluble in organic solvents, comprising mixing a protein of interest with a surfactant and a water immiscible organic solvent in amounts and under conditions conducive to the formation of a reverse micelle solution, and evaporating the resulting reverse micelle solution to dryness.

Abstract: Enzyme granules which comprise in their composition, in addition to the enzyme, water-soluble and water-insoluble fillers, binders and if appropriate other granulating auxiliaries, a formate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and if appropriate reducing sugars being added to them to stabilize the enzyme, are described. All the enzymes customary for detergents and cleaning purposes, in particular alkaline proteases, can be processed into the enzyme granules. A process for the preparation of these enzyme granules and their use in pulverulent detergent formulations are also described.

Abstract: A chemically commercially sterilized enzyme composition for addition to a pasteurized dairy product to reduce gradually the lactose content of the dairy product and to introduce functioning enzymes into the digestive tract of an individual when the dairy product is ingested.

Abstract: A method for aerobic composition of organic waste material including high flow-rate aeration to provide beneficial soil amendments, fertilizers, and supplemental heat sources.

Abstract: Liquid enzyme formulations which contain the enzyme in the form of aqueous enzyme particle suspension, colloidal fillers and a liquid alkylene oxide polymer based on ethylenediamine and having a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 8200. The liquid enzyme formulations of the invention may contain any enzyme customarily incorporated in detergents or used for cleaning purposes, especially alkaline proteases. Processes for preparing such liquid enzyme formulations and for using them in liquid detergents and/or cleaners are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for the biological treatment of sewage in a sewage treatment plant, of wastestreams and of ponds are disclosed. The methods employ a composition comprising active amounts of an enzyme mixture, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens, and a nutrient source having a COD of 10,000 mg/kg or less, of which one source is used mushroom compost. The composition is first activated in fresh water, is then acclimated in a waste moiety, and the acclimated mixture is then used to treat the main body of the waste, such as sewage sludge, a wastestream or a pond.

Abstract: A novel trehalase inhibitor having the following physicochemical properties:(1) Activity: a specific inhibitory activity to trehalase;(2) Form: white powder, water-soluble;(3) Somogy-Nelson test: negative(4) Rydon-Smith test: positive(5) Optical rotation [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.23 : 113.8.degree. (C, 0.1, H.sub.2 O)(6) Molecular weight: 335 ([M+H].sup.+ =336)(7) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: 258.5 nm (max.)(8) .sup.13 C-NMR(ppm): 28.9, 41.0, 56.9, 58.4, 64.3, 65.0, 71.3, 74.0, 75.2, 75.8, 76.0, 77.1, 123.0, 144.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detergent additive comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible detergent active compound such as enzyme characterized in that said compound is mixed with a surfactant before absorption into a porous hydrophobic material such as silica, said porous material subsequently being coated with a hydrophobic material such as silicone oil. Detergent compositions containing said additive are also encompassed.

Abstract: A stabilized dust-free powdered enzyme/bacterial fermentation product is provided for readily treating drains, septic tanks, distribution boxes, holding tanks, drain fields, sewer lines, dry wells, grease traps, compost heaps, and garbage disposals. The stabilized powdered formulation effectively digests and liquifies most organic wastes flushed into on-site waste disposal systems. The environmentally attractive product can also be used for regular periodic sludge pumpouts. The waste-digesting composition can include: enzymes, enzyme preservatives, enzyme activators, nonpathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, bacterial nutrients, buffers, emulsifiers, and heavy metal scavengers. In a preferred embodiment the composition contains multiple enzymes having less than 26% by weight of the total weight of the composition, and specifically 0.1% to 15% protease, 0.1% to 15% amylase, 0.1% to 15% cellulase, 0.1% to 15% lipase, 0.1% to 15% Bacillus species, 0.

Abstract: A method of separating a hydrophobic fermentation product selected from the group consisting of lipase, esterase, endoxylanase and an antibiotic from a mixture comprising said product and contaminants which method comprises adding to the mixture sequentially(1) 0.5 to 15% (w/v) of a nonionic surfactant,(2) 0.5 to 60 mg of a flocculating agent per gram of said mixture,(3) 1 to 20% (w/v) of an extra nonionic surfactant,(4) a suitable K, Na, NH.sub.4 or Mg salt selected from the group of chlorides, sulfates, acetates, carbonates or phosphates, whereby the concentration of the salt is chosen so as to have the surfactant layer on top and is between 2 and 30%;to obtain a three phase product mixture, separating the product mixture into liquid-liquid-solid fractions and recovering the hydrophobic fermentation product.

Abstract: A method for aerobic composition of organic waste material including high flow-rate aeration, compaction of the organic material, and percolation of moister released therefrom to provide beneficial soil amendments, fertilizers, and supplemental heat sources.

Abstract: A novel trehalase inhibitor having the following physicochemical properties:(1) Activity: a specific inhibitory activity to trehalase;(2) Form: white powder, water-soluble;(3) Somogy-Nelson test: negative(4) Rydon-Smith test: positive(5) Optical rotation [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.23 : 113.8.degree. (C, 0.1 H.sub.2 O)(6) Molecular weight: 335 ([M+H].sup.+ =336)(7) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: 258.5 nm (max.)(8) .sup.13 C-NMR(ppm): 28.9, 41.0, 56.9, 58.4, 64.3, 65.0, 71.3, 74.0, 75.2, 75.8, 76.0, 77.1, 123.0, 144.

Abstract: The-invention provides novel DNA and peptide sequences encoding a family of phospholipase A.sub.2 enzymes, with specific activities of approximately 20 .mu.mol/min/mg in the mixed micelle assay. These enzymes are useful in methods for detecting the anti-inflammatory potential of various chemical agents. The invention also details novel methods for determining such potential using the novel sequences, methods for making the novel peptides, and methods for developing new anti-inflammatory drugs.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition comprising certain .beta.-aminoalkylboronic acids or esters (see compound structure below) as protease inhibitors, protease, and detersive surfactant is presented.

Abstract: A granular enzyme composition is produced, having reduced tendencies to form dust and leave residue, and exhibiting improved stability and delayed release characteristics. The granular composition comprises a core, an enzyme layer and an outer coating layer. The enzyme layer, and optionally the core and outer coating layer, contain a vinyl polymer. The vinyl polymer is preferably a hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol or copolymer thereof. The hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol has varying degrees of hydrolysis in the core, enzyme layer and outer coating layer. Also disclosed are methods for making such enzyme-containing granules, the methods having greatly reduced processing time.

Abstract: A process for the production of dry, free-flowing, enzyme preparations by spraying aqueous enzyme dispersions, which may contain additives, in a spraying apparatus, which comprises the enzyme dispersion being sprayed in the presence of from 5 to 60% by weight, based on the content of enzyme in the dispersion, of a spray auxiliary composed of hydrophobic silica and/or a metal salt of a higher fatty acid at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., and drying the resulting particles loaded with spray auxiliary.

Abstract: Novel alkaline serine proteases produced by Nocardiopsis sp. strains, for example by aerobic cultivation of strain 10R (NRRL-18262) and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain M58-1 (NRRL 18133), the proteases being characterized by a pH optimum of about 8, and by retention of at least 60% of maximum activity at pH 7-11 measured with casein as substrate.The proteases of the invention may be distinguished from the known protease of the Nocardiopsis strain ZIMET 43647 (of East German 2004328) and known Bacillus and fungal alkaline proteases. The Alkaline proteases of strains 10R and M58-1 may also be distinguished from each other.The protease preparations of this invention are useful detergent additives for cold water laundering.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of a water dispersible isophthalic acid polymer as a dust free coating on particulates. The particles provide a timed release of the contents of the particle which allows for reduced amounts of active agents on the coatings and less interference between active agents in the coating or environment and the particulates.

Abstract: A room temperature stable restriction enzyme in a glassified carbohydrate stabilizer is disclosed. A restriction enzyme reaction buffer containing Mg.sup.+2 is dispersed in the stabilizer. One cleaves DNA merely by adding water and DNA to the composition. The composition can reduce glycerol-caused star activity by avoiding the need for glycerol. The composition also reduces star activity caused by high concentrations of enzymes. Another method is provided of comparing cleaved DNA samples in connection with forensic and paternity testing applications.

Abstract: An acyloxyacyl hydrolase from the human promyelocyte cell line HL-60 has been found to specifically hydrolyze fatty acids from their ester linkages to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids, the latter being bound in turn to LPS glycosaminyl residues. The hydrolyzed fatty acids may include dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. This enzyme showed a molecular weight by gel exclusion chromatography between about 50,000 Daltons and about 70,000 Daltons.Altered bacterial LPS substantially without fatty acids bound in ester linkage to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids covalently linked to a glucosaminyl moiety of LPS lipid A are produced. Since the structure of the lipid A moiety is highly conserved, acThe U.S. Government may have rights in the present invention because the development was partially supported by NIH grant R01 AI18188 from the Department of Health and Human Services.

Abstract: Arylacylamidase can be stabilized by inhibiting conformational changes using either o-cresol or benzoic acid or salts of benzoic acid as a stabilizing agent. The compositions show significantly enhanced stability of arylacylamidase in aqueous solution, lyophilized, and solid-phase formats.

Abstract: Lipase is absorbed on a carrier to provide an immobilized lipase preparation containing 0.5 to 8% water by a process that does not require drying. The process is carried out by providing a solution or dispersion of lipase in a liquid solvent, mixing the solution or dispersion of lipase with a carrier to provide a mixture containing 0.5 to 8% water and kneading the mixture to produce the immobilized lipase preparation. The solution or dispersion of lipase may contain an enzyme activity enhancing agent such as a fatty acid or its derivative such as lecithin. By not drying, an immobilized lipase preparation having higher activity is obtained.

Abstract: Crystalline subtilisin is produced by adding a halide salt, such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride, to a concentrated subtilisin solution (at least about 40 g/1). This process does not produce amorphous subtilisin even at high salt concentrations in the solution. Optionally, subtilisin seed crystals also may be added to the concentrate to speed up the crystallization process.

Abstract: The particle size of amorphous protein material is reduced to uniform particulates without protein decomposition or loss of activity by passing the material through a fluid-energy mill.

Abstract: An enzymatic reagent, kit and method for determining the concentration of monovalent anions, especially chloride, particularly in clinical samples, and especially in a single-reagent format suitable for automated clinical chemistry analyzers.

Abstract: The granulate detergent enzyme product comprises a core of a microbial enzyme containing material with an enteric coating. Due to the coating the enzymatic stability is enhanced, in the presence of other detergent components, espacially strong bleaching agents. The coating is usually carried out in a fluid bed. Also coatings with antioxidants and acid coatings enhance the enzymatic stability.

Abstract: Indicators for the detection of thio groups are disclosed together with processes for the preparation of such indicators.

Abstract: A product obtained by granulating an enzyme powder must avoid emitting dust, possess high strength, exhibit the property of quickly dissolving in water where such ready solution is necessary for the intended application, defy absorption of moisture or deformation for a long time, and preserve without a sacrifice of activity. The method of this invention produces granules of raw enzyme powder possessed of the qualities mentioned above by admixing the enzyme powder with polyethylene glycol or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer of specific quality as a binder and granulating by agitating the resulting combination at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the binder. This method is suitable for production of enzyme-containing granules for use in detergents, medicines, etc.

Abstract: An enzyme granulation process wherein an enzyme solution or suspension, filler, binder and cellulose or artificial fibres are granulated with fines and oversize particles of the granulate product particle the process being characterized by recirculation of fines without grinding, by grinding oversize particles then recirculation thereof, with the recirculated particles as a whole exhibiting a cumulative size distribution of the same general shape as the cumulative size distribution of the granulate product particles.

Abstract: A enzyme-containing solid composition is prepared by a process comprising removing the solvent from a mixture of a water-soluble enzyme, a water-insoluble metal salt of a fatty acid and an organic solvent.

Abstract: Lipase is derived from Humicola sp. (incl. Theremomyces sp.), preferably H. lanuginosa. This lipase is found to have high activity at alkaline pH and to be compatible with anionic surfactants, and it is more effective as a detergent additive than previously described detergent lipases.

Abstract: A method for granulating an enzyme is disclosed, which comprises supplying a granulator with a feed composition consisting essentially of from 1 to 35% by weight of an enzyme and from 0.5 to 30% by weight of a synthetic fiber chip or pulp, with the balance being an extender or filler, shaping the supplied feed composition into granules and drying said granules. A granulated enzyme product thereof is also disclosed, having an improved stability and enhanced strength, as well as a high degree of disintegratability in washing water.

Abstract: Dust free enzyme containing particles are produced by coating hydratable core particles with an enzyme and then with a film-forming macro-molecular material. Coating is carried out by suspending the core particles in a fluidized bed dryer, spraying an aqueous slurry of enzyme onto the core particles while suspended, and evaporating water to leave a dried enzyme coat on the particles. The resultant enzyme-coated particles, while still suspended in the fluidized bed, are sprayed with a solution or dispersion of the macro-molecular material, and dried to remove solvent to leave a coating of the macro-molecular material.

Abstract: Enzyme containing granulates containing less than 2% chloride and besides enzyme, coating materials, granulating aids and water, more than 35% w/w of a filler system consisting of from 5-70% w/w of the granulate composition of one or more water soluble sulphates, and 5-70% w/w water insoluble salts, especially sulphates, carbonates, phosphates or silicates. The granulates exhibit an excellent storage stability and a satisfactory physical strength.

Abstract: Compositions containing proteolytic enzymes having no detectable odor at a concentration of less than about 0.002 Anson units per gram of distilled water, and selected perfume materials for improved odor. Heavy-duty liquid detergents are preferred.

Abstract: Enzyme particles are coated or at least partially coated with a salt of a lower alkyl siliconic acid and/or polymerization product(s) thereof which may be formed from such acid on storage. The coated enzyme particles are useful as components of heavy duty fabric softening laundry detergent compositions, such as those which contain bentonite to soften laundry. The coating material, which may be more simply referred to as the siliconate, assists in stabilizing the enzyme when such is incorporated in detergent compositions, helps to prevent adherence of the coated particles to container or compartment walls and can aid in controlling the foaming activity of the built synthetic organic detergents.

Abstract: Reagent mixtures for single test which allow for rapid determination of drugs without sophisticated equipment. Into a single vial as dry powders are combined an enzyme bound ligand reagent, an antiligand reagent (antibody), appropriate substrates, bulking agents, as well as other additives. Upon addition to the reagent mixture of an appropriate volume of diluent and the sample suspected of containing the drug, optionally subject to prior treatment and/or dilution, the reagents are activated and either a single reading at a predetermined time interval or two or more readings over a predetermined time interval are taken of spectrophotometric changes in the solution. By comparison to a standard, the concentration of the drug may be determined quantitatively.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing non-dusting, enzyme-containing particles, e.g. for introduction into washing compositions, comprising homogeneously mixing an amount of an enzyme in dry or substantially dry form to give the desired enzyme activity in the particles when formed, about 20% to about 60% of a hydrophilic organic cohesive compatible with the enzyme, about 10% to about 60% of a building agent suitable for use in enzyme compositions, and a sufficient amount of water, if necessary, to give a moisture content in the particles, when formed, of from 5% to 15%, mechanically dividing the mixture obtained into particles of the desired size, and coating the particles to prevent loss of moisture and the novel enzyme particles produced thereby as well as washing compositions and pharmaceutical compositions containing said enzyme particles.

Abstract: This invention involves a process for the preparation of spray dried enzymes.