Abstract: A method for using a composition including a neutralizing system and a sequestering agent which prevents the accumulation of inorganic deposits on contact lenses, particularly when used regularly in a conventional hydrogen peroxide disinfection regimen. The neutralizing system includes at least one reducing agent, a reductase, or both. The sequestering agent preferably is gluconic acid, a polymetaphosphate or their salts. Sodium hexametaphosphate is the most preferred sequestering agent; catalase is the most preferred agent for use as the neutralizing system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalases obtained from a strain of Scytalidium thermophilum or Humicola insolens which retains at least 75% residual activity after 20 minutes at 70.degree. C. and a pH in the range of 9.0-10.5 in the presence of 40 mM polyvinyl pyrrolidone and methods for producing and using same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to D. immitis Gp29 proteins, nucleic acid molecules having sequences that encode such proteins, antibodies raised against such proteins and inhibitors of D. immitis glutathione peroxidase. The present invention also includes methods to obtain such nucleic acid molecules, proteins, antibodies and inhibitors. The present invention also includes therapeutic compositions comprising such nucleic acid molecules, proteins, antibodies and inhibitors as well as their use to protect animals from disease caused by parasitic helminths, such as heartworm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining histamine content as a freshness index of food. An examination liquid is injected in a reaction cell, an amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) is recorded through an oxygen sensor and an amplifier in the recorder. Then, an enzymatic reagent having histamine oxidase activity is injected in the reaction cell, a decrease in the dissolved oxygen is recorded in the recorder, and the histamine concentration is determined on the basis of the decrease by a micro computer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are disclosed, in which amounts of a haloperoxidase, such as myeloperoxidase or eosinophil peroxidase, and a semen substrate-specific oxidase are administered to a human or animal subject in the environment of sexually transmitted fluids. In the presence of semen, the semen substrate-specific oxidase catalyzes the production of hydrogen peroxide, which in turn is utilized by the haloperoxidase to selectively inhibit pathogenic microbes present in the sexually transmitted fluids. At high concentration levels, the compositions additionally exhibit spermicidal properties.

Abstract: "A method for selectively deactivating catalase while retaining D-amino acid oxidase activity is disclosed. The catalase and oxidase are both present in whole cells or a cell-free extract. The method comprises combining the whole cells or the cell-free extract with a basic solution at a pH between about 11 and about 12. The catalase activity is eliminated and the oxidase activity is unaffected. This results in the production of a solution which contains oxidase activity but no catalase activity. The whole cells and cell-free extract are preferably from Triginopsis variabilis.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for catalyzing sequential reductive dehalogenation reactions on aliphatic halocarbons using free radical intermediates. More specifically, this invention involves the use of biologically derived peroxidases in the generation of a variety of oxidation or reduction agents consisting of cation radicals, anion radicals, neutral radicals, or oxygen radicals. Such oxidation and reduction agents can be employed in combination to carry out sequential reductive dehalogenation reactions on aliphatic halocarbons to thereby degrade various recalcitrant organic compounds such as organic environmental pollutants.

Abstract: The white rot fungus Scytinostroma galactinum strain F361 and mutants thereof are particularly effective in selectively grading the lignin component of lignin-containing materials, particularly processed wood pulps including chemical pulps, and also particularly effective in degrading lignin degradation products such as chlorinated degraded lignin by-products as found, for example, in E-1 effluents, and also in degrading chlorine-containing aromatic compounds generally as found in aqueous waste streams containing the same.

Abstract: Enzyme electrodes having the enzyme enclosed within liposomes supported on, or in a membrane and immobilized therein are provided. The liposomes may be made using lipids and conveniently by "reverse phase evaporation". The enzyme electrodes incorporate conventional electrode elements, e.g., THE Clark electrode pair (Platinum/Silver) and additional membranes or screens, and used particularly in amperometric measurements. The enzyme can be an oxidase and is useful for measurement, directly or indirectly, of low molecular weight species generated by enzymic action, and effective for study of biological fluids.

Abstract: An improved enzymatic process for reacting glycolic acid and oxygen in an aqueous solution in the presence of aminomethylphosphonic acid wherein the improvement comprises using a microbial cell catalyst that expresses glycolate oxidase (e.g., Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Aspergillus nidulans, or Escherichia coli) and endogenous catalase; soluble catalase may also be included. The resulting mixtures are useful intermediates in the production of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine.

Abstract: A process is described for the dimerization of a substituted aromatic compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents --OH, --SH or --NHR where R is H, an alkyl group or an aryl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alicyclic group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, or an amino group; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can have the same definition as R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and may additionally represent a hydrogen atom; which comprises reacting the substituted aromatic compound in the presence of a peroxidase enzyme, a peroxide and a radical transfer agent in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are lyophilized biologically active proteinaceous compositions containing low diol polyalkylene oxide, such as polyethylene glycol, covalently attached to a biologically active proteinaceous substance and combined with the cryoprotectant cyclodextrin.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for destroying hydrogen peroxide, for example, contact lens disinfecting amounts of hydrogen peroxide, are disclosed. The present invention utilizes non-mammalian-derived catalase, for example, catalase obtained as a result of the action of one or more microorganisms such as Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger and mixtures thereof, to promote the destruction of hydrogen peroxide. Such non-mammalian-derived catalase has substantial advantages, e.g., enhanced stability, relative to bovine catalase, which is conventionally used in such contact lens-related applications.

Abstract: Lactoperoxidase, secretory component and lactoferrin are separated in high purity from milk and related materials such as whey with a single cation exchange resin. After adsorption on the cation exchange resin, elution is carried out with an aqueous solution having an ionic strength and pH selected to elute each separately. Lactoperoxidase is eluted first, secretory component second and lactoferrin last. Each is obtained in a purity of about 80% or greater. The cation exchange resin can be a cross-linked polysaccharide, cellulose or an acrylamide resin having carboxyl, sulfonic acid or phosphoric acid functional groups which may be attached with a spacer. The separated lactoperoxidase, secretory component and lactoferrin are biologically active and can be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, drinks and feeds.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for killing or inhibiting the growth of yeast or sporular microorganisms by contacting the microorganisms, in the presence of a peroxide and chloride or bromide, with a haloperoxidase and at least one antimicrobial activity enhancing agent. Suitable antimicrobial activity enhancing agents include certain .alpha.-amino acids, and are preferably compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted, straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted arylalky group having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Biocatalytic oxidative processes wherein oxidizable substrates are reacted in the presence of soybean peroxidase are described. Preferred biocatalytic oxidative reactions include the oxidation of sulfides, O-dealkylation of alkyl aryl ethers, N-dealkylation of aromatic amines, halogenation of halogen-reactive compounds and polymerization of aromatic amines. Examples of such reactions include the oxidation of alkyl aryl sulfides, the O-dealkylation of methoxybenzenes, the N-dealkylation of N,N-dimethyl aromatic amines halogenation of 5,5-dimethyl 1,3-cyclohexane dione, and the polymerization of aniline which can yield an intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP). A solution of substrate is prepared and then contacted with soybean peroxidasein the presence of a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide. The reactions are preferably carried out in the presence of 10 to 100 mM calcium ions.

Abstract: Peroxidase can be recovered from seed hulls in an improved method using a freeze-thaw technique. First, the seed hulls are comminuted, placed into water and homogenized. Next, the homogenate is frozen then thawed. The enzyme is then recovered from the aqueous solution by conventional means. Soybean or rice seed hulls can be used in this process.

Abstract: A microbial catalase having a catalase activity at 0.degree. C. of 95% or more of its catalase activity at 30.degree. C., when measured at pH 7, and a process for producing the same. The microbial catalase preferably has (1) an operative temperature of 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. and an optimum temperature of 0.degree. to 30.degree. C., (2) an optimum pH of 7 to 10, (3) a resistance to 10 mM potassium fluoride, (4) a molecular weight is 65,000.+-.3,000, when measured by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and (5) an isoelectric point is about 4.8, when measured by isoelectric focusing. The catalase is obtainable from Bacillus subtilis IAM 1206 (FERM BP-4844) or a mutant strain thereof.

Abstract: Composition and methods; for carrying out a variety of oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, or both utilizing a free radical generating catalyst, a mediator, and a reductant are disclosed. The free radical generating catalyst is generally a peroxidase obtained from living organisms, such as white rot fungi. Suitable peroxidases include lignin peroxidase, horse radish peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase. Suitable mediators include veratryl alcohol, iodine, methoxybenzenes, Mn II, and ABTS. Suitable reductants include EDTA, oxalate, hydroquinones, quinones plus quinone reductase, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A substantially pure recombinant human myeloperoxidase heme-containing precursor, comprising a glycoprotein of 84 KD with the amino acid sequence coded for by the nucleotide sequence from 145 to 2235 corresponding to codons 49 to 745 in phase after the first methionine codon in FIG. 1 produced by culturing prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transformed by a vector for the expression of human myeloperoxidase precursor in said cells.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for killing or inhibiting the growth of yeast or sporular microorganisms by contacting the microorganisms, in the presence of a peroxide and chloride or bromide, with a haloperoxidase and at least one antimicrobial activity enhancing agent. Suitable antimicrobial activity enhancing agents include certain .alpha.-amino acids, and are preferably compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted, straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted arylalky group having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The antigenicity of a myeloperoxidase is stabilized by applying a solution of cyclodextrin to a myeloperoxidase and incubating the myeloperoxidase with the solution of cyclodextrin. The myeloperoxidase may be immobilized on an insoluble carrier prior to applying the solution of cyclodextrin. The stabilized myeloperoxidase can be stored for a long period of time, even at high temperature, and used as a reagent in an immunoassay.

Abstract: A process for the production of glyoxylic acid by reacting glycolic acid with oxygen in an aqueous solution in the presence of an amine buffer capable of forming a chemical adduct with glyoxylic acid, and glycolate oxidase and catalase immobilized or co-immobilized on an insoluble support is disclosed. The reaction is carried out at a pH of 7 to 10, preferably 8 to 9.5, an initial concentration of glycolic acid of 200 to 2500 mM, a concentration of amine wherein the initial mole ratio of amine to glycolic acid is within the range of 1.0 to 3.0, a concentration of immobilized catalase of 50 to 100,00 IU/mL, preferably 350 to 14,000 IU/mL, an oxygen pressure of up to 50 atmospheres, preferably 15 atmospheres, an immobilized glycolate oxidase concentration of about 0.01 to 10 IU/mL, preferably about 0.1 to 4 IU/mL, and a temperature of 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. preferably 5.degree. to 15.degree. C. Preferred insoluble immobilization supports are Eupergit C-250L and Eupergit C (Oxirane acrylic beads).

Abstract: The white rot fungus Scytinostroma galactinum strain F361 and mutants thereof are particularly effective in selectively grading the lignin component of lignin-containing materials, particularly processed wood pulps including chemical pulps, and also particularly effective in degrading lignin degradation products such as chlorinated degraded lignin by-products as found, for example, in E-1 effluents, and also in degrading chlorine-containing aromatic compounds generally as found in aqueous waste streams containing the same.

Abstract: A method for selectively deactivating catalase while retaining D-amino acid oxidase activity is disclosed. The catalase and the oxidase are both present in whole cells or a cell-free extract. The method comprises combining the whole cells or the cell-free extract with a basic solution at a pH between about 11 and about 12 for a time of about 1 hour and 45 minutes to about 2 hours. The catalase activity is eliminated and the oxidase activity is uneffected. This results in the production of a solution which contains the oxidase and which has no catalase activity. The pH of the solution containing the oxidase is then lowered to provide a D-amino acid oxidase capable of enzymatic oxidation of cephalosporin C to glutaryl-7-ACA in high yields. The whole cells and cell-free extract are preferrably from Triginopsis variablilis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of lignolytic enzymes by means of white rot fungi. In the process, a culture composed of the fungi of the subclass of the Aphyllophorales is placed in a closed fermentation vessel filled with a nutrient solution and the suspension is gently moved for the production of pellets of Aphyllophorales, such that there cannot be any shearing forces which would destroy the pellets, wherein the enzymes are produced with the addition of yeasts or benzaldehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, nitrobenzaldehydes, hydroxybenzaldehydes, aminobenzaldehydes, methylbenzaldehydes, diaryls or triaryls, dialkylalkanes, trialkyl alkanes, open-chained or cyclic imines or derivatives of the aforementioned substances as inductive compounds, wherein the induction may take place one time or several times, and the enzymes are subsequently harvested.

Abstract: 2-methyl-4-hexene- and 3-methyl-5-heptene-l,2-diol derivatives are disclosed together with methods for preparing such derivatives. Where the derivative is a 2-methyl-4-nexene- or 3-methyl-5-heptene-l,2-diol conjugated to a label, the conjugates are useful in immunoassays. Where the 2-methyl-4-hexene or 3-methyl-5-heptene-l,2-diol is conjugated to an immunogenic carrier, the conjugates may be employed as an immunogen for use in the preparation of antibodies. The label conjugate and the antibodies can be utilized in an immunoassay for the determination or detection of cyclosporin in a sample suspected of containing cyclosporin.

Abstract: Biocatalytic oxidative processes wherein oxidizable substrates are reacted in the presence of a peroxidase such as soybean peroxidase or another legume peroxidase is described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for killing or inhibiting the growth of yeast or sporular microorganisms by contacting the microorganisms, in the presence of a peroxide and chloride or bromide, with a haloperoxidase and at least one antimicrobial activity enhancing agent. Suitable antimicrobial activity enhancing agents include certain .alpha.-amino acids, and are preferably compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted, straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted, or hydroxy or amino substituted arylalky group having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are lyophilized biologically active proteinaceous compositions containing low diol polyalkylene oxide, such as polyethylene glycol, covalently attached to a biologically active proteinaceous substance and combined with the cryoprotectant cyclodextrin.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel fructosylamine deglycase characterized by the specificity to amadori compounds of catalyzing oxidation of the compounds to produce an .alpha.-ketoaldehyde, an amine derivative and hydrogen peroxide; a method of producing the novel enzyme by cultivating microorganisms belonging to the genus Candida and having an ability of producing the novel enzyme; and a method of quantitative determination of amadori compounds by applying the novel enzyme to a sample containing amadori compounds to measure the amount of the hydrogen peroxide to be formed by the oxidation reaction or measure the amount of the oxygen to be consumed by the reaction to thereby obtain the amount of the amadori compounds from the measured value. The invention provides a novel enzyme characterized by the high specificity to the reaction with amadori compounds, especially that having therein a saccharide moiety as bonded to the .epsilon.

Abstract: The invention discloses the application of genetic engineering techniques to create novel strains of A. niger which produce high levels of catalase (catR gene product, catalase-R) while generating minimal sodium gluconate waste material.

Abstract: The invention discloses the application of genetic engineering techniques to create novel strains of A. niger which produce high levels of catalase (catR gene product, catalase-R) while generating minimal sodium gluconate waste material.

Abstract: A method of converting olefins to chiral epoxides comprises combining an asymmetric aliphatic or aryl alkene substrate with a buffered chloroperoxidase solution to form a stabilized reaction mixture, and gradually adding hydrogen peroxide as a substrate oxidant, such that the chloroperoxidase catalyzes the conversion of the substrate to the corresponding epoxide in enantiomeric excess. The products of the invention are alkyl and aryl non-primary epoxides. The resulting preparations are enantiomerically pure, and may greatly enhance large-scale synthesis of stereoisomer products such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Abstract: Purified enzymatic preparation derived from Chromobacterium violaceum, having a dehydrogenase activity, method for preparing it and its use in the production of .alpha.,.beta.-dehydrotryptophanyl-peptides.The said method for preparing .alpha.,.beta.-dehydrotryptophanyl-peptides and .alpha.,.beta.-dehydrotryptophanyl-proteins is characterised in that one brings into contact:a peptide or a protein to be converted, anda purified enzymatic preparation having an L-tryptophan dehydrogenase activity and having a specific activity of between 35 and 45 units.seconds.sup.-1 per mole of heme for N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA), an apparent molecular weight of the order of 680 kDa, an isoelectric point of the order of 4, a temperature optimum for activity greater than 80.degree. C. and a temperature stability, at a pH of between 3 and 8 and at a temperature of between 20.degree. and 60.degree. C.Use of the dehydropeptides and dehydroproteins obtained as probes, reagents, drugs or cosmetic products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an extracellular product from an aerobic microorganism. The microorganism is grown in an aqueous medium on one side of an oxygen-permeable surface while the opposite side of the surface is contacted with oxygen. The extracellular product is then harvested from the aqueous medium. The method is particularly useful in producing lignin peroxidase from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Abstract: Novel multi-component conjugates are provided having at least two components which are superoxide dismutase and catalase. Novel therapeutic agents utilising these conjugates are provided which are effective to reduce harmful levels of superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals in body tissues.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the colorimetric determination of an analyte by means of enzymatic oxidation of the analyte in the presence of an electron acceptor and determination of the reduced electron acceptor by color formation as measure for the amount of the analyte, wherein the analyte is oxidized with an appropriate oxidoreductase in the presence of a substance selected from the group of compounds with nitrogen in an oxidation stage between +1 and -1 as direct electron acceptor.The present invention also provides an agent for the colorimetric determination of an analyte by enzymatic oxidation of the analyte, containing an oxidoreductase and a color-forming electron acceptor, wherein the color-forming electron acceptor is a substance reacting directly with the analyte/enzyme system selected from the group of compounds with nitrogen in an oxidation stage between +1 and -1.

Abstract: Disclosed are lyophilized biologically active proteinaceous compositions containing low diol polyalkylene oxide, such as polyethylene glycol, covalently attached to a biologically active proteinaceous substance and combined with the cryoprotectant cyclodextrin.

Abstract: The invention is directed to labeled drug hapten analogues comprising:(A) a label, of the type used in immunoassays, having an amine or sulfhydryl group;(B) a drug hapten nucleus selected from barbiturates or hydantoins and(C) a linking chain linking the 3-position of the drug hapten nucleus to the label through a carbonyl bridge.

Abstract: The enzymatic preparation of cephalosporanic derivatives, or their salts, ving the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is --CO--COOH or --COOH, R.sub.1 is H, OH, or --O--CO--R" and R" is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is carried out by the oxidative deamination of compounds, or their salts, having the formula: ##STR2## with an oxidase D-Aminoacid enzyme derived from Rhodotorula glutinis NCIMB 40412. The enzyme can be in a free or immobilized form.

Abstract: An assay for directly and rapidly determining the alcohol concentration of a lower alcohol in a biological fluid without dilution, comprises a solid carrier. The carrier is impregnated with a solution having the following constituents mixed in effective amounts: a cross-linked stabilized enzyme for oxidizing the alcohol in the presence of a reducible compound to produce a corresponding aldehyde and a reduction product, a chromogen which reacts with the reduction product in the presence of an agent to produce a colored compound indicative of alcohol presence in the biological fluid, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, an agent for converting the chromogen to the colored compound, and a buffer to maintain the solution at a predetermined acidic pH.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for the production of a biologically active modified protein derived from a starting protein having essentially the same kind of biological activity with an attendant modulation effect on, particularly increase of, the stability as compared with that of the starting protein. The method comprises substituting an arginine residue for a lysine residue of the starting protein at a site that can sterically accommodate the substitution, without substantially altering the biological activity of the starting protein, said site being preferably of low solvent accessibility, at interfaces between domains or sub-units of the starting protein.

Abstract: A peroxidase gene derived from Arthromyse ramosus and its cloning and expression in E. coli and yeast is disclosed. The peroxidase encoded by this gene is not-specific and does not contain isozymes and hence is suitable as a diagnostic reagent or as a marker enzyme in enzyme innunoassays.

Abstract: A process for the production of lignolytical enzymes using Phanerochaete chrysosporium which includes placing a culture of the pocket rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium into a closed fermentation vessel which has no stirring mechanism. Pellets of Phanerochaete chrysosporium are produced in the vessel by rotating and slewing the vessel, and enzyme is then harvested. An apparatus for carrying out the process includes a cardanic mount for freely rotatably and slewably suspending the vessel.

Abstract: A process for preparing a phenolic resin which comprises preparing a reaction medium containing a phenol and a peroxidase enzyme and adding a solution of a peroxide to said medium, said peroxide being added to said medium at a rate which decreases from an initial rate of about 2 to 3 millimolar/min as the amount of phenol in said medium decreases such that the concentration of peroxide does not exceed about 12 millimolar.

Abstract: The transfer of a textile dye from a dyed fabric to another fabric during washing or rinsing is inhibited by adding an enzyme exhibiting peroxidase activity or an enzyme exhibiting a suitable oxidase activity to the wash liquor in which said fabrics are washed and/or rinsed. Peroxidase is produced extracellularly by some strains of Bacillus pumilus. The novel peroxidase preparation from B. pumilus is a microperoxidase, i.e. it contains hemopeptide as an active component. The preparation has improved stability at high temperature, at high pH and at high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. It can be produced without undesired catalase activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a covalent conjugate of an oligonucleotide and an enzyme, such as peroxidase. This conjugate can be used as a probe in hybridization assays and in polymerase chain reaction procedures. The method generally comprises the steps of: reacting an enzyme having a reactive amino group with a mercapto-substituted organic compound to form a blocked intermediate, removing the blocking group to form an enzyme reagent, and reacting the enzyme reagent with a functionalized oligonucleotide reagent.

Abstract: A method of measurement of catalase activity in a sample suspected of containing such activity which comprises treating said sample with a peroxide, an alcohol, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and an aldehyde dehydrogenase, thereby producing an aldehyde corresponding to said alcohol and converting NAD to its reduced form (NADH), measuring absorption of radiation having a wave length at the characteristic absorption band of NADH in relation to said activity.

Abstract: A process for preparing a phenolic resin which comprises preparing a reaction medium containing a phenol and a peroxidase enzyme and adding a solution of a peroxide to said medium, said peroxide being added to said medium at a rate which decreases from an initial rate of about 2 to 3 millimolar/min as the amount of phenol in said medium decreases such that the concentration of peroxide does not exceed about 12 millimolar.