Abstract: A cell culture apparatus is provided in which a plurality of culture vessels can be mounted and removed in a set, which has a regulation mechanism that can fix each culture vessel in the correct position, and which enables suppression of production costs. The cell culture apparatus has one or a plurality of concave portions, and can arrange and accommodate one or a plurality of culture vessels in the concave portions. Spring-type fixing devices are provided in the depth direction and the width direction, respectively, in each concave portion. The two spring-type fixing devices press against side surfaces of the culture vessel to fix the culture vessel in the culture vessel set. At this time, by pressing against the culture vessel at two points, the position of the culture vessel at the time of fixing can be maintained with good accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating an off-gas stream (80) comprising NH3 and H2S to provide a sulphate stream (910), the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a first off-gas stream (80) comprising NH3, H2S, CO2 and optionally one or more of HCN, COS and CS2; (ii) passing the first off-gas stream (80) to an incinerator (300) to oxidise NH3, H2S, and optionally one or more of HCN, COS and CS2 to provide a second off-gas stream (310) comprising N2, H2O, SO2 and CO2; (iii) scrubbing the second off-gas stream (310) with a first aqueous alkaline stream (380, 876a) in a caustic scrubber (350) to separate SO2 and a part of the CO2 from the second off-gas stream to provide a spent caustic stream (360) comprising carbonate and one or both of sulphite and bisulphite and a caustic scrubber off-gas stream (370) comprising N2 and CO2; and (iv) passing the spent caustic stream (360) to an aerator (900) comprising sulphur-oxidising bacteria in the presence of oxygen to biologically disc sulphite and

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for providing a target chemical, comprising: providing a cellulose-derived slurry comprising fermentable saccharides in one or several containers; subjecting cellulose-derived slurry from said one or several containers to separation to provide a liquid fraction comprising part of said fermentable saccharides from said cellulose-derived slurry and a suspended solids fraction, which is returned to said container; transferring said liquid fraction to a fermentor; fermenting fermentable saccharides of said liquid fraction in said fermentor to provide a fermented liquid comprising said target chemical; and returning said fermented liquid to said one or several containers.

Abstract: A flexible wall bioreactor is described that uses a small droplet size mist unit, a lower rate ambient air flow rate, and a flexible wall culture chamber to provide an environment that allows for the growth of dense root matrix, shoot cultures, and 2 and 3 dimensional animal tissues.

Abstract: Systems, including apparatus, methods, compositions, kits, and software, for preparing, reacting, detecting, and/or analyzing samples in droplet-based assay systems, among others. The disclosure emphasizes, but is not limited to, a disposable cartridge with lysis chamber and droplet chamber, particularly for use in droplet-based assays.

Abstract: A biogas installation for production of biogas from biomass and methods for starting and shutting down a fermenter are disclosed. When biomass in a fermenter is used up, biogas production must stop, the fermented biomass removed, and the fermenter filled with fresh biomass. Biogas production and utilization is maintained for as long as possible. When the methane concentration in the biogas outlet falls below an upper limit, the biogas line is disconnected. The biogas/off-gas mixture is fed out via an exhaust chimney until the methane concentration has fallen to a lower limit. The fermenter to be shut down is purged with fresh air, and the off-gas/biogas/fresh air mixture is fed out via the exhaust chimney until the carbon-dioxide concentration in the off-gas/biogas/fresh air mixture has fallen to a first limit. The fermenter is then opened to unload the consumed biomass and load fresh biomass.

Abstract: A hydrothermal decomposition apparatus 17 as a biomass processing apparatus that decomposes a biomass material 11 into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin under a high temperature and high pressure condition to remove a lignin component and a hemicellulose component, a biomass solid discharging unit 18 that discharges a biomass solid (a hot-water insoluble component) 20 processed in the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus 17, and a slurrying vessel 21 communicating with the biomass solid discharging unit 18, into which water 19 is injected and the discharged biomass solid 20 is added to make it slurried are provided to an apparatus body 13, which is a processing vessel having a gas-liquid interface 13a.

Abstract: Large-scale bioreactors having at least two impellers, large-scale bioreactor systems and methods for the large-scale cultivation and propagation of mammalian cells using these bioreactors.

Abstract: A system and method for producing biofuel from pollutant-fed algae are disclosed. Specifically, the system includes a scrubber with a chamber for receiving a pollutant-contaminated fluid stream. Further, a scrubber solution is received in the chamber for scrubbing the pollutant-contaminated fluid stream. Also, the system includes a bioreactor that is provided with an input port to receive the scrubber solution with pollutants for use as nutrients to support algae cell growth. Further, the system includes an algae separator that removes the algae from the bioreactor and a device for processing the algae into biofuel. In order to recycle the scrubber solution, the algae separator is in fluid communication with the scrubber. With this arrangement, the effluence from the bioreactor may be recycled for use as the scrubber solution.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a sample of biological material having nucleic acid sequences, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) section for amplifying the nucleic acid sequences, a reagent reservoir containing a reagent, and, a diffusion mixing section for mixing the nucleic acid sequences with the reagent, the diffusion mixing section having a microchannel defining a tortuous flow-path having a length sufficient for diffusive mixing of the reagent and the sample, wherein during use, the sample flows from the sample inlet to the PCR section via the diffusion mixing section.

Abstract: A continuous temperature-gradient incubation apparatus designed to solve the problem of moving of liquid vapor generated on the high-temperature side toward the low-temperature side to thereby cause condensation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are bioreactors including a first sheet and a second sheet (one or both of which is substantially transparent to light), wherein the second sheet is disposed adjacent to the first sheet, and the first and second sheets are sealed along a first longitudinal edge, a second longitudinal edge, a first horizontal edge, a second horizontal edge, and at least one intermediate horizontal seal between the first horizontal edge and the second horizontal edge, thereby forming at least two chambers for holding fluid in series along a vertical axis, wherein each of the two or more chambers is oriented at an angle relative to the vertical axis, wherein the angle is about 0° to about 90° and at least one of the chambers is oriented at an angle greater than 0°, and wherein there is at least one opening in each of the first horizontal edge, the second horizontal edge, and intermediate horizontal seal(s); a support structure comprising at least one horizontal support, wherein the horizontal support is located

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards bacteriophage therapy, the treatment of infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic bacteria, using specific bacteriophages. The purity of bacteriophage preparations has been a major obstacle for their therapeutic use in the past. Current purification methods are only suitable for low-scale production, as they are work and cost intensive. Disclosed is a method and machinery to purify crude bacteriophage preparations in large scale and fully automated, resulting in highly pure (toxin free) and highly concentrated bacteriophage preparations, suitable for agricultural and clinical applications.

Abstract: A cell culture apparatus includes a housing, a bag and an inflatable bladder. The bag is disposed in the housing and has an interior surface defining a chamber for culturing cells. The bladder is disposed in the housing, external to the bag, and is sufficiently inflatable and expandable to exert pressure on the bag when the chamber is substantially free of fluid. The bladder may be inflated and expanded to reduce movement of the bag within the housing. Alternatively, or in addition, the bladder may be inflated and expanded to apply a mechanical stress on cells cultured within the chamber of the bag.

Abstract: A bioremediation device in the form of a cylindrical cartridge having an open mesh side wall and end-caps forming an enclosed volume and which contains a suitable media. The cartridge is removeably mounted in and supported on opposite sides by wall halves in the form of near semi-circular housing halves. The wall halves further contain inlet and outlet openings to permit a liquid and gaseous flow through the cartridge and the contained media.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a microfluidic continuous flow devices for culturing biological material each comprising a cultivation chamber being dimensioned to retain a biological material and having an inlet and an outlet to allow flow of a cultivation medium through the cultivation chamber. The present invention also refers to a method using the microfluidic continuous flow device of the present invention and the uses for these devices. In one example a microfluidic continuous flow device of the present invention is connected to a gradient generator.

Abstract: In a bioreactor, a culture solution derived from a cultivation tank is separated into bacteria cells and filtrate by a bacteria cell filter. The filtrate is introduced from the bacteria cell filter into a micro-nano bubble generation tank where micro-nano-bubbles are mixed with the filtrate. The filtrate containing micro-nano-bubbles is returned to the cultivation tank to activate the microorganisms therein, so that a biological reaction time is reduced by the activated microorganisms.

Abstract: Devices, in vitro cell cultures, systems, and methods are provided for microscale cell culture analogous (CCA) device.

Abstract: A chemostat is described that includes a growth chamber having a plurality of compartments. Each of the compartments may be fluidly isolated from the rest of the growth chamber by one or more actuatable valves. The chemostat may also include a nutrient supply-line to supply growth medium to the growth chamber, and an output port to remove fluids from the growth chamber. Also, a method of preventing biofilm formation in a growth chamber of a chemostat is described. The method may include the steps of adding a lysis agent to a isolated portion of the growth chamber, and reuniting the isolated portion with the rest of the growth chamber.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus' are disclosed for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of biomass providing for the compartmentalization of the saccharification process and the fermentation process resulting in decreased enzymatic end-product inhibition.

Abstract: A bioreactor and bioreactor system are suitable for the growth of materials from algae. More specifically, the system preferred embodiments use concentrated sunlight in a solo- or co-generation system to produce algae and products therefrom as well as solar thermal energy.

Abstract: A container is provided for holding a chemical compound or mixture. Areas are provided on the surface of the container which allow for gaseous by-products from the chemical contained within the container to permeate from a chamber through the surface of the container. A septum is over-molded into the surface of the container. The septum is formed in such a manner that it provides a sealing effect to close an opening in the container.

Abstract: A cell co-culture apparatus and a method of co-culturing and isolating cells using the cell co-culture apparatus to research interactions between cells by direct contact between the cells are provided. The cell co-culture apparatus includes a first substrate including a substrate portion and a plurality of projections provided on a surface of the substrate portion, each of the projections having a top surface for culturing cells, a second substrate including a same number of first channels as a number of the projections such that the channels fit with the projections and substrate surfaces formed between the first channels, and a third substrate including a plurality of second channels corresponding with the top surfaces and a plurality of third channels corresponding with the substrate surfaces.

Abstract: Method and device that increases the rate of reproduction (through increased speed of reproduction and/or increased reproductive yield) of living cells in suspension or of any culturable organisms through the process of natural selection, said device comprising: a) a flexible, sterile tube (7) containing culture medium, b) a system of movable gates (clamps) (3, 4, 5) that divide the tube (97) into separate regions containing spent culture (downstream region), growing culture (growth chamber), and fresh growth medium (upstream region), c) a means of moving the gates and the tubing (13) such that a portion of the growth chamber and the associated culture can be clamped off and separated from the growth chamber, and such that a portion of fresh tubing containing unused medium can be joined with a portion of the culture and associated medium already present in the growth chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for temporal immersion cell culture comprising: A first container for holding culture media; A second container for holding the culturing cells; At least, one tube that connects a port in the first container to a port in the second container; and, A mechanism to move cyclically the containers up and down wherein the culture media on the first container migrates by gravity to the second container when the first container is in a position higher than the second container, and wherein the culture media migrates back by gravity from the second container to the first container when the first container is in a position lower than the second container; and wherein the first container moves independently from the second container.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cell culture vessel which is simple in structure and easy to handle, and is capable of preventing damage to the cells when separated, promoting transport of nutrients and excretion of effete matter, and elevating the culturing efficiency improving effect by the structural features. In order to attain the above object, there is provided a cell culture vessel including a culture section provided with a plurality of projections having an equivalent diameter smaller than the cells to be cultured and the culture section side walls enclosing the culture section, wherein the distance between an arbitrary position on the culture section/side wall boundary line and the nearest projection is smaller than the diameter of the cells to be cultured. The effect of the projections in the vessel given to the cultured cells is enhanced.

Abstract: Self-sustaining, self-contained systems and methods for producing biofuels and for producing biofuel feedstock from algae. The system is carbon neutral or may be carbon positive, fixing more carbon than it releases to the atmosphere. In various embodiments, the system may be coupled to an existing carbon dioxide producing process to reduce or completely eliminate carbon dioxide output, making the existing system carbon neutral, and providing valuable and tradable carbon credits. The system may also comprise modular tiles comprising a biomass sandwiched between two panels and use a combination of microbes, nutrients, water, and sunlight to generate biological hydrocarbon compounds that can be used in almost any type of engine.

Abstract: There is provided a cell culture technology for culturing an animal cell in a separate microstructure. The micro-scaled animal cell incubator includes a lower glass substrate having fine hot wires processed with a metal and formed in an upper surface thereof; a first PDMS film attached onto the lower glass substrate to form two or more liquid and solid storage spaces in a position corresponding to the fine hot wires of the lower glass substrate and gas flow channels coupled respectively to the liquid and solid storage spaces to allow generated gases to flow therethrough; a gas-permeable PDMS thin film attached onto the gas flow channels of the PDMS film to pass the generated gases therethrough; a second PDMS film attached onto the PDMS thin film and having a culture medium storage space for storing a culture medium; and an upper glass substrate attached onto the second PDMS film and having fine hot wires formed in a lower surface thereof, the fine hot wires being covered by the PDMS film.

Abstract: A micro device for cell culture is disclosed, which cooperates with a fluid and includes: a top plate having an inlet port; a orifice plate having a plurality of orifices; a culture plate having a plurality of culture wells and a plurality of injection ports; and a bottom plate having at least one collecting well and at least one collecting flow channel, wherein, the culture plate is placed between the orifice plate and the bottom plate. The collecting flow channel connects to all regulating orifices in the culture wells and guides the fluid from the culture wells, then receives the fluid in the collecting well. The fluid flows into the orifice plate from the inlet port of the top plate, and then diversifies into the culture plate, then arrives at each culture well by way of the injection ports, and finally collects in the collecting well of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A device for trapping extraneous gas or bubbles is disclosed. The device is defined as having a gas collection area in a tapered neck portion such that when used as a cell culturing apparatus, extraneous gas or bubbles are trapped and isolated from the cell growth areas where cells or media reside.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing a fatty acid ester of the present invention comprises (a) mixing and agitating an oil and fat starting material and a lower alcohol, and supplying a mixture to one of the catalyst reaction tubes filled with a lipase; (b) producing a fatty acid ester and glycerin in the catalyst reaction tube; (c) introducing an outflowing liquid from the catalyst reaction tube into a glycerin separation tank, thereby collecting the glycerin; (d) adding a lower alcohol to a separated liquid obtained by separating the glycerin from the outflowing liquid, mixing and agitating an obtained material, and supplying a mixture to a following catalyst reaction tube; (e) repeating the steps (b) to (d) until supply to a last catalyst reaction tube is performed; and (f) collecting a fatty acid ester from the separated liquid obtained from the last catalyst reaction tube.

Abstract: Bioreactors suitable for housing a predetermined volume of culture medium comprising a plurality of containers of approximately equal internal volume in which the culture medium resides, wherein the predetermined volume of culture medium is retained in approximately equal amounts within each of the plurality of containers during operation of the bioreactor, and wherein the internal volume of each container is selected so that the amount of culture medium in each container exceeds 50 vol. % of the container internal volume during operation of the bioreactor, and related methods of use.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for sustained methane production from atmospheric CO2 and solar energy from the sun. In general the methods involve culturing cyanobacteria in a first culture vessel and collecting and diverting the photosynthesis products, including glucose or acetic acid, to a second culture vessel including methanogenic bacteria. The photosynthesis products are then used as nutrients by the methanogenic bacteria in the second culture vessel in the production of methane. The methane produced is subsequently collected and used as a clean energy source. The invention also features compositions, including genetically modified cyanobacteria and systems for use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A bioremediation device in the form of a cylindrical cartridge having an open mesh side wall and end-caps forming an enclosed volume and which contains a suitable media. The cartridge is removeably mounted in and supported on opposite sides by wall halves in the form of near semi-circular housing halves. The wall halves further contain inlet and outlet openings to permit a liquid and gaseous flow through the cartridge and the contained media.

Abstract: A bioreactor device for studying the effects of physical, chemical, mechanical and electromagnetic stimuli on the cellular activity. In particular, the device uses a sensorized premixing chamber (1), a culture chamber (2) for observing the development of the cells by a microscope (40). Output signals are transmitted to a control unit for amplifying and filtering the signals (50), which transmits the treated signals to a computer (52). To another control unit (51) actuating electrovalves (20), (21) and (22) are connected that adjust the introduction of gas in the premixing chamber. The culture medium is drawn from the premixing chamber (1) through a duct (4) and its flow is adjusted by a peristaltic pump (30). The culture medium crosses then the culture chamber (2) and continues its path in a duct (3), returning again in the premixing chamber (1). At the outlet of the culture chamber (2) the duct has a sample point (23) for picking up an amount of culture medium to analyze.

Abstract: A fluid handling device including an eaves section of a first side wall engaged with a recess of a strip plate including a plurality of wells using concavity and convexity and an eaves section of a second side wall engaged with a recess of the strip plate using concavity and convexity. Slits are further formed in a corner section of the second side wall connecting to another side wall, so as to extend downwards from an upper end section. The second side wall also is partially cut away from the other side wall and is more easily deformed than the first side wall.

Abstract: To provide a cell culture chamber and a cell culture method that are capable of effectively constructing an intercellular network in a culture space. A cell culture chamber (10) according to the present invention is a cell culture chamber (10) including a plurality of microchambers (11) formed on a surface thereof, characterized in that convex portions (side walls 12) that partition the microchambers (11) adjacent to each other are formed to prevent cells from being adhered to upper surfaces of the convex portions. Consequently, cells can be cultured exclusively within the microchambers (11), and an intercellular network can be constructed effectively.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for growing algae with improved photoefficiency. The system includes a bioreactor formed with a conduit for growing algae cells in a medium. Further, the system is provided with a paddle wheel for moving the medium through the conduit at a predetermined fluid flow velocity. In order to ensure that algae cells are efficiently converting light energy to chemical energy, a plurality of barriers is positioned in the fluid stream. Specifically, the barriers are separated by predetermined distances to create von Karman vortices in the medium. As a result, algae cells are sequentially flowed to the surface of the fluid stream to receive light energy for predetermined intervals of time.

Abstract: A multilayered cell culture apparatus for the culturing of cells is disclosed. The cell culture apparatus is defined as an integral structure having a plurality of cell culture chambers in combination with tracheal space(s). The body of the apparatus has imparted therein gas permeable membranes in combination with tracheal spaces that will allow the free flow of gases between the cell culture chambers and the external environment. The flask body. also includes an aperture that will allow access to the cell growth chambers by means of a needle or cannula. The size of the apparatus, and location of an optional neck and cap section, allows for its manipulation by standard automated assay equipment, further making the apparatus ideal for high throughput applications.

Abstract: Improved systems, methods, apparatus and compositions for generating, extracting and distributing the renewable heat energy produced by microbial decomposition of organic biomass within a contained and controlled environment. This heat energy is preferably transferred and distributed, preferably by the use of heat pipes, to the interior of a greenhouse or other structure to be heated, either directly or via heat exchange apparatus such as hot water heating systems. In one embodiment heat transfer and distribution mechanism customized to the application requirements of a greenhouse heating batch-type process is disclosed, along with a recipe for a readily available biomass material composition. Additional continuous and batch process embodiments of biomass heating systems are also disclosed that extract heat energy from decomposing biomass for heating uses.

Abstract: A multilayered cell culture apparatus for the culturing of cells is disclosed. The cell culture apparatus is defined as an integral structure having a plurality of flexible cell culture compartments in combination with a spacer material maintaining air space(s). The expandable compartments of the cell culture apparatus have imparted therein gas permeable membranes in combination with air spaces that will allow the free flow of gases between the cell culture compartments and the external environment. Furthermore an interconnecting passageway is provided between each compartment and between the cell culturing vessel and the external environment. The expandable vessel promotes the growth of large numbers of adherent or suspension cells by providing the volumes of nutrient medium and gaseous exchange.

Abstract: A modular support system for organic filter material, compost material or other material is formed of a multiplicity of polygonal bed platform modules with planar top surfaces, the modules arranged side by side contiguously to form a bed platform which is elevated above a base surface. Perforations are included in at least some of the bed platform modules to allow passage of air, gas or liquid through the elevated support bed platform. The bottom sides of the modules have sockets to receive legs, and special legs are provided at corners where a plurality of adjacent modules meet, to engage with sockets in the undersurface in all of the adjacent nodules. At corners the modules are preferably bolted down to the corner pedestals or legs. The modular support system can support very heavy loads, such as earth-moving equipment used to move and spread filter bed or compost material.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus (1) for conducting sequential nucleic acid amplification reactions. The apparatus (1) comprises a platform (2) having a sample compartment (5) and a plurality of reaction compartments (10). The sample compartment (5) is adapted to receive a fluid sample for conducting a first amplification reaction and the platform (2) is adapted to substantially evenly distribute the fluid sample into the plurality of reaction compartments (10) for conducting second amplification reactions. The present invention also extends to a kit, a method and a device for conducting sequential nucleic acid amplification reactions.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cell culture vessel which is simple in structure and easy to handle, and is capable of preventing damage to the cells when separated, promoting transport of nutrients and excretion of effete matter, and elevating the culturing efficiency improving effect by the structural features. In order to attain the above object, there is provided a cell culture vessel including a culture section provided with a plurality of projections having an equivalent diameter smaller than the cells to be cultured and the culture section side walls enclosing the culture section, wherein the distance between an arbitrary position on the culture section/side wall boundary line and the nearest projection is smaller than the diameter of the cells to be cultured. The effect of the projections in the vessel given to the cultured cells is enhanced.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for producing algae with high oil content. The system includes a chemostat formed with a conduit for growing algae, an input port for feeding a medium into the conduit, and an output port for passing an effluence from the conduit. Further, the chemostat includes a paddlewheel or other device that moves the medium around the conduit. Also, the system includes a plug flow reactor for receiving the effluence from the chemostat. In order to trigger high oil production in the algae, a modified nutrient mix is added to the effluence in the plug flow reactor. Specifically, the modified nutrient mix comprises a limited amount of a selected constituent to trigger oil production in the algae. Further, the system includes an algae separator for removing high oil content algae from the plug flow reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a first reactor and a return mechanism. The first reactor has an inlet to receive a mixture comprising a first reactant, a second reactant, a reaction product, and an inert solvent that dissolves at least a portion of the first and second reactants, an enzyme to facilitate a reaction between the first and second reactants to generate more reaction product, and an outlet to output the reaction product, including the reaction product received at the inlet and the reaction product generated from the reaction between the first and second reactants. The return mechanism sends at least a portion of the reaction product from the outlet back to the inlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell culture device for applying shear stress and strain on single cells. The device includes at least one channel, at least one cell culture chamber having at least one single-cell attachment surface, a flexible membrane, at least one vacuum channel, and an inlet and an outlet. The inventive single-cell culture assembly fluid flow for applying fluid induced stress and/or substrate induced stress to cultured cells.

Abstract: A fermentation system for production of biogas from solid organic material, the system including at least one fermentation reactor. The fermentation reactor includes a vessel (37) for housing a feed mixture having liquid and solid particles and an outlet port (44), a strainer assembly (33) at the outlet port for filtering processed feed mixture from the vessel, and a biogasification reactor (37) in fluid communication with another fermentation reactor, the other fermentation reactor configured to produce a biomethane. The strainer assembly further includes a mixture driving member (53) positioned in the strainer body (47) adjacent the drain opening (51), the mixture driving member having a driving surface configured to receive the liquid passing through the filter member (60). The driving surface engages the filter member such that solid particles are driven from a surface of the filter member when the driving member is activated.

Abstract: A method and system for the enzymatic treatment of a lipid containing feedstock comprises contacting the feedstock with a processing aid, then causing the feedstock to pass at a substantially constant flow rate through a treatment system comprising a plurality of enzyme-containing fixed bed reactors connected to one another in series. The fixed bed reactors can be individually serviceable, the flow rate of the feedstock remaining substantially constant through the system when one of the fixed bed reactors is taken offline for servicing. In the most preferred embodiment, the processing aid is a substantially moisture-free silica. The processing aid can be placed in one or more of the fixed bed reactors, disposed above the enzyme in the reactor, or it can be in a pre-treatment system which can comprise one or more reactors.

Abstract: A multilayered cell culture apparatus for the culturing of cells is disclosed. The cell culture apparatus includes a unitary flask body including a rigid upper and lower surface, connected by side walls. The cell growth apparatus comprises multiple cell growth chambers stacked in vertical alignment and orientation within the unitary flask body. The stacked chambers are held in position by unitary connecting columns that run through each cell growth chamber and terminate at the rigid upper and lower surfaces of the apparatus. The cell growth chambers are separated by tracheal spaces that allow air from the external environment to contact the cell growth surface of each individual cell growth chamber.