Abstract: Provided are a recombinant yeast having improved ability to produce ginsenoside, which is prepared by overexpressing INO2 and INO4 or deleting OPT1 in a yeast having ability to produce ginsenoside, a method of preparing the yeast, and a method of producing ginsenoside by using the yeast.

Abstract: An application of cucurbitane tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds in preparation of drugs and/or health products for preventing and/or treating pulmonary fibrosis is provided, which is a new medicine use of cucurbitane tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds.

Abstract: A method for cost-effectively and efficiently culturing Akkermansia muciniphilais is disclosed. High biomass yields can be obtained on chemically defined media. This allows for large scale production of A. muciniphila suitable for use in humans, such as for pharmaceutical or food applications. The A. muciniphila can be produced free of animal-derived products, thereby allowing a broad-range of applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing ginsenoside F2, compound Mc or compound O, which is originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from a saponin of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, ginsenoside F2, compound Mc and compound O, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

Abstract: A method or process to increase the production of products of interest in plant material including plant cultures, such as, for example, cell suspension cultures, root cultures, and hairy root cultures is provided. In one embodiment, the method is to contacting the plant material with a precursor or xenobiotic when producing a product of interest from a plant. In another embodiment the plant material is also contacted with a trapping agent. The process may also provide for contacting an elicitor of the product of interest with the plant material. An embodiment provides for contacting an elicitor, precursor and trapping agent with the plant material. The ability to produce novel compounds such as glucosides and glucuronides is provided.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes are provided that can be used for improving the treatment of diseases by preventing degradation of drugs or other molecules by cytochrome P450. Pharmaceutical compositions are provided that can act as boosters to improve the pharmacokinetics, enhance the bioavailability, and enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs that undergo in vivo degradation by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing mogrosides with the aid of enzymes. In particular the invention proposes various biosynthetic pathways useful for mogroside production and enzymes useful for mogroside production are provided. Furthermore, the invention provides recombinant hosts useful in performing the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes are provided that can be used for improving the treatment of diseases by preventing degradation of drugs or other molecules by cytochrome P450. Pharmaceutical compositions are provided that can act as boosters to improve the pharmacokinetics, enhance the bioavailability, and enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs that undergo in vivo degradation by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of alkaloids from Liliaceae cell culture.

Abstract: Methods and materials for enzymatic synthesis of mogroside compounds described.

Abstract: A method to increase the production of products of interest in plant material including plant cultures, such as, for example, cell suspension cultures, root cultures, and hairy root cultures is provided. In one embodiment, the method is to contacting the plant material with a precursor or xenobiotic when producing a product of interest from a plant. In another embodiment the plant material is also contacted with a trapping agent. The process may also provide for contacting an elicitor of the product of interest with the plant material. An embodiment provides for contacting an elicitor, precursor and trapping agent with the plant material. The ability to produce novel compounds such as glucosides and glucuronides is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel ginsenoside glycosidase protein derived from the genus Terrabacter, the protein having an activity of converting protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type saponins into highly active substances, which can be absorbed inside the body, by selective hydrolysis of a particular bond of ginsenoside. More specifically, the present invention relates to an amino acid sequence of the protein, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein, a recombinant vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and a transformant transformed with the vector, and a method for producing ginsenoside glycosidase derived from the genus Terrabacter by culturing the transformant, a method for converting PPD-type major saponins into the minor saponin forms using the protein, and a composition for converting PPD-type saponins into soluble saponins, comprising the protein as an active component.

Abstract: An automated apparatus and method for analyzing liquid samples by forming discrete sample aliquots (boluses) in an elongated conduit which contains a hydrophobic carrier liquid. Aliquots may be analyzed by adding at least one reagent to the sample aliquot that reacts selectively with an analyte contained therein. The reaction product, which is selective for the analyte of interest and proportional to its concentration, is measured with an appropriate detector. Intrinsic sample properties of the sample may also be measured without the need for adding chemical reagents. The invention enables simple and accurate testing of samples using time honored wet-chemical analysis methods in microliter volume regimes while producing remarkably small volumes of waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified cycloalkyne compounds; and method of use of such compounds in modifying biomolecules. The present invention features a cycloaddition reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves reacting a modified cycloalkyne with an azide moiety on a target biomolecule, generating a covalently modified biomolecule. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provide for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel selective synthesis of 9?-hydroxy-steroid derivatives of the general formula (I) (I)—wherein the meaning of -A-A?- is —CH2—CH2— or —CH?CH— group—by the bioconversion of compounds of the general formula (II) (II) wherein the meaning of -A-A?- is —CH2—CH2— or —CH?CH— group—by using Nocardia farcinica bacterium strain, deposition number of which is NCAIM (P)—B 001342, as hydroxylating microorganism in the bioconversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for combating a thrombotic disease and a method for making the same and a use thereof. The pharmaceutical composition mainly comprises timosaponin AIII and timosaponin BII, and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, characterized in that the amount of timosaponin AIII is greater than or equal to the amount of timosaponin BII. The present invention further relates to a use of timosaponin AIII and timosaponin BII in manufacturing a medicament or product for the prophylaxis or to treatment of a thrombotic disease. The present pharmaceutical composition can not only bring about effects of prophylaxis or treatment of a thrombotic disease, but also alleviate blood bleeding or bleeding tendency in patients.

Abstract: A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. A method of producing a polypeptide in plant cells in vitro comprising: providing undifferentiated plant cells containing chloroplasts that carry a transgenic nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, wherein the plant cells display homoplastomy; and propagating the cells according to the above method to produce leafy biomass containing the polypeptide.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of pantothenate compounds as a non-genetic switch for the production of heterologous acetyl-CoA derived (HACD) compounds in microbial host cells. The invention provides genetically modified microorganisms that are more stable when stored and initially cultured under reduced pantothenate concentrations, cell culture media having reduced concentrations of pantothenate compounds, and methods of producing HACD compounds using the cell culture media and the genetically engineered microorganisms of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel ginsenoside glycosidase protein derived from the genus Terrabacter, the protein having an activity of converting protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type saponins into highly active substances, which can be absorbed inside the body, by selective hydrolysis of a particular bond of ginsenoside. More specifically, the present invention relates to an amino acid sequence of the protein, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein, a recombinant vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and a transformant transformed with the vector, and a method for producing ginsenoside glycosidase derived from the genus Terrabacter by culturing the transformant, a method for converting PPD-type major saponins into the minor saponin forms using the protein, and a composition for converting PPD-type saponins into soluble saponins, comprising the protein as an active component.

Abstract: Esters of 4,5-disubstituted-oxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl alkyl acids were prepared chemically and/or enzymatically. Depending upon the ester, improved melanocyte cytotoxicity was achieved. Improved cytotoxicity characteristics are consistent with ester analogs being more physiologically compatible and less irritating to skin than their corresponding acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides regio- and stereoselective oxidation of unactivated C—H bonds using an engineered mutant cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and an engineered substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans KCTC22231T-derived ginsenoside glycosidase and use thereof, and this protein has an activity of converting PPD (protopanaxadiol)-type saponins into in vivo absorbable, highly active deglycosylated saponins by selective hydrolysis of a bond at a particular position of ginsenoside. More particularly, the present invention relates to an amino acid sequence constituting the protein, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein, a recombinant vector comprising the nucleic acid sequence, a transformant transformed with the vector, a method for preparing Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans KCTC22231T-derived ginsenoside glycosidase by culturing the transformant, a method for converting PPD (protopanaxadiol)-type major ginsenoside into a rare ginsenoside that is absorbable in vivo using the protein, and a composition for converting PPD-type saponins into in vivo absorbable saponins, comprising the protein as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A process for the enantioselective reduction of compounds having a steroid structure (ABCD) including one or several heteroatoms, one or several double bonds and/or aromatic components in the ring structure and having at least one oxo group at positions 3, 7, 11, 12 or 17 in the steroid ring system or in the a-position of any carbon moiety of the steroid structure: comprising providing the oxosteroid compound in the reaction at a concentration of ?50 g/L, a reduced cofactor NADH or NADPH, a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and a secondary alcohol or cycloalknaol to effect the enantioselective reduction.

Abstract: The N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein of the present invention is characterized by transferring N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with ?1,3 linkage, and it preferably has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4. The canceration assay according to the present invention uses a nucleic acid for measurement which hybridizes under stringent conditions to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least one of them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing high-purity ginsenoside Rd using Lactobacillus casei, more particularly to a method for preparing high-purity ginsenoside Rd using Lactobacillus casei and an anti-wrinkle cosmetic composition comprising the high-purity ginsenoside Rd as an active ingredient. Since the method of the present invention is simple and can economically prepare high-purity ginsenoside Rd extract, it may make the best use of anti-wrinkle effect of the ginsenoside Rd. In addition, the present invention can increase stability and decrease skin irritation by preparing water-soluble molecular capsule of high-purity ginsenoside Rd, thereby having advantage of increasing applicability ginsenoside Rd radically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to C-ring-substituted pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactones of the general formula I in which R6,7 is an ?- or ?-methylene and R9 is a hydrogen atom and R11 is a bromine, chlorine or fluorine atom or R9 and R11 together are a bond. The novel compounds are progestational antimineralocorticoids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel selective synthesis of 9?-hydroxy-steroid derivatives of the general formula (I) (I)—wherein the meaning of -A-A?- is —CH2—CH2— or —CH?CH— group—by the bioconversion of compounds of the general formula (II) (II) wherein the meaning of -A-A?- is —CH2—CH2— or —CH?CH— group—by using Nocardia farcinica bacterium strain, deposition number of which is NCAIM (P)-B 001342, as hydroxylating microorganism in the bioconversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of plant secondary metabolites. More particularly plant cell lines are established from the medicinal plant Veratrum californicum. Said plant cell lines can be used for the production of cyclopamine and related steroid alkaloids and their precursors.

Abstract: The invention provides novel aldolases, nucleic acids encoding them and methods for making and using them, including chemoenzymatic processes for making ?,?-dihydroxyheptanoic acid side chains and compositions comprising these side chains, e.g., [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-b,d-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid (atorvastatin, LIPITOR™), rosuvastatin (CRESTOR™), fluvastatin (LESCOL™), related compounds and their intermediates.

Abstract: A tumor marker nucleic acid of the present invention is concerned with a nucleic acid hybridizing under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereof. A method of testing canceration of the present invention is a method comprising diagnosing a biological sample as being cancerous when the transcription level of the nucleic acid in the biological sample significantly exceeds that in a normal biological sample as a control. The present invention also relates to a ?1,3-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase protein having an activity of transferring N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from a donor substrate to an acceptor substrate through ?1,3-linkage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microorganism having an excellent ability to convert sterol into and rost-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), a method for preparation of the microorganism and use thereof, and more particularly, a mutant strain of Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 29472, Mycobacterium fortuitum EUG-119, a method for preparation of the mutant and use thereof in preparing AD and ADD. The mutant of the present invention has an excellent ability to convent sterol into AD and ADD which are steroid hormone precursors, compared with the known microorganisms and accordingly, is very useful for mass production of steroid hormones.

Abstract: The disclosure describes the production of anticancer agent LL-D45042, having the structure: by fermentation, to methods for the recovery and concentration of this anticancer agent from crude solutions, and to processes for the purification of this anticancer agent as well as a new microorganism of the species Streptomyces hygroscopicus LL-D45042 and mutants thereof useful in the preparation of this compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of desglucodesrhamnoruscin which comprises the enzymatic hydrolysis of Ruscus Aculeatus steroid glycosides (ruscosaponins) by means of crude hydrolases from aspergillus niger.

Abstract: A microbial method for hydrolysis and oxidation of androst-5-ene and pregn-5-ene steroid esters is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microorganism having an excellent ability to convert sterol into and rost-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), a method for preparation of the microorganism and use thereof, and more particularly, a mutant strain of Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 29472, Mycobacterium fortuitum EUG-119, a method for preparation of the mutant and use thereof in preparing AD and ADD. The mutant of the present invention has an excellent ability to convent sterol into AD and ADD which are steroid hormone precursors, compared with the known microorganisms and accordingly, is very useful for mass production of steroid hormones.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of compounds of general formula (I), wherein R1 is a —NH-tert-butyl group or a 4-methyl-piperidino group, by bioconversion of compounds of general formula (II), wherein R1 is as described above, using a biocatalyst having steroid-&Dgr;1-dehydrogenase enzyme activity, wherein the activity of the enzyme needed for the bioconversion is produced by induction.

Abstract: The present invention provides combinatorial methods for rapidly generating a diverse library of glycorandomized structures, comprising incubating one or more aglycons and a pool of NDP-sugars in the presence of a glycosyltransferase. The glycosyltransferase may be one that is associated with or involved in production of natural secondary metabolites, or one which is putatively associated with or involved in production of natural secondary metabolites. The glycosyltransferase may show significant flexibility with respect to its NDP-sugar donors and/or its aglycons. NDP-sugar donors may be commercially available, or may be produced by utilizing mutant or wild type nucleotidyltransferases significant flexibility with respect to their substrates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of desglucodesrhamnoruscin which comprises the hydrolysis of Ruscus Aculeatus steroid glycosides (ruscosaponins) through fermentation of a substrate containing said glycosides by means of fungi of the aspergillus niger species.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and compositions for the in vitro production of glycoconjugates. In particular, a preferred production system is provided that comprises a solid support, at least one sugar nucleotide producing enzyme, at least one glycosyltransferase, at least one bioenergetic, and at least one acceptor. The sugar nucleotide producing enzyme(s) is preferably immobilized on the solid support. The glycosyltransferase may be co-immobilized on the solid support with the sugar nucleotide producing enzyme(s), or may be provided to the solid support in solution.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor is disclosed which includes a capacitance-type acceleration detection element mounted on a ceramic base plate. The element comprises a movable electrode mounted between a pair of fixed electrodes. Acceleration of the sensor in a measurement direction causes the movable electrode to move relative to the fixed electrodes and the element has opposite ends in a direction perpendicular to the measurement direction. The acceleration detection element is mounted on the base at a first one of the opposite ends. Accordingly, the mounting surface of the acceleration sensor is parallel to the direction of acceleration to be detected. Thus the acceleration sensor can be surface-mounted on a printed board, and more be easily mounted in an automobile air bag control system or the like.

Abstract: The present invention describes the identification, purification, recombinant production and characterization of novel O-fucosyltransferase enzymes.

Abstract: A method is described for oxidatively decarboxylating a peptide, comprising combining a peptide with EpiD, wherein the peptide comprises at its carboxy terminus the amino acid sequence X.sub.1 X.sub.2 X.sub.3 X.sub.4 X.sub.5 X.sub.6 C, wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are any one of the twenty common amino acids, X.sub.5 is Tyr, Val, Met, Leu, Ile, Phe or Trp, and X.sub.6 is Cys, Ala, Ser, Val, or Thr, whereby the oxidative decarboxylation of the peptide occurs.

Abstract: According to this invention, Prevotella sp. S-1 strain (Bacteroidaceae family, KFCC-10923) is cultured in a medium supplemented with Panax ginseng saponin so as to collect the metabolites of saponin generated and accumulated in the medium, thus ensuring their selective production with high efficiency.This invention related to a process for the preparation of the metabolites of protopanaxadiol saponin, wherein Prevotella sp. S-1 strain (Bacteroidaceae family, KFCC-10923), is cultured at a medium supplemented with Panax ginseng saponin and then, the metabolites of protopanaxadiol saponin contained in the medium--20-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol, 20-O-?.alpha.-L-arabinopyranosyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol, and 20-0-?.alpha.-L-arabinopuranosyl(1.fwdarw.6)-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl!-20(s )-protopanaxadiol --are generated and accumulated for collecting them thereof.

Abstract: The ballistic transfer transfection technology employs a cold gas shock wave to accelerate microprojectiles that carry matter into cells by mechanical force. The present invention relates to a device that splits the cold gas shock wave into several individual shock waves that spread the pressure of the initial shock wave to several projectile launching devices. The number of cells transfected by this new device is increased manyfold, compared to the original apparatus. The use of the technology in a clinical context is facilitated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel compound having the formula ##STR1## which exhibits antifungal activity.

Abstract: A structural gene encoding a polypeptide with .DELTA.8-7 sterol isomerase activity is disclosed, Recombinant DNA molecules useful for transforming yeast and mutant yeast transformed with such recombinant DNA molecules are also disclosed. The structural gene is useful for modulating the accumulation of sterols in yeast comprising increasing the expression level of a structural gene encoding a polypeptide having .DELTA.8-7 sterol isomerase activity in a mutant yeast having single or double defects in the expression of sterol biosynthetic enzymes is provided.

Abstract: The compound of formula, ##STR1## is obtained from cultures of Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum. The compound is an inhibitor of phospholipase C.

Abstract: 20 -Methyl-5,7-pregnadiene-3.beta.,21-diol derivatives of general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 means a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group andR.sub.2 means a lower alkyl group orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent a tetramethylene group or a pentamethylene group and a process for their production are described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is a remainder of an easily cleavable ether, K is a protected ketone function in the form of ketal, thioketal or mixed ketal and R.sub.1 has the above definition with a magnesium organic compound reagent of the formulaHalMg--CH.sub.2 --R.sub.2 Awherein Hal is a halogen and R.sub.2 is defined as above to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and K are defined as above, reacting the latter with an acylation agent to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein R.sub.5 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and K are defined as above, reacting the latter with an appropriate alkylation agent to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: Energy-transfer systems which can be used, inter alia, for measuring distances within or between different molecules are described, comprising derivatives of lumazine and ruthenium, in particular derivatives of DNA or RNA sequences.