Abstract: A method of extracting and measuring one or more biochemicals from a biological sample, comprises immersing the biological sample in an organic solvent, whereby one or more biochemicals present in the biological sample are extracted into the organic solvent; separating the biological sample from the free organic solvent; and measuring the level(s) of the one or more biochemicals extracted into the organic solvent, wherein the biological sample remains analyzable by histological analysis.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for the prognostic evaluation of a patient suspected of having, or having, cancer by assessing the expression of IMP3 in a biological sample of a patient. Methods can be used at the time of initial diagnosis of malignant tumors to identify a group of patients with a high potential to develop progression or metastasis later. Therefore, methods not only are able to provide very useful prognostic information for patients but also can help clinicians to select a candidate patient likely to benefit from early and aggressive cancer therapy. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer associated with expression of IMP3 are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention recognizes that diagnosis and prognosis of many conditions can depend on the enrichment of rare cells, especially tumor cells, from a complex fluid sample such as a blood sample. In particular, the present invention is directed to methods and compositions for detecting a non-hematopoietic cell, e.g., a non-hematopoietic tumor cell, in a blood sample via, inter alia, removing red blood cells (RBCs) from a blood sample using a non-centrifugation procedure, removing white blood cells (WBCs) from said blood sample to enrich a non-hematopoietic cell, if any, from said blood sample; and assessing the presence, absence and/or amount of said enriched non-hematopoietic cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a various three-dimensional polymeric scaffold and methods for producing and using the same. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional polymeric scaffold is used to promote cell migration. Yet in another embodiment, the three-dimensional polymeric scaffold comprises enhanced surface functionalization. In one particular embodiment, the polymeric scaffold comprises a plurality of polymer layers, wherein each polymer layer comprises microchannels. Still in another particular embodiment, the composition comprises a fibrous cholesteryl succinyl silane. Yet in another particular embodiment, a polymer comprising cholesteryl succinyl silane attached (e.g., hybridized) to its surface is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more isolated factors from a microenvironment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), including, but not limited to, Lefty and inhibitors of Nodal. The invention also provides methods of utilizing factors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and their microenvironment to treat and prevent tumor formation and progression and to inhibit tumor cell aggressiveness. The invention further provides methods of inhibiting tumor cell growth and/or treating aggressive tumors in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal, having at least one tumor cell present in its body, an effective amount of an inhibitor of Nodal activity.

Abstract: Presented is a method of determining the presence of carcinomic cells in a sample by contacting a sample of cells with a solution of TCPP to permit binding of the TCPP to components of the abnormal dysplastic or carcinomic cells, if any are present; detecting TCPP fluorescence in the sample, the presence of TCPP fluorescence being indicative that the sample contains dysplastic or carcinomic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improved diagnosis of dysplasias based on simultaneous detection of INK4a gene products and at least one marker for cell proliferation. Particularly the present invention provides a method for discriminating dysplastic cells over-expressing INK4a gene products from cells over-expressing INK4a gene products without being dysplastic by detection of a marker suitable for characterizing the proliferation properties of the respective cell. The characterization of the proliferation properties may comprise the detection of a marker or a set of markers characteristic for active cell proliferation and/or a marker or a set of markers characteristic for retarded or ceased cell proliferation. The method presented herein thus enables for a specific diagnosis of dysplasias in histological and cytological specimens.

Abstract: Provided is a composition and a kit for separating a cancer stem cell or a circulating tumor cell, a method of separating a cancer stem cell or a circulating tumor cell in a biological sample, and a method for diagnosing metastatic cancer.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method capable of accurately determining a metastasis of cancer, the stage of cancer progression, or the malignancy of cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides anti-mesothelin antibodies and immunoconjugates and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A novel dual mode sensor may combine mass-sensing measurements of dynamic-mode cantilevers with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy employed for transduction in sensitive electrochemical biosensors. The integrated design of the sensor may provide simultaneous and continuous measurement of resonant frequency shift and charge transfer resistance of a target analyte bound to a surface of the sensor. Binding of a target analyte to the surface of the sensor may cause charge transfer resistance to increase and the resonant frequency of the sensor to decrease. These simultaneous dynamic modes of the sensor may be utilized to measure an amount of mass of the target analyte accumulated on the surface of the sensor and to reduce and/or eliminate false negative measurement results.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prophylactic and therapeutic methods of immunization against neoplastic and infectious diseases. The invention provides a method for identification of novel immunogens and compositions of such immunogens that are useful for eliciting immune responses against antigens associated with neoplastic or infectious diseases.

Abstract: An isolated sequence SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET (OPNcPEP) SEQ ID NO: 8, and uses thereof. The peptide enhanced soft agar clone formation but did not support the growth of cells in plastic dishes, consistent with supporting anchorage-independence rather than growth. This sequence represented and is unique for a domain around the splice junction of OPN variant -c (OPN-c). OPN-c was expressed in a variety of tumor cell lines, but not in normal tissues (e.g., non-cancerous tissue) or in benign tumors. OPN-c antibody may be administered to a patient with a cancer associated with OPN-c expression to prevent the formation and growth of metastases. OPN-c may be used as a diagnostic to determine whether a patient has a malignant, rather than a benign, growth. OPN-c may be used to detect or identify agents that inhibit or mimic OPN-c expression or activity.

Abstract: Regions where metastatic cancer cells can exist are detected with high accuracy in a sentinel lymph node. Quantum dots are injected into the vicinity of a cancer in a living body, thereby identifying the location of the sentinel lymph node by means of fluorescence. Subsequently, the sentinel lymph node is extracted. With respect to the sentinel lymph node extracted with quantum dots injected, structural analysis is conducted by means of precision fluorescence measurement which uses a confocal fluorescence microscope for monomolecular observation. Specifically, the fluorescence intensity is measured with respect to each of multiple areas in the sentinel lymph nodes, and out of the multiple areas measured, one or more areas are detected as afferent lymph vessel inflow regions in descending order of fluorescence intensity.

Abstract: The present invention recognizes that diagnosis and prognosis of many conditions can depend on the enrichment of rare cells, especially tumor cells, from a complex fluid sample such as a blood sample. In particular, the present invention is directed to methods and compositions for detecting a non-hematopoietic cell, e.g., a non-hematopoietic tumor cell, in a blood sample via, inter alia, removing red blood cells (RBCs) from a blood sample using a non-centrifugation procedure, removing white blood cells (WBCs) from said blood sample to enrich a non-hematopoietic cell, if any, from said blood sample; and assessing the presence, absence and/or amount of said enriched non-hematopoietic cell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, assays, and kits for detecting HPV infection, including infection by various HPV genotypes, early and/or late HPV-associated or HPV-specific proteins or antibodies. Mononoclonal antibodies are used to detect oncogenic high risk and low risk HPV types in a single assay, which is not limited to assay type or format. Useful tools for specific detection of various HPV associated cancers are provided. HPV associated cancer biomarkers are identified and can be used in a screening method for early stage precancerous lesions as well as late stage cancer progression.

Abstract: Methods for detecting thyroid cancer or thyroid cancer status in a subject are described comprising measuring novel markers or polynucleotides encoding the markers in a sample from the subject. The invention also provides localization or imaging methods for thyroid cancer, and kits for carrying out the methods of the invention. The invention also contemplates therapeutic applications for thyroid cancer employing the novel markers, polynucleotides encoding the markers, and/or binding agents for the markers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for isolating target biomolecules or cells from samples, particularly biological samples. In particular, the device comprises a loading mixture, which contains the biological sample and a first binding entity that specifically binds to the target biomolecule or target cell; and a micro-channel coated with a second binding entity that binds directly or indirectly to the first binding entity. Methods of capturing, detecting, and/or evaluating target biomolecules or target cells (e.g. cancer cells) in biological samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: Variant IL-13 polypeptides are provided, which are engineered to have one or more of the following properties: (a) altered affinity for IL-13R?2, relative to the native human IL-13 protein; (b) altered affinity for IL-13R?1 relative to the native human IL-13 protein; (c) a disruption in the binding site for IL-4R? relative to the native human IL-13 protein.

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer with a recombinant tumor-associated antigen loaded antigen presenting cell that generates a cytotoxic T lymphocyte specific immune response to at least one of SP17, AKAP-4, or PTTG1 expressed by one or more lung cancer cells.

Abstract: Provided are methods and kits for analyzing biomarkers in one or more signal transduction pathways in a cell. In some embodiments, the methods and kits of the invention permit simultaneous analysis of more than one biomarker and/or more than one signal transduction pathway. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting whether a cell treated with an agent targeting a targeted biomarker is responding to the agent, or whether the cell is developing resistance to the agent. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for determining which biomarker to target in a diseased or damaged cell, or which pathway an agent is targeting in an agent-treated cell. The invention provides kits for carrying out the described methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining a breast cancer-associated disease state comprising the steps of: a) providing a sample to be tested; and b) determining a biomarker signature of the test sample by measuring the presence and/or amount in the test sample of one or more biomarker selected from the group defined in Table 1; wherein the presence and/or amount in the test sample of the one or more biomarker selected from the group defined in Table 1 is indicative of the breast cancer-associated disease state. The invention further provides arrays and kits fir use in the same.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the anti-PAX8 antibodies, kits, cocktails, and use of anti-PAX8 antibodies for detection of cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for simultaneously detecting the activation state of a plurality of proteins in single cells using flow cytometry. The invention further provides methods and compositions of screening for bioactive agents capable of coordinately modulating the activity of a plurality of proteins in single cells. The methods and compositions can be used to determine the protein activation profile of a cell for predicting or diagnosing a disease state, and for monitoring treatment of a disease state.

Abstract: Provided are a multiple immunoassay apparatus on a chip in which a structure comprising multiple microfluidic channels is associated with a tissue sample, which allows immunohistochemical reactions to be conducted therein, to examine various markers specific for certain diseases, and a method for performing multiple immunoassays using the same. The multiple immunoassay apparatus comprises: at least one antibody-introducing unit through which at least one antibody is introduced into the apparatus; at least one reaction unit in which the antibody reacts with a sample in an immunohistochemical pattern; and at least one fluid outlet through which a fluid including the antibody is discharged outside the apparatus.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a detection method in which background noise is not increased even if a high-luminance fluorescent labeling material is used and which has an improved S/N ratio and high quantitativity and is advantageous for an immunohistological staining method.

Abstract: A particle comprising at least one polymer having negative or positive charges and at least one antibody bound to the polymer, wherein the antibody specifically binds to a surface marker of at least one target cell, and kit comprising same.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for determining or predicting response to HER2-directed therapy in an individual.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method for detecting the cancerous cells using the carbon nanotubes. The method comprises preparing a solution of the tissue cells. The prepared solution of the tissue cells is poured on a fabricated substrate to carry out an entrapment of the tissue cells on the substrate. The substrate is dried after the entrapment in an air ambient and observed under a scanning electron microscope. The cancer cell is detected based on the biomechanical properties such as softness, deformability and an elasticity of the cancer cells. The cancer cell is detected based on the deflection of the substrate due to the entrapment of the cancer cells.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of intestinal metaplasias that develop to esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The stem cells and differentiated cells of these intestinal metaplasias show high expression of CDH17 as well as other proteins. The invention also includes a clonal population of Barrett's esophagus stem cells as well as the stem cells of the surrounding normal epithelia and methods of using them for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Barrett's esophagus.

Abstract: Conjugates of a C-terminal modified diabody and a nanoparticle are provided in which the C-terminal modification introduces a cysteine residue at a C-terminus of the diabody and the diabody is covalently linked to the nanoparticle via a heterobiofunctional linker attached to the introduced cysteine residue.

Abstract: The present invention provides analog compounds of DPA-713 which specifically bind the translocator protein (TSPO), which is upregulated in activated leukocytes, some malignant tumors and tissues involved in steroid biogenesis. These compounds are linked via a linking moiety to a variety of imaging agents, including, for example, near infra-red dyes. The compounds of the present invention are useful for both pre-clinical near-IR fluorescence imaging (NIRF) and use in optically-guided interventions including NIRF endoscopy. Methods of use in diagnosis and treatment of TSPO related disease are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for determining the presence of cancer stem cells by detecting GD2 expression. Also provided are methods for reducing proliferation of cancer stem cells by contacting the cells with a GD2 targeting agent, such as an anti-GD2 antibody or a GD3 synthase inhibitor. GD3 synthase inhibitor compounds are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of breast cancer which is estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2) and/or progesterone receptor positive (PR) and/or facilitates chromatin transcription positive (FACT+) with a curaxin, including curaxin 137. The present invention also pertains to a method of identifying a subject who has a breast cancer tumor and is likely to respond to treatment with a curaxin.

Abstract: A method and kit is provided to quantifying and qualifying exosomes in human cell derived samples or in body fluid based on expression of TM9-superfamily proteins on the exosomes. Furthermore, a method and a kit to diagnose malignant tumors is provided. The disclosure also provides a method to monitor tumor growth.

Abstract: The present invention provides means and a method assuring the effectiveness of early diagnosis of cancers including gastric cancers. Specifically, the present invention provides an antibody, which is prepared using, as an antigen, (a) a peptide comprising at least contiguous amino acids at positions 69 to 75 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or (b) a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in at least contiguous amino acids at positions 69 to 75 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and having the antigenicity of human MUC1 protein, and which is reactive with human mucin 1 (MUC1) protein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the assessment of lung cancer. It discloses the use of protein CYBP in the assessment of lung cancer. It also relates to a method for assessing lung cancer in vitro using a liquid sample, derived from an individual by measuring CYBP in said sample. Measurement of CYBP can, e.g., be used in the early detection or in the follow-up of patients with lung cancer.

Abstract: Candidate cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), present with blood are captured using a multiple stage device, having successive stages configured to deviate candidate cells out of the blood while slowing down the flow rates of the deviated resultant for easier capture of CTCs through progressive stages. The devices can include separation channel and deviation channels formed of micro-post patterns dimensioned to deviate different desired candidate cells for analysis.

Abstract: Use of antibodies or binding portions thereof, probes, ligands, or other biological agents which either recognize an extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or bind to and are internalized with PSMA. These biological agents can be labeled and used for detection of cancerous tissues, particularly cancerous tissues proximate to or containing vascular endothelial cells, which express an extracellular domain of PSMA. The labeled biological agents can also be used to detect normal, benign hyperplastic, and cancerous prostate epithelial cells or portions thereof. They also can be used alone or bound to a substance effective to ablate or kill such cells as a therapy for prostate or other cancers. Also disclosed are four hybridoma cells lines, each of which produces a monoclonal antibody recognizing extracellular domains of PSMA of normal, benign hyperplastic, and cancerous prostate epithelial cells or portions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides multi-parameter analysis methods for determining the presence or absence of pre-cancerous or cancerous cells in a cervical sample and for screening cervical abnormality in a cervical sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and automated methods for screening cervical abnormality in a sample. The invention further provides a sampling device and a sample collection assembly for collecting cell samples, including cervical samples.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to novel nucleic acid sequences and their encoded proteins, referred to as 158P1D7 and variants thereof, and to diagnostic and therapeutic methods and compositions useful in the management of various cancers that express 158P1D7 and variants thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for selecting a pool of molecules comprising detecting if the pool of molecules has binding specificity to an agent. A method for selecting a pool of biological markers in or on a cell, a composition comprising a pool of molecules, a method for delivering a therapeutic agent, and a method for diagnosing a condition in a subject are also provided.

Abstract: Efficacy of a therapeutic to enhance antitumor immunity in a patient is predicted, where the therapeutic is one that targets an immunomodulatory leukocyte membrane protein (ILMP) to enhance immune activity. Peripheral blood sample from the patient is tested for levels of monocytes having specific cell surface markers (CD14+, HLA-DRlow) prior to treatment. Low levels of monocytes of this type (PBM14+HLA-DRlow) indicate a greater likelihood of therapeutic efficacy. In specific exemplary embodiments of the invention, the therapeutic is an antibody to CTLA4, such as ipilimumab or tremelimumab.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for detecting, prognosing, inhibiting, treating, and/or preventing cancer are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of distinguishing among various types of differentiated and undifferentiated epithelial carcinomas, and non-epithelial carcinomas, by detecting the presence of p63 nucleic acid or protein expression. The invention also provides methods for detecting p63 nucleic acids and proteins, as well as methods for diagnosing and treating certain tumors based on whether the tumors express p63.

Abstract: Magnetic-optical iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles are disclosed. Methods for making and using the nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for predicting or determining the response of a mammalian tumor to a chemotherapeutic agent and for treating a mammalian tumor comprising detecting and quantifying the SPARC protein or RNA in a sample isolated from the mammal. The invention further provides kit for predicting the response of a mammalian tumor to a chemotherapeutic agent, comprising a means for the isolation of protein or RNA from the tumor, a SPARC protein or RNA detection and quantification means, control RNAs, and rules for predicting the response of the tumor based on the level of SPARC protein or RNA in tumor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to bladder cancer specific ligand peptides, comprising the amino acid sequence X1DGRX5GF (SEQ ID NO:1), and methods of their use, e.g., for imaging detection for diagnosis of bladder, tumor localization to guide transurethral resection of bladder cancer, imaging detection of bladder cancer for follow-up after the initial treatment that can replace or complement costly cystoscopy, imaging detection of metastatic bladder cancer, and targeted therapy for superficial and metastatic bladder cancer.

Abstract: Markers useful for the identification, characterization and, optionally, the enrichment or isolation of tumorigenic cells or cell subpopulations are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing cancer comprising detecting ROBO1 protein is disclosed. In addition, a method for treating a disease caused by abnormal cell growth comprising administrating an antibody that binds to ROBO1, as well as a pharmaceutical composition, a cell growth inhibitor and an anticancer agent comprising an antibody that binds to ROBO1 as an active ingredient are disclosed. Further, a method for inducing cell damages in a ROBO1 expressing cell and a method for inhibiting the growth of a ROBO1 expressing cell by bringing a ROBO1 expressing cell into contact with an antibody that binds to ROBO1, are disclosed. Furthermore, a method for monitoring progression of hepatitis by detecting ROBO1 protein is disclosed.