Abstract: Methods of natural gas production and carbon sequestration are provided. The method includes delivering a feedstock downhole to a coal reservoir, generating biogas within the coal reservoir, and harvesting the biogas. Another method for tracing the migration of biogas in a coal reservoir includes delivering a feedstock downhole to a coal reservoir, generating biogas that is isotopically differentiable from a background gas within the coal reservoir through microbial action, harvesting the biogas, analyzing the biogas from the coal reservoir at the injection well and at one or more offset wells within the same coal reservoir, detecting the biogas at the offset wells using isotopic differentiation, and mapping the migration of the biogas from the injection well to the offset wells using the biogas as an isotopic tracer.

Abstract: A hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide exhibits anti-viral effects not only on HIV-1 and HBV but also on all viruses by increasing the expression of type I interferon. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide has a synergistic effect when co-administered with a conventional anti-viral agent. The hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptide is effectively usable in the treatment of virus-related diseases such as AIDS or liver diseases.

Abstract: Antiviral polypeptides and methods of use are provided herein. In particular, these polypeptides can comprise the Yodha amino acid sequence, variants, derivatives, or truncated versions thereof. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to uses of the peptides, nucleic acid molecules, and compositions disclosed herein to treat or prevent a viral infection.

Abstract: A method of producing a compound originating from a polysaccharide-based biomass includes at least one of a saccharification step that produces a sugar solution containing a monosaccharide and/or an oligosaccharide from a product obtainable by hydrolyzing the polysaccharide-based biomass; a fermentation step that ferments the sugar solution containing the monosaccharide and/or oligosaccharide originating from the polysaccharide-based biomass; and a treatment that removes a fermentation inhibitor with the use of a separation membrane having a glucose removal rate and an isopropyl alcohol removal rate which simultaneously satisfy the following relationships (I) and (II) when a 500 ppm aqueous glucose solution at pH 6.5 at 25° C. and a 500 ppm aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution at pH 6.5 at 25° C. are respectively permeated through the membrane at an operation pressure of 0.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for diagnosing and prognosing Inflammatory Bowel disease or Crohn's disease (CD) by measuring levels of antibodies to glycans in a biological sample.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for diagnosing Crohn's disease (CD) or anti-phospholipid syndrome by measuring levels of antibodies to glycans in a biological sample.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of ethanol by harvesting starch-accumulating filament-forming or colony-forming algae to form a biomass, initiating cellular decay of the biomass, fermenting the biomass in the presence of a yeast, and the isolating the ethanol produced. The present invention further relates to processing of the biomass remaining after ethanol production to recovering biodiesel starting materials and/or generation of heat and carbon dioxide via combustion.

Abstract: Inactivated microorganisms are described which comprise agents that are pharmacologically active for human or animal organisms. A process for the preparation of said organisms is further described and their use as medicaments, food integrators or nutritional substances in general, for both human and animal alimentation.

Abstract: New baker's yeasts which have good general performances in not-delayed bread-making, i.e., in bread-making processes which do not comprise a freezing or a deep-freezing step, are resistant with respect to the stress caused by freezing when they are used in sweetened doughs and do not give rise to the appearance neither of bad taste, nor of off-flavors in the presence of cinnamon.

Abstract: Novel Saccharomyces Cerevisiae mutant strains are provided for producing human parathyroid hormone. The novel strains acre genetically disrupted in at least one of the genes encoding the yapsin family of proteases Yapsin 1, Yapsin 2 and Yapsin 3 and harbor a human parathyroid hormone gene in their genomes. Culturing the novel strains results in the secretion of intact hPTH into culture media at high yield.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of ethanol by harvesting starch-accumulating filament-forming or colony-forming algae to form a biomass, initiating cellular decay of the biomass in a dark and anaerobic environment, fermenting the biomass in the presence of a yeast, and the isolating the ethanol produced. The present invention further relates to processing of the biomass remaining after ethanol production to recovering biodiesel starting materials and/or generation of heat and carbon dioxide via combustion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism having an L-arginine producing ability where the microorganism synthesizes L-arginine through the biosynthetic linear or cyclic pathway and contains a recombinant DNA containing the argJ gene encoding an enzyme having ornithine acetyltransferase activity.

Abstract: A method for converting organic solid waste into humic products and the corresponding apparatus, in which a preliminary aerobic fermentation of the organic solid waste is performed, followed by a second aerobic fermentation of the organic waste in the presence of specific microorganisms in order to provide a basic precursor on which the selective metabolization occurs of specific bacterial strains to provide the humic product.

Abstract: The present invention provides high throughput screening Systems for identifying antifungal compounds. The method can be performed in plurality simultaneously with fluorescence or absorbance readouts.

Abstract: The present invention solves the need for non-toxic forms of selenium which is an essential part of the human diet. This invention provides novel dried-yeast products containing selenium as well as a method of producing the dried yeast products. The method uses selenium having high biological activity but low toxicity. The invention also provides nutritional supplements containing the novel selenium containing dried yeast products and methods of administering these products and supplements to improve human health. The invention also provides a practically non-toxic yeast selenium product having increased intracellular selenium concentrations and methods to reduce tumor cell growth by administration of a selenium yeast product in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, selenium yeast product of strain ATCC 74366.

Abstract: The present invention provides high throughput screening systems for identifying antifungal compounds. The method can be performed in plurality simultaneously with fluorescence or absorbance readouts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-(R)-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1 (S)-acetate of the formula 2 by reacting meso-cyclopent-2-en-1, 4-diacetate of formula 1 with a whole cell enzyme in a mixture of a buffer and an organic solvent, filtering the reaction mixture to remove the enzyme, extracting the resultant compound with an organic solvent, and removing the solvent to obtain the desired product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing biologically active recombinant yeast protein disulfide isomerase, which includes the steps of: a) deleting, substituting, or adding one or more bases in a region encoding an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal in a gene encoding protein disulfide isomerase of yeast to modify the gene so as not to encode part or all of the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal; b) incorporating the modified gene into an expression vector; c) transforming host cells with the expression vector; and d) culturing the host cells transformed with the expression vector in a culture medium kept at a nearly neutral pH, thereby causing protein disulfide isomerase to be secreted in an active state outside the host cells. According to the process of the invention, recombinant yeast protein disulfide isomerase can be secreted in a large amount in a biologically active state into a culture medium, and can be collected by a simple purification method.

Abstract: A process and a system for removal of metals from ground water or from soil by bioreducing or bioaccumulating the metals using metal tolerant microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tolerant to the metals, able to bioreduce the metals to the less toxic state and to accumulate them. The process and the system is useful for removal or substantial reduction of levels of chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, zinc, nickel, calcium, strontium, mercury and copper in water.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of baker's yeast having both freezing tolerance and drying tolerance, which comprises drying pressed raw yeast suitable to baking from frozen dough, and screening it for instant dry yeast not interfering with its aptitude for frozen dough. Using the instant dry yeast, prepared is an instant-type, dry yeast composition of which the yeast activity is lowered little in the baking process from frozen dough that comprises freezing and storing dough and thawing the frozen dough. When the dry yeast is mixed with side materials in preparing dough and the dough is frozen and stored for a certain period of time and thereafter thawed, it still maintains its good baking capabilities. The dry yeast has the significant advantage of maintaining its original baking capabilities even in frozen and thawed dough. In particular, strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae P-572, FERM BP-6148.

Abstract: An antimycotic protein complex is isolated from a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by incubation at 18-24° C. in a liquid nutrient medium at a pH of 4.5, followed by a centrifugation to separate the cells, filtering and ultrafiltering of the supernanticent liquid to about a 500 to 800-fold increase in concentration, and suspending the concentrate in EDTA.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-molecular weight, metabolism-activating mixtures of active ingredients from yeast fungi of the order Saccharomycetes and is characterized in that they are obtained from yeasts of the said order of Saccharomycetes, which are cultivated for some hours at temperatures starting at 37° C., are heated to a maximum of 45° C. and, following cooling, are subsequently processed in a manner known per se.

Abstract: The present invention provides high throughput screening systems for identifying antifungal compounds. The method can be performed in plurality simultaneously with fluorescence or absorbance readouts.

Abstract: This invention relates to yeast-mediated catalysis in organic solvents, and in particular the yeast-mediated condensation between pyruvate and a substituted aromatic aldehyde to yield the corresponding acyloin (hydroxy ketone) compound. The invention provides a method of synthesis of a substituted carbinol compound, comprising the step of subjecting the corresponding substituted aromatic aldehyde to acyloin condensation mediated by a yeast in an organic solvent under non-fermenting conditions. Preferably the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction is that between pyruvate and benzaldehyde to yield phenylacetylcarbinol, the precursor to ephedrine, to yield a product of high enantiomeric purity.

Abstract: The present invention solves the need for non-toxic forms of bioactive chromium which is an essential part of the human diet. This invention provides novel dried-yeast products containing chromium as well as a method of producing the dried yeast products. The method uses organochromium complexes comprised of trivalent chromium, nicotinate, and glycine having high Glucose Tolerance Factor chromium activity. The invention also provides nutritional supplements containing the novel chromium-containing dried-yeast products and methods of administering these products and supplements to increase glucose uptake and insulin binding.

Abstract: A culture medium which is completely free of chemical additives and which can be used for the individual culture of yeast and of lactic acid bacteria or for the coculture of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria is prepared. The preparation of the medium is carried out by a process comprising making in a bioreactor a first medium using a dilute aqueous mixture containing a yeast autolysate and whole-meal or wheat germ, starch and gluten. Alpha-amylase enzymes and amyloglucosidase are added thereto for hydrolyzing the starch into a sugar. Furthermore proteolytic enzymes of food quality are also added for hydrolyzing gluten into aromatic peptides and free amino acids for microbial growth. The first medium is further sterilized and table salt may be added, however, no other chemical additives are ever added to the first medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-molecular, metabolism-activating mixtures of active ingredients from yeast fungi of the order Saccharomycetes and is characterized in that they are obtained from yeasts of the said order of Saccharomycetes, which are cultivated for some hours at temperatures starting at 37.degree. C., are heated to a maximum of 45.degree. C. and, following cooling, are subsequently processed in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compositions useful in the treatment of dietary disorders, and as dietary additives to provide a source of fiber and of short chain fatty acids, to reduce the level of serum cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol levels and as bulking agents in humans and animals, as well as methods of use therefor are described. The compositions and methods are based on whole .beta.-glucans.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to an improved process for the production of alcohol which obviates the drawbacks and limitations of the hitherto known process, comprises growing a yeast in a conventional growth medium, fermenting the medium containing carbon and nitrogen source along with other conventional nutrient ingredients and fruit supplement in whole or in fractions like husk, pulp, powder of seeds and mixture thereof used at least 0.25% by weight allowing the resultant broth to ferment for at least 15 hours at temperature in the range of 15-37.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-molecular, metabolism-activating mixtures of active ingredients from yeast fungi of the order Saccharomycetes and is characterized in that they are obtained from yeasts of the said order of Saccharomycetes, which are cultivated for some hours at temperatures starting at 37.degree. C., are heated to a maximum of 45.degree. C. and, following cooling, are subsequently processed in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing folic acid, comprising incubating yeast having the ability to produce folic acid of 0.3 mg or more or incubating bacteria having the ability to produce folic acid of 1 mg or more per liter of the culture, thereby accumulating folic acid in the culture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are genetic markers for favorable reproductive traits in animals such as litter size, and weaning weight. Methods for identifying such markers, and methods of screening animals to determine those more likely to produce favorable reproductive traits and preferably selecting those animals for future breeding purposes.

Abstract: A biomass which can be used directly as panification ferment without previous separation of the culture medium and the biomass and without addition of industrial yeast is prepared by cultivating at least one strain of yeast in a culture medium specified in the description. Preferably, the said ferment comprises as yeast the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae steineri DSM 9211.

Abstract: A biomass constituted of yeast and of lactic acid bacteria, which can be used directly as panification ferment without previous separation of the culture medium and the biomass, is prepared by cocultivating at least one strain of yeast and at least one strain of lactic acid bacteria in a mixed and/or sequential culture, in a culture medium specified in the description. Preferably, the said ferment comprises as yeast the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae steineri DSM 9211 and as lactic acid bacteria one or several strains of Lactobacillus brevis DSM 9209, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9208, Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 9207 and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM 9210.

Abstract: The invention relates to the human herpesvirus type 6 protein p100 and parts thereof having its specific immunological properties. It further relates to antibodies directed to them and to the corresponding DNA sequences. They can be used in pharmaceutical or diagnostic compositions, optionally together with other HHV-6 proteins or the corresponding DNA sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybridoma cell line which produces a monoclonal antibody which cross reacts with both yeast and human fibrillarin. Diagnostic kits are also described. These are useful in diagnosing diseases such as scleroderma.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for killing cells in fermentation mixtures in order to prepare the fermentation mixture for processing to recover or extract a desired product from the fermentation mixture. A preferred method of this invention comprises in either order, adjusting the pH of the fermentation mixture to a value equal to or less than about two pH units below the pK.sub.a of the compatible organic acid using a mineral acid, and adding a sufficient amount of a compatible organic acid and/or organic acid salt to the mixture to effect a substantially complete cell kill. The method of this invention is useful for killing microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria or fungi in any culture or fermentation mixture and is particularly useful in systems where it is desired to kill the cells without lysing them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in situ hybridization methods for the identification of new chromosomal abnormalities associated with various diseases. In particular, it provides probes which are specific to a region of amplification in chromosome 20.

Abstract: The present invention includes a yeast cell utilizing solely galactose as a carbohydrate source in the presence of glucose.

Abstract: Process for developing a baker's yeast strain having an Lti property, in which a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having an Lti property is first crossed with a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having at least one MAL allele which is active but under catabolic repression, then in a second stage, the segregants are crossed, and finally, a prototrophic diploid strain having an Lti phenotype, a Mal phenotype which is active but under catabolic repression, and a potential for growing in a fed-batch process, is selected. Industrial baker's yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has a growth yield in a fed-batch process of 0.1 to 0.5 g of dry biomass/g of sugar, a CO.sub.2 production of less than 15 ml/h/kg of dough up to 8.degree. C., of less than 20 ml/h/kg of dough up to 12.degree. C., and also less than 10 ml per g of compressed yeast up to a temperature of 18.degree. C., after 4 days of culture in maltose-containing medium.

Abstract: Nucleic acid probes and primers are described for detecting fungi that cause disease in humans and animals, as well as spoilage of food and beverages. These probes can detect rRNA, rDNA or polymerase chain reaction products from a majority of fungi in clinical, environmental or food samples. Nucleic acid hybridization assay probes specific for Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Pseudallescheria boydii, and Sporothrix schenckii are also described.

Abstract: A process for producing recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) which comprises culturing an HSA producing host prepared by gene manipulation techniques at a temperature of from 21.degree. to 29.degree. C. Culturing the HSA producing host under such a specified temperature condition makes it possible to increase productivity of HSA production, improve the growth yield of an HSA producing host, and reduce the degree of coloring in the HSA preparation.

Abstract: Flavorant compounds and compositions for food substances are prepared in a food-acceptable manner by bio-conversion of a cysteine S-complex with a food-acceptable micro-organism, particularly a yeast or filamentous fungus, which, upon incubation with the complex, splits the complex at a terminal carboxyl group in a beta position to yield a product including a thiol and at least one metabolite compound, and the product is isolated.

Abstract: The present invention includes a yeast cell utilizing solely galactose as a carbohydrate source in the presence of glucose.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing S-3-(4'-tert-butyl)-phenyl-2-methyl propylamines having the structure I ##STR1## where NR.sub.1 R.sub.

Abstract: Nucleic acid probes and primers are described for detecting fungi that cause disease in humans and animals, as well as spoilage of food and beverages. These probes can detect rRNA, rDNA or polymerase chain reaction products from a majority of fungi in clinical, environmental or food samples. Nucleic acid hybridization assay probes specific for Acremonium sp., Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus unguis, Aspergillus ustus, Beauveria sp., Bipolaris sp., Blastoschizomyces sp., Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Chrysosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii serotype B, Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A, Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus terreus, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp.

Abstract: There is disclosed an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence of the suce antigen of a hepatitis B virus. The present antigen can be produced easily and safely at low cost by means of recombinant DNA technique. The present antigen can be used as an effective vaccine and diagnostic for hepatitis B.

Abstract: A metabolite, e.g., ethanol, is continuously produced from low cost carbohydrate substrates by a process which comprises pulverizing the carbohydrate substrate; liquefying and saccharifying the pulverized substrate; continuously fermenting the lique-saccharified substrate in a fermentor equipped with a moving filter, in the presence of flocculent biological cells maintained at a concentration ranging from 90 to 160 g/l by using the moving filter and a culture medium to produce a fermentation product mixture; and recovering the desired metabolite from the fermentation product mixture.

Abstract: Refrigeratable yeast-leavened dough products are prepared that can be stored for extended periods of time at refrigeration temperatures. The dough composition and yeast strain are chosen to limit the total leavening action of the yeast by controlling the mount of substrate in the dough fermentable by the yeast. Dough compositions made in accordance with the invention are capable of being leavened at elevated temperatures, yet stored in a sealed container at refrigeration temperatures for extended periods of time. In one embodiment, a maltose negative yeast is used and sucrose or the like is added to the dough to serve as a fermentable substrate for the dough; this dough is suitable for storage times of up to 30 days or so.

Abstract: A process for producing recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) which comprises culturing an HSA producing host prepared by gene manipulation techniques at a temperature of from 21.degree. to 29.degree. C. Culturing the HSA producing host under such a specified temperature condition makes it possible to increase productivity of HSA production, improve the growth yield of an HSA producing host, and reduce the degree of coloring in the HSA preparation.