Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II): wherein, in the formula (I), R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently represent methyl group or ethyl group; and in the formula (II), R5, R6, R7, and R8 independently represent methyl group or ethyl group and X− represents an anion, and a reagent for measurement of nitric oxide which comprises said compound.

Abstract: In a process of treating a radical polymerizable compound containing a stable free radical compound, there is provided a method for measuring the concentration of the stable free radical compound rapidly and with high precision, from the absorption intensity of electron spin resonance.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of flunitrazepam in a sample. Flunitrazepam contained within the sample is reduced and hydrolyzed by the addition of a hydrolyzing agent and a reducing agent. A visualizing agent is provided to combine with the reduced and hydrolyzed species corresponding to the flunitrazepam to yield a colored species providing a qualitative colorimetric indication of the presence of flunitrazepam within the sample. The invention is a rugged and dependable method suitable for use in the field.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly sensitive and practical method for the determination of and the separation of 5-hydroxycreatinine from a sample of bodily fluid. The method of the present invention is useful as a method for the testing of renal dysfunction, such as uremia, chronic nephritis and closure of the urinary tract, etc. A separation solvent of pH 4.1 to 4.6 is used in a high performance liquid chromatography step that is carried out using a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin, such as a styrene-divinylbenzene resin. The determination sensitivity is a concentration of only about 0.02 &mgr;M, whereby 5-hydroxycreatinine in blood of healthy persons can be determined for the first time. Moreover, only one separation solvent, such as a citrate, need be used and the cycle time for analysis is only about 14 minutes per measurement. Thus, a practitioner using one set of HPLC equipment is able to carry out about 100 determinations per day.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for determining the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in a gas mixture such as air. The gas sample containing NO is mixed with a gas containing ozone (O3), and the change in the ozone concentration is measured after a sufficient time is allowed for the reaction between NO and O3 to take place and destroy a measurable quantity of O3. In the preferred embodiment, the concentration of ozone is measured using the technique of UV absorption. In this case, the invention has the advantage over other instruments for measuring NO of having absolute calibration based on the known extinction coefficient for ozone at ultraviolet wavelengths. The invention discloses both static and dynamic flow systems, and the NO concentration measurements may be made over a wide pressure range.

Abstract: A biologic electrode array assembly is formed on an integrated circuit chip that includes an array of electrodes. At least one metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) switch is coupled to at least one of the electrodes within the array. A voltage line is provided that is selectively connected to the at least one electrode via the MOS switch. A voltage source is coupled to the voltage line. In one preferred aspect of the invention, the MOS switch is a CMOS switch. In another aspect of the invention, an addressable memory is associated with the at least one electrode located within the array.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a new class of chemoselective polymer materials. In particular, the invention relates to linear polycarbosilane compounds for use in various analytical applications involving sorbent polymer materials, including chromatoghraphy, chemical trapping, analyte collection, and chemical sensor applications.

Abstract: The mixed oxide WxMo1-xO3, where preferably x can be in the range 0.01 to 0.9, is very useful for the detection of oxidizing gases and in particular is superior for the detection of ozone. The preferred composition is in the range of 1% to 21% Mo (i.e. 99% to 79% W). The present example in which the composition of the sensing material is in the range WxMo1-xO3 with x varying from 0.01 to 0.9, is clearly distinct from the device claimed in applicant's earlier patent. Precipitation of the material as a mixed oxide from an aqueous solution of the ammonium metallates in concentrations of the appropriate stoichiometric proportions yields a powder that can be screen-printed to give an ideal microstructure. Resistivity of the material may be tailored to a desired value by adjusting the Mo/W ratio within the single phase field. Varying this ratio adjusts catalytic properties of the material.

Abstract: An organic compound useful for detecting the total quantity of isocyanate in an environmental sample is provided. The compound is 9-anthrcenylmethyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (PAC), an isocyanate derivatizing agent. A process for producing PAC and methods for detecting a particular isocyanate monomer or the total isocyanate in environmental samples using PAC & related isocyanate derivatizing agents are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for notifying a user which gas tank(s) to connect to an enclosed chamber such as an incubator. The user inputs the desired setpoints for gasses such as O2 and CO2, and the corresponding gas level is determined. The determined gas level is compared with the setpoint of the gas and can display, which gas tank(s) should be hooked up to chamber.

Abstract: Elemental analysis of a sample is carried out in an oxygen atmosphere in a combustion reactor and the volume of oxygen required for analysis is determined by means of the algorithm Qo=&Dgr;(Qc)  [1] where Qo is the volume of oxygen required and Qc is the weight of the sample to be analyzed and &Dgr;=Qo1/Qc1 where Qo1 is the volume of oxygen necessary for the combustion of a predetermined quantity Qc1 of the sample to be analyzed, the volume of oxygen Qo is then fed in pulsed mode to the combustion reactor, by means of a flow detector.

Abstract: The concentration of nitric oxide in a gas is determined by oxidizing NO to NO2 and then measuring the concentration of NO2 in the gas, which is proportional to the concentration of NO. Preferably, gaseous NO2 molecules diffuse through a plurality of capillary membrane fibers and undergo a chemiluminescent reaction with a reagent flowing within; the light from the reaction is measured to determine NO2 concentration. In another aspect of a preferred embodiment, gas is passed through a scrubber before the concentration of NO2 is measured, in order to substantially remove carbon dioxide and ambient NO2 from the gas without substantially affecting the concentration of nitric oxide therein.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a new class of chemoselective polymer materials. In particular, the invention relates to linear and branched polysiloxane compounds for use in various analytical applications involving sorbent polymer materials, including chromatography, chemical trapping, analyte collection, and chemical sensor applications.

Abstract: Fluorescent dyes bearing at least one reactive group capable of reaction with nucleophilic groups are used for the qualitative and, if desired, quantitative fluorescence-analytical determination of the surface adsorption of compounds bearing amino and/or imino groups.

Abstract: An analyzer compensates for gas flow perturbations by providing a makeup flow of carrier gas to maintain the pressure and/or flow rate of analyte and inert gas through a detector constant such that a accurate determination of a low concentration of an analyte in the presence of a high concentration of a second analyte can be accurately determined. In one embodiment, a carrier gas is introduced through a valve responsive to the detected pressure in the gas flow stream between a scrubber and a subsequent detector for maintaining the pressure constant during an analysis. In another embodiment of the invention, a flow transducer is positioned in the gas flow path between the scrubber and detector and coupled to a flow control valve coupled to introduce carrier gas as a function of detected gas flow such that the flow rate of gas into the detector is maintained constant.

Abstract: Antibody specific for a 5-HTOL compound. A glucuronide with 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) characterized in that it comprises the structure of the &bgr;-glucuronide between the 5-hydroxy group of 5-HTOL and D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. An immunoassay and a diagnostic method utilizing the ummunoassay wherein a 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) compound is determined by the use of an antibody specific for a 5-HTOL compound is used.

Abstract: An instrument for microwave-assisted chemical processes is disclosed that provides greater flexibility in carrying out microwave-assisted chemistry under varying conditions. The instrument includes a source of microwave radiation, and a cavity in communication with the source, with the cavity including at least one wall formed of two engaged portions that form a barrier to the transmission of microwaves when so engaged. The engaged portions are disengagable from one another, and one of the portions includes a microwave-attenuating opening.

Abstract: A method for predicting nicotine replacement dosage to achieve a target nicotine serum concentration relies on measuring blood nicotine concentration prior to smoking cessation. At least two values corresponding to other patient characteristics, such as body mass, cumulative smoking, psychological dependence, age, and menopausal status, are also determined and used to predict expected blood nicotine concentrations based on nicotine replacement dosages. Such methods are useful in achieving target blood nicotine concentrations for smoking cessation and therapy.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for sensing nitroaromatics. The subject invention can utilize luminescent, for example fluorescent and/or electroluminescent, aryl substituted polyacetylenes and/or other substituted polyacetylenes which are luminescent for sensing nitroaromatics. In a specific embodiment, the subject invention can utilize thin films of flourescent and/or electroluminescent aryl substituted polyacetylenes and/or other substituted polyacetylenes which are fluorescent and/or electroluminescent. In a specific embodiment, the fluorescence from thin films of flourescent, substituted polyacetylene, such as—poly-[1-phenyl-2-(4-trimethylsilylphenyl)ethyne] (PTMSDPA) is strongly quenched by the vapors of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds present at levels ranging from parts-per-million to parts-per-billion in air.

Abstract: A detector for detecting vapors emitted from energetic compounds includes a housing, a pump and a sensing assembly. The housing has an inlet, an outlet and an enclosed sensing volume there between. The pump communicates with the housing for moving a carrier gas sequentially through the enclosed sensing volume at a predetermined flow rate. The sensing assembly senses the vapors of the energetic compound delivered by the carrier gas as the carrier gas passes through the housing. The sensing assembly includes a sensing unit constructed of an amplifying fluorescent polymer, a source of excitation, a light detector, and a convertor assembly.

Abstract: A single pass analyzer includes multiple infrared sensors, a catalytic converter, a scrubber and a thermal conductivity cell all coupled in series to provide a single pass (i.e., one sample) analyzer which allows for fast analysis, allows for the speciation of hydrogen samples, requires no purging between different sample types, utilizes a single carrier gas, and eliminates molecular sieves and Shutze converters. The resultant analyzer provides improved quicker results with less plumbing (i.e., gas conduits and valving) in a single instrument.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a concentration level of NOx in an exhaust stream from a combustion source. The method comprises capturing sample gas from the exhaust stream using a sampling device. NO2 in the sample gas is converted to NO by passing the sample gas through a catalytic NO2 converter. The method also comprises removing water from the sample gas by passing the sample gas through a dryer and determining a sample gas NO concentration level. The step of converting NO2 is performed at a temperature above the dew point temperature of the sample gas.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for quantitatively measuring nitrogen in Czochralski silicon based on the detection of one or more N—O complexes by means of low temperature Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (LT-FTIR) in the far infrared spectral range (FIR).

Abstract: An improved on-stream analyzer for monitoring sulfur or nitrogen content of liquid petroleum or beverage products is described. It consists of the following main components: a sample injector for injecting predetermined fixed volumes of the liquid into a thermal oxidizer (pyrolyzer) at a preset, controlled rate, a thermal oxidizer in which an inert carrier gas and oxygen are introduced at measured and preset, controlled rates to thermally oxidize the sample at a temperature of about 1050° C., sample conditioner to control the relative humidity and temperature of the resulting gas mixture, an electrochemical cell sensitive to sulfur dioxide (SO2) or NO to measure the concentration of SO2 or NO in the gas mixture, and a programmable logic controller (PLC) to calculate the sulfur content of the original sample and manage the analyzer.

Abstract: An apparatus provides for the detection, the determination of the location or the spatial distribution, and/or the quantification of an amount of a chemical species by allowing the chemical species to come into contact with a fluid medium contained in a permeable capillary, transferring the content of the capillary after the contact to a detector, and detecting the chemical species as the content of the capillary is transferred to a detector. The fluid medium can contain a selected reagent that selectively interacts with the chemical species to produce an optically detectable interaction product. The location and amount of the chemical species are determined from a characteristic of the chemical species or its interaction product measured on the content of the capillary and the time at which the characteristic is detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining ammoniacal species concentration in a gas sample. In one embodiment, trace concentration of ammonia in an air sample is determined by monitoring emission intensity from an excited radical species (NH*), which is produced in a reaction between ammonia and fluorine. The observed emission intensity is compared with calibration data obtained from previously analyzed gas samples containing ammonia. The method and apparatus can also be adapted to detect ammoniacal species concentration in other NH-containing gas samples.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and method for detecting and measuring volatile acidic or basic components including ammonia, ammonium, or volatile amines (compound) in a gas or liquid state fluid. Specifically, the present invention provides a PTFE-carrier solid phase indicator film having an ammonia-sensitive indicator dye embedded therein, such that the dye moiety changes color or spectral properties upon exposure to the compound to be detected.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for rapidly and simultaneously detecting, quantifying, and imaging gases, odors, malodors, volatiles and semi-volatiles using gas chromatography coupled with arrays of organic conducting polymers. The methods utilize changes in the polymer conductivity as a function of temperature to detect volatile organic molecules upon adsorption to the polymers. By raising the sensor temperature, adsorbed materials are further desorbed. This eliminates the fundamental problems of sensor fouling resulting from exposure to sulfur, nitrogen or ketone containing malodors. In a second embodiment, the resulting gas effluents from the sensor array are mixed with air, oxygen or hydrogen to produce a cloud of luminance that is detected by a charge-coupled device.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of a chemical sensor which can be used to measure nitric acidity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for accurately determining weight loss of a sample during heating in a furnace. The method includes the steps of placing a sample in a heated furnace, heating the sample while measurements of sample weight are made, determining rate function from the sample weight measurements, producing a weight loss correction factor using the rate function and using the weight loss correction factor to obtain a corrected weight loss for the sample.

Abstract: A simple screening method is provided for determining biological variations among individuals in a smoking cessation program so that a therapy regimen can be adjusted appropriately for each individual. The method includes the steps of having an individual intake a predetermined dose of nicotine, taking a saliva sample at a predetermined time subsequent to intake of the dose of nicotine, and measuring the nicotine and cotinine levels in the sample. Thereafter, a ratio is calculated which includes both the nicotine and cotinine levels as an indicator of the rate of nicotine metabolism of the individual being screened.

Abstract: A composition of matter has the formula: where n is an integer equal or greater than 1. The composition of matter possesses characteristic absorbance behavior with respect to infrared and visible energy, which is used to detect and determine the concentration of TCE. In another aspect, a method for generating the composition comprises reacting trichloroethylene (TCE) with poly(ethylenimine) in accordance with the formula: where n is an integer equal or greater than 1. Also, the invention sets forth a sensor to detect trichloroethylene (TCE) in materials. The sensor includes the composition of material that can absorb at least one of infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) or visible (VIS) energies when formed by the reaction of trichloroethylene (TCE) with poly(ethylenimine).

Abstract: A more efficient combustion or oxidation device for the formation of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or sulfur oxides from a sample containing these elemental constituents is disclosed. The device uses multi-staged addition of an oxidizing agent to enhance oxidation and liberation of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or sulfur oxides for subsequent detection. The oxidation devices of the present invention allow for the injection of larger samples or, the introduction of a greater amount of sample per unit of time which results in a larger amount of analyte being delivered to the detector per unit of time, thereby improving detection limits and detection efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly sensitive and practical method for the determination of and the separation of 5-hydroxycreatinine from a sample of bodily fluid. The method of the present invention is useful as a method for the testing of renal dysfunction, such as uremia, chronic nephritis and closure of the urinary tract, etc. A separation solvent of pH 4.1 to 4.6 is used in a high performance liquid chromatography step that is carried out using a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin, such as a styrene-divinylbenzene resin. The determination sensitivity is a concentration of only about 0.02 &mgr;M, whereby 5-hydroxycreatinine in blood of healthy persons can be determined for the first time. Moreover, only one separation solvent, such as a citrate, need be used and the cycle time for analysis is only about 14 minutes per measurement. Thus, a practitioner using one set of HPLC equipment is able to carry out about 100 determinations per day.

Abstract: Disclosed is a titration method for determining the concentration of a base developer solution to within ±0.02 mN, which involves performing steps (a) and (b) in any order: (a) weighing to ±0.001%, an amount of a solution of aqueous base developer of known approximate normality; (b) weighing to ±0.001%, an amount of an acid titrant sufficient to neutralize at least 90% of the base developer in the solution of step (a); thereafter performing steps (c)-(e) in the following order: (c) contacting the aqueous base developer solution with the acid titrant to neutralize at least 90% of the base developer in the solution, and leaving from about 1% to about 10% of the original aqueous base developer as residual non-neutralized base developer in the solution; (d) titrating the residual non-neutralized base developer in the solution with the acid titrant to the end point in an inert atmosphere, wherein the temperature of the titrant is maintained at a temperature of about 20-30° C.±0.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a microwave heated chemical process is disclosed. Time varying concentrations of some chemical substances within fumes in the microwave oven are monitored to detect concentration variations for which responses are known. Responses to the detected variations are initiated to control the chemical process without terminating the process. Examples of responses include varying microwave radiation energy, initiating safety systems, increased venting of the microwave oven, and so forth.

Abstract: A gas sensor for use in monitoring gases such as H2S, NO2 or SO2 comprises a film or layer of non-protonated polyaniline as the gas sensing material.

Abstract: A test reagent composition and device are provided for determination of cyanuric acid in water, said composition including melamine, a pH indicator that changes color due to the reaction of melamine with the cyanuric acid in the water, and a stabilizing compound capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the melamine but which does not compete with the cyanuric acid.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and composition to increase bone strength in a manner that decreases fracture incidence, which may or may not include increasing bone mineral density (“BMD”). The invention includes administering an effective amount of a bisphosphonate to a host in need thereof to increase bone strength, which inhibits the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, without a significant effect on osteoclasts. In one embodiment, the bisphosphonate is not 1-amino-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-propyliden-1,1-bisphosphonic acid or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt. An increase in osteoblast life span can lead to an increase in bone mass, i.e., an anabolic effect. Preservation of osteocyte life span can increase bone strength, which may be disproportional to the increase in bone mass.

Abstract: Methods and kits for determine arginine compounds are discussed. The methods and kits of the invention can be used for the diagnosis of arginine compound associated disorders.

Abstract: A film-type vaporizer in a vaporization enclosure, for example the upper column of a double air-distillation column, is associated with a measurement and analysis box where a polished surface and a spillway reconstruct the flow of liquid in the vaporizer in order to check for the absence of the deposition of impurities in the liquid that is to be evaporated. If deposition occurs, the impurities involved are quantified and analyzed and appropriate action taken on the settings of the machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for detecting antifreezing substances in a hermetic compressor.

Abstract: In view of the situation of the prior art, the present invention specifies the structure of a late-stage product of Mailard reaction in vivo having a close relation with various tissue disorders, and provides a diagnostic reagent for complications associated with diabetes or renal failure, containing the above compound as a main component.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting the presence of an analyte indicative of various medical conditions, including halitosis, periodontal disease and other diseases are also disclosed.

Abstract: An article of manufacture is provided including a substrate having an oxide surface layer and a layer of a cyclodextrin derivative chemically bonded to said substrate, said layer of a cyclodextrin derivative adapted for the inclusion of selected compounds, e.g., nitro-containing organic compounds, therewith. Such an article can be a chemical microsensor capable of detecting a resultant mass change from inclusion of the nitro-containing organic compound.

Abstract: A simple screening method is provided for determining biological variations among individuals in a smoking cessation program so that a therapy regimen can be adjusted appropriately for each individual. The method includes the steps of having an individual intake a predetermined dose of nicotine, taking a saliva sample at a predetermined time subsequent to intake of the dose of nicotine, and measuring the nicotine and cotinine levels in the sample. Thereafter, a ratio is calculated which includes both the nicotine and cotinine levels as an indicator of the rate of nicotine metabolism of the individual being screened.

Abstract: An improved biologic electrode array and methods for manufacturing and using the same. In one aspect, a matrix of electrodes each coupled to a respective sample-and-hold circuit is provided. The electrodes and sample-and-hold circuits are integral and form an array within a single semiconductor chip, such that each sample-and-hold circuit may be loaded with a predefined voltage provided by a single, time-shared digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Further, all of the sample-and-hold circuits may be accessed through a multiplexer which may be scanned through some or all of the electrode locations. Each sample-and-hold circuit may comprise a capacitor and one or more transistor switches, the switch(es), when closed, providing electrical communication between the capacitor and a source line formed in the matrix.

Abstract: A substrate such as a porous tape coated with an adsorbent and impregnated with a processing solution which includes a silver salt, an organic acid such as benzenetricarboxylic acid or benzenesulfonic acid (with or without the addition of nitric acid) and a glycol is a sensitive detecting means for hydride gases and is stable upon exposure to light.

Abstract: A detection system for detecting contaminant gases includes a converter, a detector, a primary channel for delivering a target gas sample through the converter to the detector, and at least two scrubbing channels for delivering a reference gas sample through the converter to the detector. Each of the scrubbing channels includes a scrubber for removing basic nitrogen compounds from the reference gas sample, while the primary channel preferably transmits the target gas sample without scrubbing. The converter converts gaseous nitrogen compounds in the target gas sample to an indicator gas, such as nitric oxide (NO), and a control system directs the flow of a gas sample among the primary channel and the scrubbing channels. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the basic-nitrogen-compound concentration can be measured by comparing the concentration of the indicator gas detected in the reference sample with the detected indicator-gas concentration in the target sample.

Abstract: A process for extracting inorganic ionic contaminants from a front surface of a silicon wafer for chemical analysis. The wafer is placed in a container upon a support which holds the wafer in a generally level orientation and isolates the wafer to inhibit air circulation over the front surface. Air circulation can introduce contaminants to the extraction fluid, causing a false measurement of contaminants on the wafer. A layer of extraction fluid is deposited upon only the front surface of the wafer and held for a period of time so that contaminants on the front surface are extracted into the layer of fluid. A portion of the layer of fluid is collected by a sampling device for subsequent analysis.