Abstract: An automatic analysis system comprising analytical equipment and a host computer connected to the analytical equipment. The host computer assigns identification numbers to pieces of analysis information, respectively, further assigns identification numbers to the pieces of analysis information respectively, to relate the pieces of analysis information to each other, groups a predetermined number of the pieces of analysis information to form pieces of group information, assigns identification numbers to the pieces of group information, respectively, further groups a predetermined number of the pieces of group information to form pieces of group information, and then assigns identification numbers to the pieces of group information, respectively. A storage device is provided for storing the pieces of analysis information and group information to which the identification numbers are given by the host computer.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing between carbohydrates or glycoconjugates in a mixture thereof, wherein the or each carbohydrate or glycoconjugate is a hydrophilic fluorescently-labelled saccharide molecule, wherein the label is a --NR--Ph--CO-- group, wherein R is selected from H and substituents, and Ph is phenylene.

Abstract: A method for detecting naphthylamines which are present as tracers in mineral oils, wherein the naphthylamine is extracted by treating the mineral oil with an aqueous medium, and is coupled in the aqueous phase with a diazonium salt to form an azo dye, the use of specific naphthylamines as tracers in mineral oils and mineral oils containing these specific naphthylamines.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the concentration of additives in boiler water systems, by which polymeric additives are utilized to monitor and treat boiler water systems.

Abstract: The present invention features an adduct protection assay involving the use of a labelled binding partner and a signal altering ligand. The signal altering ligand can preferentially alter the ability of label which is not part of a binding partner:analyte complex to produce a detectable signal, compared to its ability to alter signal produced from label which is part of a binding partner:analyte complex. The presence or amount of analyte can be determined by detecting the signal produced from unaltered label. The adduct protection assay is very versatile. For example, alteration of signal can be carried out under a wide range of conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and ionic strength), and both label alteration and signal triggering can be carried out at essentially constant temperature to achieve a high degree of sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for tagging hydrocarbons and for detecting the presence of tagged hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon mixture. The method can be utilized to tag gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, lubricating oil or crude petroleum. The hydrocarbon to be tagged is blended with a relatively small amount of a fluorescent dye. The presence of the tagged hydrocarbon is subsequently determined by exciting the dye to fluoresce at wavelengths in the higher portion of the visible spectral region or the lower portion of the near infrared spectral region.

Abstract: A method for tagging hydrocarbons and for detecting the presence of tagged hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon mixture. The method can be utilized to tag gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, lubricating oil or crude petroleum. The hydrocarbon to be tagged is blended with a relatively small amount of a fluorescent dye. The presence of the tagged hydrocarbon is subsequently determined by exciting the dye to fluoresce at wavelengths in the higher portion of the visible spectral region or the lower portion of the near infrared spectral region.

Abstract: Using a mixed sample of a plurality of phosphoric acid compounds different in chemical structure as a sample for measurement, a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained through polarization transfer between .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P is observed and signals obtained without polarization transfer are eliminated, whereby .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal spectrum of an .sup.17 O-labeled phosphoric acid is selectively observed. For this purpose, a double resonance NMR detector capable of exciting .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P at the same time is connected to an NMR spectrometer, and using a pulse train which permits observation of a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained through polarization transfer between .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P, a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the .sup.17 O-labeled phosphoric acid is observed, and signals for .sup.17 O-unlabeled .sup.31 P are eliminated.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of determining the concentration of a water soluble polymeric treating agent added to wastewater treatment system. The method comprises several steps including dosing the body of water with a predetermined concentration of a treating agent having a fluorescent tag covalently bonded to the treating agent, removing a sample of the water containing the tagged treating agent, analyzing the emissivity of the sample to measure the concentration of the treating agent in the sample and adjusting the concentration of the treating agent accordingly to fit within a predetermined concentration range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for detecting a mammal's prior exposure to radiation or radiomimetic agents. Labeled antibodies are employed to determine the quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal. The quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal is correlated to the mammal's prior exposure.

Abstract: Additives are proposed for compositions comprising radiolabelled organic compounds e.g. 32P-labelled nucleotides. Stabilizers are selected from tryptophan, para-aminobenzoate, indoleacetate and the azole group. Dyes are selected from Sulphorhodamine B, Xylene Cyanol, Azocarmine B and New Coccine. Preferred compositions contain both stabilizer and dye.

Abstract: Rare elements, which can be selected from Ni, Cu, W, Li, N, Ce, Sn, Y, Nd, Nb, Co, La, Pb, Ga, Mo, Th, Cs, Ge, Sm, Gd, Be, Pr, Se, As, Hf, Dy, U, B, Yb, Er, Ta, Br, Ho, Eu, Sb, Tb, Lu, Tl, Hg, I, Bi, Tm, Cd, Ag, In, Se, Pd, Pt, Au, He, Te, Rh, Re, Ir, Os, and Ru can be used to tag commodities, including explosive materials, with a unique tagging agent.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for identifying the source of a transported chemical shipment. The method employs either a chemical element or an organic compound with one or more atoms that are non-radioactive isotopes generally not found in nature. A small quantity of the isotopic compound is introduced into the storage vessel containing the chemical to be transported prior to shipment of the chemical. Upon arrival at its destination point, a sample of the chemical shipment is analyzed. Matching the isotopic compound found in the chemical with the isotopic compound introduced into the storage vessel prior to shipment is indicative that the shipped chemical is identical to the chemical received. Non-radioactive materials may further be employed for detecting the source of a newly introduced contaminant in a water supply. The chemical substance may be a non-radioactive isotope of the chemical shipment being transported.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the movement of a material which comprises adding to the material, as a microtrace additive, DNA molecules, sampling the resulting material after movement thereof and detecting the presence of said microtrace additive in the sample. The method is particularly suitable for use in monitoring the movement of oil shipments and the microtrace additive is selected such that it will remain in the oil phase in the event the oil is dispersed in water e.g. sea water.

Abstract: Tetraazaporphins represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## provide substances derived from organisms (e.g. antigens, antibodies, nucleotides, etc.) which have been labeled with a fluorochrome for labeling comprising the tetraazaporphin; reagents comprising any of the labeled substances which can be utilized for assay of various antigens, drugs, DNAs and the like; and analysis of the base sequence of DNA. Fluorescence analysis can be carried out using the labeled substances.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for using tracers to monitor industrial process equipment to which liquid is added and from which liquid is removed. In preferred embodiments, the methods are directed to detecting water leakage in a boiler in which an aqueous temperature control liquid is supplemented with feedwater at a known or unknown rate and is removed as blowdown, sootblower steam and steam at a known rate.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the measurement of distances between adherent particles and the surface to which the particles are adhered. The particles may be artificial such as beads or natural such as cells and are labeled with a detectable label. The surface may be a biological surface such as a cell, a membrane or a biological structure, or an artificial surface such as plastic or glass. The factor by which a signal emitted from particles adherent to the surface differs from the detected signal is directly related to a factor specific for each medium which can be calculated. Knowing this factor and the value of the amount of label detectable from the particles, the distance between the particle and the surface can be determined. Such methods can be used to monitor the degree of spreading of cells along a surface such as an extracellular matrix, to determine the physical nature of the cell surface, or to determine the nature of cell-to-cell and cell-to-ligand receptor bridges.

Abstract: Vesicular luminescent conjugates comprising liposomes coupled to molecules with biological activity, such as antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids, for use in luminescent assays, are described herein. These conjugates encapsulate hydrophilic polysubstituted aryl acridinium esters and are useful as chemiluminescent tracers in immunoassays and other binding assays.

Abstract: This invention relates to power transformers. More particularly, this invention pertains to a method and apparatus for detecting the degree of degradation of paper insulation in a transformer by determining the concentration of furaldehyde in the transformer oil. A reagent for detecting the presence of furaldehyde in transformer oil comprising: (a) a primary amine selected from the group consisting of aniline, toluidine, anisidine, aminophenol or an amine; (b) a second component having about 3 mL of about 15 to 33 (weight to volume) percent of acetic acid alone, or in combination with citric acid; from about 67 to 85 (volume) percent of a halogenated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene; about 4 (weight to volume) percent of salicylic acid; and about 1 (weight to volume) percent of an anti-oxidant; and (c) a third component having about 1.

Abstract: A method of marking a liquid and subsequently detecting that the liquid has been marked, which method comprises: adding to the liquid an additive comprising a plurality of particles in an amount no greater than 1 part weight of particles per 10.sup.6 parts weight liquid, the particles comprising signal means to aid their detection and not being visible in the liquid to the naked eye; sampling a portion of the liquid containing said additive, and detecting the presence of particles in the liquid, with the proviso that said signal means does not consist solely of a nucleic acid tag.

Abstract: Anilines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom linking them are a heterocyclic radical or R.sup.1 may furthermore be unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyl or unsubstituted or substituted amino,R.sup.3 and R.sup.7 are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cyano, nitro, acyl, acylamino, unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyl, unsubstituted or substituted carboxymethyl, unsubstituted or substituted amino, unsubstituted or substituted mercapto or unsubstituted or substituted sulfamoyl or, together with R.sup.2, are alkylene, alkenylene or phenylalkenylene,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyl, unsubstituted or substituted amino, unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl or unsubstituted or substituted sulfamoyl andR.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention provides lanthanide chelates capable of intense luminescence. The celates comprise a lanthanide chelator covalently joined to a coumarin-like or quinolone-like sensitizer. Exemplary sensitzers include 2- or 4-quinolones, 2- or 4-coumarins, or derivatives thereof e.g. carbostyril 124 (7-amino-4-methyl-2-quinolone), coumarin 120 (7-amino-4-methyl-2-coumarin), coumarin 124 (7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-coumarin), aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen, etc.The chelates form high affinity complexes with lanthanides, such as terbium or europium, through chelator groups, such as DTPA. The chelates may be coupled to a wide variety of compounds to create specific labels, probes, diagnostic and/or therapeutic reagents, etc. The chelates find particular use in resonance energy transfer between chelate-lanthanide complexes and another luminescent agent, often a fluorescent non-metal based resonance energy acceptor.

Abstract: For determining 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives which are intermediate metabolites of the Maillard reaction in body fluids such as blood, urine, serum, plasma and the like in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, .sup.13 C-labelled compounds or .sup.14 C-labelled compounds are useful as an internal standard substance. More specifically, 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein *C is .sup.13 C or .sup.14 C, X is O or N--OR wherein R is Me, Et or H, and Y is SiMe.sub.3 or SiMe.sub.2 tBu, and their production are provided. The measurement of 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives is useful in diagnosing diseases such as diabetes and diseases complicated with diabetes, including diabetic nephrosis, various renal disorders, renal insufficiency, metabolic diseases of carbohydrate and the like.

Abstract: The presence invention contemplates chromophore-containing polynucleotides having at least two donor chromophores operatively linked to the polynucleotide by linker arms, such that the chromophores are positioned by linkage along the length of the polynucleotide at a donor-donor transfer distance, and at least one fluorescing acceptor chromophore operatively linked to the polynucleotide by a linker arm, such that the fluorescing acceptor chromophore is positioned by linkage at a donor-acceptor transfer distance from at least one of the donor chromophores, to form a photonic structure for collecting photonic energy and transferring the energy to an acceptor chromophore.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for using tracers to monitor industrial process equipment to which liquid is added and from which liquid is removed. In preferred embodiments, the methods are directed to detecting water leakage in a boiler in which an aqueous temperature control liquid is supplemented with feedwater at a known or unknown rate and is removed as blowdown at a known rate. The methods include determining the blowdown removal rate, adding a tracer to the temperature control liquid at a rate that is directly proportional to the blowdown removal rate, analyzing the blowdown to determine the measured concentration of tracer contained therein, deriving an expected concentration of tracer in the blowdown, and comparing the measured and expected concentrations to detect excessive variance between them.

Abstract: A method for detecting an analyte, in an aqueous solution at a physiological pH, by reductive or oxidative/reductive electrochemical luminescence methodologies is disclosed. The method proceeds by labelling the analyte with a transition metal complex, followed by inducing the transition metal label to luminescence by application of a suitable electrical potential to a solution containing the label and the analyte. The transition metal complex can be a tris-ruthenium(bipyridine) complex. A hydroxylamine and/or a halogen-containing moiety can be used to enhance both reductive and/or oxidative electrochemical luminescence of the transition metal complex. The transition metal chelate can be used as a label for the detection of picomolar concentrations of an analyte of interest, such as an analyte present in a sample of a physiological fluid.

Abstract: For isotopes decaying by capture of an inner shell electron by the nucleus, coincident emission of X-ray and gamma photons may occur. The X-ray results from the drop of an outer shell electron to fill the S shell. The gamma results from the transition of the excited daughter nucleus to a lower energy state. The invention disclosed is a Coincident Gamma and X-ray Detector (CGXD) which achieves extraordinary background rejection by a synergistic combination of coincident counting and other background suppression measures. Whereas the background registered by single gamma counters is of the order of 20-40 counts per minute, a CGXD optimized for the electron capture radioisotope I.sup.125 has a background of about one count per day.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates chromophore-containing polynucleotides having at least two donor chromophores operatively linked to the polynucleotide by linker arms, such that the chromophores are positioned by linkage along the length of the polynucleotide at a donor-donor transfer distance, and at least one fluorescing acceptor chromophore operatively linked to the polynucleotide by a linker arm, such that the fluorescing acceptor chromophore is positioned by linkage at a donor-acceptor transfer distance from at least one of the donor chromophores, to form a photonic structure for collecting photonic energy and transferring the energy to an acceptor chromophore, and methods using the photonic structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method employing at least one luminescent tracer compound and a luminescent compound used as an internal reference, which, when exposed to the same excitation wavelength, are capable of emitting at difference wavelengths, .lambda..sub.2 and .lambda..sub.1 respectively, either by direct luminescence or by the induction of a luminescent emission, and correcting the measurement of the luminescence emitted by the tracer compound at wavelength .lambda..sub.2 on the basis of the measurement of the luminescence emitted by the reference compound at wavelength .lambda.1.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for imparting invisible markings for identification purposes to petroleum hydrocarbons by incorporating one or more infrared fluorescing compounds therein. Certain infrared fluorophores from the classes of squaraines (derived from squaric acid), phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful in providing invisibly marked petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, lubricating oils, waxes, gas oil (furnace oil), diesel oil, kerosene and in particular gasoline. The near infrared fluorophores are added to the hydrocarbons at extremely low levels and are detected by exposing the marked hydrocarbon compositions to near infrared radiation having a wavelength in the 670-850 nm range and then detecting the emitted fluorescent light via near infrared light detection means.

Abstract: A method and composition for indicating the presence of a chrome-free pretreatment for improving the paint adhesion and corrosion resistance of a metal surface. The presence of the pretreatment is indicated by adding a compound to the chrome-free pretreatment which causes the pretreatment to fluoresce under an ultraviolet light. The additive which causes the pretreatment to fluoresce under an ultraviolet light is an ultraviolet tracer, such as a stilbene or a coumarin derivative, and the method according to this invention includes exposing the coated metal to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A bentiromide test for evaluation of pancreatic function is provided which includes the steps of administering a stable, non-radioactive isotope of PABA along with the bentiromide and measuring the natural PABA and PABA isotope by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). In a preferred embodiment, xylose is also administered and measured in the sample by GC/MS.

Abstract: The cleanliness of water-rinsed surfaces originally carrying hazardous compositions is determined by using a surface active agent as a marker in said material prior to placing the composition into contact with the surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the determination of a physiological abnormality in a human or animal subject, which method includes determining ion flux across the membrane of epithelial cells taken from the subject, wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of check epithelial (buccal mucosal) cells, skin dermal epithelial cells and bladder epithelial cells. In one embodiment of the invention, the ion is a sodium ion, and the physiologically abnormality is hypertension or a predisposition towards hypertension.

Abstract: A handling and processing apparatus for preparing Oxygen-15 labeled water (H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O]) in injectable form for use in Positron Emission Tomography from preferably H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O] produced by irradiating a flowing gas target of nitrogen and hydrogen. The apparatus includes a collector for receiving and directing a gas containing H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O] gas and impurities, mainly ammonia (NH.sub.3) gas into sterile water to trap the H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O] and form ammonium (NH.sub.4.sup.+) in the sterile water. A device for displacing the sterile water containing H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O] and NH.sub.4.sup.+ through a cation resin removes NH.sub.4.sup.+ from the sterile water. A device for combining the sterile water containing H.sub.2 [.sup.15 O] with a saline solution produces an injectable solution. Preferably, the apparatus includes a device for delivering the solution to a syringe for injection into a patient. Also, disclosed is a method for preparing H.sub.2 [.sup.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for identifying the source of a transported chemical shipment. The method employs either a chemical element or an organic compound with one or more atoms that are non-radioactive isotopes generally not found in nature. A small quantity of the isotopic compound is introduced into the storage vessel containing the chemical to be transported prior to shipment of the chemical. Upon arrival at its destination point, a sample of the chemical shipment is analyzed. Matching the isotopic compound found in the chemical with the isotopic compound introduced into the storage vessel prior to shipment is indicative that the shipped chemical is identical to the chemical received. Non-radioactive materials may further be employed for detecting the source of a newly introduced contaminant in a water supply. The chemical substance may be a non-radioactive isotope of the chemical shipment being transported.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for purifying or manipulating bone marrow and blood cells based upon P-glycoprotein expression. The methods rely upon immunopurification procedures or upon differential accumulation of materials subject to P-glycoprotein mediated efflux.

Abstract: Methods of assaying for the presence or amount of a metal ion in a sample suspected of containing such ions. In one aspect, an enzyme amplified sandwich assay is provided which relies upon the ability of the analyte (metal ion) to form a complex with two complexing agents (chelators). In this assay, the first sandwich chelator is immobilized on a solid support, while the second sandwich chelator is linked to a reporter group (e.g., an enzyme). This assay combines the specific recognition of the analyte by the first and second sandwich chelators with the great signal amplification offered by the reporter group (e.g., enzyme). In another aspect, a competitive assay is provided that relies on the competitive inhibition of complex formation between the coating ligand (i.e., the chelator attached to the solid support) and the organometallic compound attached to the reporter group (e.g., enzyme) by the metal ions of interest present in the sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for tagging and tracing materials using nucleic acids as taggants. The process of tagging involves altering a substance in a manner that allows for the subsequent identification of the substance by detecting the alteration. The alteration disclosed herein involves nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention has multiple aspects that include an intermediate composition (i.e., a marked stock calibrator solution) for preparing diluted calibrator solutions that are marked in proportion to the amount of calibrator contained therein; a diluted (i.e., working) calibrator solution made therefrom, a series of diluted calibrator solutions that are visually colored in proportion to the concentration of calibrator therein; a method for performing a diagnostic assay that employs a series of marked calibrator solutions; a method for confirming that a stock solution of calibrator has been diluted correctly; and a method for indirectly confirming the concentration of calibrator in a working calibrator solution.

Abstract: A concentration-fluctuation responsive regulation of water treatment agent feed is achieved by adding an incipient to a sample whereby a concentration indicator is formed. Such a concentration indicator comprises a combination of the incipient reagent and a substantially nonfluorescent water treatment agent. The concentration indicator is then monitored by fluorescence analysis of the sample to determine at least one fluorescence emission value that can be correlated to an in-system concentration of the water treatment agent. The fluorescence emission value measured in then correlated to the in-system concentration of the water treatment agent.

Abstract: This invention is a method for measuring the ability of a human to absorb cholesterol. The method uses two different cholesterol tracers, the first injected into the blood stream and the second ingested by the human subject. After a waiting period a blood sample is taken from the human subject and analyzed to determine percent cholesterol absorption based on the actual amounts of the two naturally occurring, metabolically stable cholesterol tracers in the blood. The method of this invention is useful in identifying human subjects as high cholesterol absorbers and thereafter administering therapeutic agents to the subject that inhibit the absorption of cholesterol.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the dosage of a polyelectrolyte treating agent in a water treatment process using a fluorescent material having the opposite electrical charge as a polyelectrolyte treating agent used to treat water in a water treatment process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring the contribution of one or more exogenously administered .sup.13 C-labeled substrates to acetyl-CoA. The measurement can be made in a tissue or cell using .sup.13 C NMR without the constraint of metabolic or isotopic steady-state. Furthermore, the method permits the determination even when spectral lines are broad due to B.sub.0 inhomogeneity, thereby opening the way for substrate utilization studies in vivo. The method does not require many of the simplifying assumptions involved in .sup.11 C or .sup.14 C methods, and, since a stable isotope, .sup.13 C, is used a wide variety of compounds with complex labeling patterns may be synthesized and studied.

Abstract: A method of tagging and detecting illicit drugs or paper currency is disclosed which comprises the steps of:(a) applying a Perfluorocarbon Tracer (PFT) to the drugs or currency such that said PFT is released over a period of time as a vapor taggant; and(b) subsequently detecting the presence of said vapor taggant, and therefore the drugs or currency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for detecting the multidrug resistance phenotype in vivo and in vitro. The invention particularly relates to methods of diagnosing the multidrug resistance phenotype by imaging, particularly scintigraphic imaging, in solid tumors in vivo or in tumors and biopsies in vitro. The methods of the present invention allow the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tumor and other multidrug-resistant phenotypes without invasive surgical methods.

Abstract: A safe analytical technique for determining the concentration amount of dibutyl and monobutyl phosphate degradation products in the TBP-dodecane solvent used in solvent extraction processes. This method of chemical analysis eliminates the use of diazomethane, which is toxic and explosive, thereby providing a safer laboratory technique for routine analyses required to monitor production solvent extraction processes. The solvent sample to be analyzed is spiked with mass labelled, deuterated dibutyl and monobutyl phosphates, which act as internal standards. After adding a silylating agent, bistrimethylsilyltrifluoracetamide, the sample is injected into a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which measures the ratio between the labelled internal standard and the naturally occurring material to obtain a quantitative result.

Abstract: Concentration of a polyelectrolyte in the water of an aqueous system is controlled by first withdrawing a sample of the water and adding a known or standard amount of a fluorochromatic reagent to the sample. Then light energy is directed into the sample whereby light energy of a selected excitation wavelength for the fluorochromatic dye is available for absorption by the fluorochromatic reagent. The intensity of light emitted about a selected emission wavelength for the fluorochromatic reagent is measured and the intensity of the emitted light is compared to a standard curve, comprising a plot of fluorescence emission intensity of the fluorochromatic reagent in the presence of a polyelectrolyte versus concentration the polyelectrolyte. The concentration of the polyelectrolyte in the sample of water is determined from the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of quantifying molecules in biological substances comprising:a. selecting a biological host in which radioisotopes are present in concentrations equal to or less than those in the ambient biosphere,b. preparing a long-lived radioisotope labeled reactive chemical specie,c. administering said chemical specie to said biological host in doses sufficiently low to avoid significant overt damage to the biological system thereof,d. allowing a period of time to elapse sufficient for dissemination and interaction of said chemical specie with said host throughout said biological system of said host,e. isolating a reacted fraction of the biological substance from said host in a manner sufficient to avoid contamination of said substance from extraneous sources,f. converting said fraction of biological substance by suitable means to a material which efficiently produces charged ions in at least one of several possible ion sources without introduction of significant isotopic fractionation, and,g.

Abstract: Apparatus for studying the interaction of first and second molecules in a test solution containing fluorescently labeled molecules in addition to the first and second molecules, with the first molecules and the fluorescently labeled molecules being capable of binding with the second molecules. The apparatus comprises a flow channel having opposite, spaced apart walls, with at least one of the walls or a portion thereof being translucent or transparent. A porous matrix is retained in a fixed position between the walls of the flow channel and in direct contact with a translucent or transparent portion of the walls of the flow channel. A test solution flows through the flow channel and around the porous matrix so as to be in contact with the porous matrix.