Abstract: A method is provided for producing a visual image of ions in a thin frozen tissue sample by placing the tissue sample in contact with a thin membrane having a water soluble gel or hydrophobic plastic thin film which has incorporated in or placed on its surface a fluorescent or color ion indicator which fluoresces or changes color under light of a particular wavelength. The thin frozen tissue sample is then subjected to light having a wavelength to cause the ion indicator to fluoresce or change color.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorescent conjugate comprising a biological reagent, a fluorescent molecule, and a means for impeding phototoxic degradation of the biological reagent. The impeding means can be a cross-linking substance having a long molecular distance, whereby the cross-linking substance links the fluorescent molecule and the biological reagent; a quencher of singlet oxygen; a quencher of a free radical; or a combination thereof. Also disclosed is a solution comprising a fluorescent conjugate of a biological reagent and a fluorescent molecule together with an oxygen depleting system.

Abstract: A method for detecting and quantifying analytes such as chemical additives in metal plating bath solutions is provided. Molecular tags are incorporated into the chemical structure of the analytes of interest to affect the spectral properties of the resulting analyte-tag complexes such that they are more readily detectable in the plating bath solution by absorbance, fluorescence, or Raman spectroscopic methods.

Abstract: A breath test and kit for performing the breath test are described for the diagnosis of diabetic indications and monitoring of glycemic control. The breath test utilizes the measurement of expired 13C-labeled CO2 following the ingestion of a 13C-enriched glucose source.

Abstract: Sensors and/or taggants feature high optical gain materials which are disposed in a high scattering environment. These materials, when adequately excited, emit intense and spectrally narrow light that is dependent on the chemical environment in which high gain materials are dispersed. When two materials are placed in the same high scattering environment, the spectal emission properties of each emitter will depend on the chemical composition of the surrounding medium. The switching or transferring of energy from one emitter to the other when the chemical environment is changed in a specific manner is enabled and a shift in the spectral emissions can be detected and/or predicted.

Abstract: A method of providing a detectable marker in a fluid. The method comprises disposing in said fluid a marker composition 10 comprising a matrix material 12 having a detectable marker substance 14 incorporated therein, the matrix material 12 serving to release the marker substance 14 into the fluid over time.

Abstract: A process for marking a textile product by means of an invisible substance whose presence in the textile product is detectable by conventional detection methods of analytical chemistry, wherein the substance for marking the textile product is so selected as to be suitable for extraction from the textile product and detection through application of an absorbent probe.

Abstract: A method for marking or tagging individual microparticles using a near infrared fluorophore for identification is provided. The near infrared fluorophore is included with one or more layers comprising the microparticle. Desirably, the coating layers contain colorants such as dyes and/or pigments which increases the total possible combinations that may be used to identify the marked material. There is further provided a method for marking a material using these microparticles containing a near infrared fluorophore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of inorganic nanoparticles capable of fluorescence, wherein the nanoparticles consist of a host material that comprises at least one dopant. The synthesis of the invention in organic solvents allows to gain a considerably higher yield compared to the prior art synthesis in water. All kinds of objects can advantageously be marked and reliably authenticated by using an automated method on the basis of a characteristic emission. Further, the size distribution of the prepared nanoparticles is narrower which renders a subsequent size-selected separation process superfluous.

Abstract: Metal nanoparticles associated with a spectroscopy-active analyte and surrounded by an encapsulant are useful as sensitive optical tags detectable by surface-enhanced spectroscopy.

Abstract: Methods for detecting pregnancy in a woman comprise screening a biological sample of the woman for pregnancy markers. The methods of the invention include chemiluminescent assays for the pregnancy markers. The methods of the invention also comprise utilizing at least two capture antibodies that specifically bind different epitopes of the pregnancy marker in one assay. The methods of the invention permit detection of pregnancy within about 7 days after ovulation or implantation.

Abstract: An OBD system is provided for monitoring an ozone depletion system that includes a catalyst coating containing MnO2 applied to a heat exchange surface on a moving vehicle over which atmospheric air passes. A physical characteristic of the catalyst coating or a material containing a physical characteristic within the catalyst coating is sensed to determine the presence or absence of the catalyst coating for detecting catastrophic failure of the ozone depleting system and/or degradation or wear of the catalyst coating to ascertain the efficiency of the catalyst coating.

Abstract: Designs and methods of manufacture are disclosed for a fluid detecting device. The fluid detecting device includes a colorant or dye used as the fluid indicator. When the dye comes into contact with the fluid, the reaction between the dye and the fluid is used to evaluate or detect the presence of fluid in the device. The reaction of the dye with the fluid may be detected using visualization, nephelometry, spectrophotometry, infrared detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or other techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for recognition and in particular quantification of a medium fraction in a translucent solution, in particular in a motor fuel. According to the invention, a process is proposed for recognition of the concentration of a fluorescent substance, in particular a marker, in a fluid to be examined in which a sample has been introduced into an examination space, in connection with an exposure step the examination space is trans-illuminated by a beam of light such that in the examination space one fluid segment interspersed by a beam of light and one fluid segment not interspersed by a beam of light are formed.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for tagging bulk agricultural products for identity preservation are provided. The tagging agents are typically dissolved and/or dispersed in a carrier and applied to a bulk agricultural product in an amount sufficient to allow detection from a randomly drawn sample of the bulk agricultural product. The presence or absence of the tagging agent in a sample of a bulk agricultural product can be detected using a wide variety of analytical methods. The tagging agent may be detected directly while still on surfaces of bulk agricultural product or may be detected indirectly by analyzing a sample of vapor in contact with the bulk agricultural product or a solution generated by washing a sample of the bulk agricultural product with a solvent.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula I is used as a marker for organic products, wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene group; R1 represents a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group of the formula C(O)R4 where R4 is a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a group of atoms that combine with Ar2 or R3 to form a lactone ring.

Abstract: The method of the invention provides novel compounds, termed acid-labile isotope-coded extractants (ALICE), for quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of protein mixtures. The compounds contain a thiol-reactive group that is used to capture cysteine-containing peptides from all peptide mixtures, an acid-labile linker, and a non-biological polymer. One of the two acid-labile linkers is isotopically labeled and therefore enables the direct quantitation of peptides/proteins through mass spectrometric analysis. Because no functional proteins are required to capture peptides, a higher percentage of organic solvent can be used to solubilize the peptides, particularly hydrophobic peptides, through the binding, washing and eluting steps, thus permitting much better recovery of peptides. Moreover, since the peptides are covalently linked to the non-biological polymer (ALICE), more stringent washing is allowed in order to completely remove non-specifically bound species.

Abstract: The instant invention involves the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectroscopy and time-of-flight detection procedures to maximize the diversity of biopolymers which are verifiable within a particular sample. The cohort of biopolymers verified within such a sample is then viewed with reference to their ability to evidence at least one particular disease state; thereby enabling a diagnostician to gain the ability to characterize either the presence or absence of said at least one disease state relative to recognition of the presence and/or the absence of said biopolymer.

Abstract: The instant invention involves the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectroscopy and time-of-flight detection procedures to maximize the diversity of biopolymers which are verifiable within a particular sample. The cohort of biopolymers verified within such a sample is then viewed with reference to their ability to evidence at least one particular disease state; thereby enabling a diagnostician to gain the ability to characterize either the presence or absence of said at least one disease state relative to recognition of the presence and/or the absence of said biopolymer.

Abstract: The instant invention involves the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectroscopy and time-of-flight detection procedures to maximize the diversity of biopolymers which are verifiable within a particular sample. The cohort of biopolymers verified within such a sample is then viewed with reference to their ability to evidence at least one particular disease state; thereby enabling a diagnostician to gain the ability to characterize either the presence or absence of said at least one disease state relative to recognition of the presence and/or the absence of said biopolymer.

Abstract: A method to determine whether the desired amount of treatment product is present in water that cut flowers are placed in, is described and claimed. The method comprises formulating the treatment product so that it contains an inert fluorescent tracer, wherein the inert fluorescent tracer is added in a known proportion to the rest of the treatment product, then using a fluorometer to detect the fluorescent signal of the fluorescent tracer. The fluorescent signal of the fluorescent tracer is used to determine the amount of fluorescent tracer present and the amount of fluorescent tracer present is then used to determine the amount of treatment product present in the water that cut flowers are placed in.

Abstract: A breath test and kit for performing the breath test are described for the diagnosis of diabetic indications and monitoring of glycemic control. The breath test utilizes the measurement of expired 13C-labeled CO2 following the ingestion of a 13C-enriched glucose source.

Abstract: Use of 13C glucose in an analytical assay to monitor glucose metabolism by measurement of labeled exhaled CO2 is provided. A breath test and kit for performing the breath test are described for the diagnosis of diabetic indications and monitoring of glycemic control. The breath test utilizes the measurement of expired 13C-labeled CO2 following the ingestion of a 13C-enriched glucose source.

Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) uses nanoscale metal particles (SERS-active particles) or surface roughness to enhance the Raman signal of Raman-active analytes contacting the surface. SERS sandwich particles contain SERS-active particles sandwiching a Raman-active substance and serve as optical tags. Preferably, the particles are rod-shaped, with each layer (SERS-active and Raman-active) formed as a distinct stripe of the particle. These freestanding particles can be derivatized with surface ligands capable of associating with analytes of interest in, for example, a biological sample. The acquired Raman spectrum of the particle encodes the identity of the ligand. Because of the simplicity and intensity of Raman spectra, highly multiplexed assays are capable using SERS particles with different Raman-active species.

Abstract: Colored indicator for measuring the distribution of hydrocarbon families contained in a mixture, a procedure for obtaining it and its uses. In the colored indicator, the colorants that are able to be eluted with the family of aromatic hydrocarbons are free of organic compounds having an affinity with oxygenated compounds containing at least 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing contrast during imaging to assess cell and nuclear morphology of a sample. A contrast agent such as acetic acid, toluidine blue, hypertonic saline, hypotonic saline, Lugol's iodine, an absorbing dye, a liposome, or a contrast agent linked to a marker are applied to a sample. The sample is analyzed with an imaging device to create image data, and the sample is diagnosed using the image data.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for determining whether or not to discard a sample of oil based on the presence of polar compounds in oil and devices to be used to determine the presence of polar compounds in oil. In a preferred embodiment, a test strip comprising an adsorbent affixed to a backing is spotted with a polar indicator. A sample of oil is positioned on a heat conducting device supporting the test strip and the oil is allowed to migrate over the adsorbent material, thereby displacing the polar indicator in an amount related to the amount of polar compounds in the oil. This displacement is correlated to the amount of polar compounds in the sample.

Abstract: A method for screening chemical compounds for electrophilic properties comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A method for marking or tagging individual microparticles using a near infrared fluorophore for identification is provided. The near infrared fluorophore is included with one or more layers comprising the microparticle. Desirably, the coating layers contain colorants such as dyes and/or pigments which increases the total possible combinations that may be used to identify the marked material. There is further provided a method for marking a material using these microparticles containing a near infrared fluorophore.

Abstract: Many of the effects of nitric oxide are mediated by the direct modification of cysteine residues resulting in an adduct called a nitrosothiol. A method to detect proteins which contain nitrosothiols involves several steps. Nitrosylated cysteines are converted to tagged cysteines. Tagged proteins can then be detected, for example, by immunoblotting and/or can be purified by affinity chromatography. The method is applicable to the detection of S-nitrosylated proteins in cell lysates following in vitro S-nitrosylation, as well as to the detection of endogenous S-nitrosothiols in selected protein substrates.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting the interaction of single molecules with surface-bound reagents are disclosed. The methods utilize synchronized techniques for controlling the interaction between labeled molecules in a flowing solution with reagents supported on a surface, and incorporate optical detection techniques such as fluorescence measurements. One application of the disclosed methods and devices is the detection of chemical reactions in which the nucleobases of labeled NTP molecules become incorporated into the DNA of a surface-bound enzyme-DNA complex with release of the labels.

Abstract: In a process for the quantitative optical analysis of fluorescently labelled biological cells 5, a cell layer on a transparent support at the bottom 2 of a reaction vessel 1 is in contact with a solution 3 containing the fluorescent dye 4. The sensitivity of analytical detection can be considerably improved if to the fluorescent dye 4 already present in addition a masking dye 9, which absorbs the excitation light 6 for the fluorescent dye 4 and/or its emission light 7, is added to the solution 3 and/or if a separating layer 10 permeable to the solution and absorbing and/or reflecting the excitation light 6 or the emission light 7 is applied to the cell layer at the bottom 2. The separating layer 10 must be composed such that it has a high power of reflection for the luminescent light 11.

Abstract: A paperless system for identifying and controlling biomedical specimens and managing essential information associated with such specimens. The invention provides a diagnostic or toxicology specimen container having an electronic memory tag for remote non-contact recording and reading of data stored therein. The invention also provides improved methods for controlling the identity of such specimens, coordinating the relay of such specimens between remote specimen collection sites and reference laboratories, and managing essential information associated with such specimens by using the electronic memory tags.

Abstract: A test piece having plural types of probes, an analysis method using the test piece and an analysis system used for the method effectively prevent incorrect association between one set of information concerning detected positions of the probes to which a target substance has bound and the other set of information concerning types and positions of all probes arranged and fixed on the test piece. As management information itself peculiar to the test piece or ID information indicating the content of the management information has been attached to a predetermined location on the test piece, the information concerning the detected positions of the probes to which the target substance has bound may be associated correctly with corresponding management information by detecting the management information or the ID information attached on the test piece concurrently with the positions of the probes to which the target substance has bound.

Abstract: A method of measuring the movement of solid particles and particle interactions in a flowing system includes the step of providing two gamma cameras set up at right angles to each other to periodically record the position of a radioactively tagged particle in the flowing system. Probability distribution functions, particle positions, particle velocities, amongst other useful information, may be determined from the camera data.

Abstract: A method of identifying interface residues in a biomolecular complex are identified by selecting one molecule with residues to be identified, and the nonexchangeable hydrogens (protons) and not less than 70% of exchangeable hydrogens (protons) in the one molecule are exchanged to deuteriums, followed by positional identification of the exchangeable hydrogens (protons) which are located on this molecule within 10 angstrom (Å) from hydrogen (s) (proton(s)) in a neighboring biomolecule in the complex and are cross-saturated by cross-saturation phenomena through the interface in the complex. Using the inventive method, the contact interfaces of biomolecular complex such as protein-protein complexes can be identified more accurately and easily than traditional methods.

Abstract: Use of 13C glucose in an analytical assay to monitor glucose metabolism by measurement of labeled exhaled CO2 is provided. A breath test and kit for performing the breath test are described for the diagnosis of diabetic indications and monitoring of glycemic control. The breath test utilizes the measurement of expired 13C-labeled CO2 following the ingestion of a 13C-enriched glucose source.

Abstract: A microarray scanning system for conducting experiments on a planar substrate includes an apparatus for translating the secured substrate in two axes, the substrate having at least one fiducial mark on the planar substrate as a means for positioning and aligning the substrate for subsequent spot placement, analysis, or comparison procedures. The at least one fiducial mark is deposited at a predetermined position relative to the at least one location of a corresponding microarray of test spots or samples.

Abstract: Fluorescent compounds of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are either both SO3M, or one of R1 and R2 is SO3M and the other is COOM, where M is selected from the group consisting of H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Li or ammonium, are described and claimed. These inert flurorescent compounds have been found to be resistant to oxidizing biocides. One process for making these compounds is described and claimed as the condensation between a 1,8-naphthalic anhydride possessing the desired functionalities and the appropriately substituted o-phenylene diamine. Alternatively, o-amino-nitro-aromatics may be condensed with the various 1,8-naphthalic anhydrides when the in situ reduction of the nitro group is accomplished with a suitable reducing agent such as iron powder. The resulting fluorescent compounds can be used as inert fluorescent tracers in industrial water systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of coding and identifying individual members of a chemical combinatorial library synthesized on a plurality of solid supports which undergo mix and split synthesis. The process provides for tagging the solid supports with a coding identifier that is attached to the solid support and which can be decoded by infrared or raman spectroscopy when directly attached to the support.

Abstract: This invention describes methods and kits for determining instrument linearity of a flow cytometer and is particularly useful as a control particle for use in conjunction with absolute cell counting methods. The particle used in the practice of this invention comprises a small fluorescent bead.

Abstract: A biphase immunoassay method is provided in which a water immiscible liquid is qualitatively or quantitatively measured by mixing a sample of the water immiscible liquid with an aqueous solution containing a specific binding partner of the analyte. Binding occurs at or across the interface between the respective liquids and the degree of association of the analyte with its binding partner is dependent upon the concentration ratio rather than absolute quantities. The degree of association may be determined and used to determine the presence and/or concentration of analyte in the sample.

Abstract: The method of analyzing polyphenols and bisphenols in accordance with the present invention comprises a step of reacting a bisphenol and/or a polyphenol with a labeling reagent having a pyrene group, so as to generate a fluorescent derivative; a step of irradiating the fluorescent derivative with excitation light and detecting fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent derivative; and a step of calculating an amount of the bisphenol and/or polyphenol in a test sample according to an intensity of thus detected fluorescence and a relationship between a known concentration of a bisphenol and/or a polyphenol contained in a standard sample and fluorescence intensity.

Abstract: A process of using a non-radioactive tracer in the monitoring of the flow of a traced fluid is disclosed. The process includes injecting a tracer containing fluid at a first point and analyzing at least one sample from a second point in the flow of the fluid for the tracer compound. In one embodiment heavy oil is traced with a long chain hydrocarbon having a primary chain of more than 25 carbon atoms, the compound preferably being a saturated hydrocarbon. Exemplary tracer compounds include pentacosane (C25H52); hexacosane (C26H54), heptacosane (C27H56), octacosane(C28H58), nonacosane(C29H60), triacontane(C30H62), hentriacontane(C3lH64), dotriacontane(C32H66), tritriacontane (C33H68), tetratriacontane (C34H70) and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the analysis of a gaseous component or of a component that can be transformed into gaseous form (23) of a sample (5) which provides that the sample (5) is filled into a sample receptacle (2) through a receptacle opening (4), and an analysis receptacle (7), which was previously supplied with a tracer reagent, is then by way of its receptacle opening (4) connected with the receptacle opening (4) of sample receptacle (2) via an adapter (10), after which step the component (23) is expelled from the sample receptacle (2) and into the analysis receptacle (7) wherein the analysis receptacle (7) is connected with the outside atmosphere in such a manner that a pressure compensation can take place.

Abstract: Simple equations that relate glucose, glutamate, glucuronate, and phenylacetylglutamine 13C NMR multiplet areas to gluconeogenesis and pyruvate recycling during metabolism of [1,2,3-13C3]propionate are presented. This indicates that a direct measure of gluconeogenesis, pyruvate recycling, and anaplerosis may be obtained from a single 13C NMR spectrum of suitably prepared blood or urine samples collected after oral administration of enriched propionate, acetaminophen, and phenylacetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of marking liquids using at least two markers, wherein said markers absorb in the 600-1200 nm region of the spectrum and reemit fluorescent light and the absorption range of at least one marker overlaps with the absorption range of at least one other marker. The present invention further relates to a method for detecting markers in liquids marked by the method of the invention, which comprises using light sources which emit radiation in the absorption ranges of said markers and detecting the fluorescent light reemitted by said markers, at least one of said light sources emitting radiation in the overlapping absorption range of at least one marker with that of at least one other marker and the number of light sources being less than or equal to the number of markers. The present invention further relates to liquids marked by the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the hydrocarbon and water production from different production zones/sections in a hydrocarbon reservoir and/or injection wells and detection of different phenomena such as e.g. local variations in pH, salinity, hydrocarbon composition, temperature, pressure, microorganisms, and the difference between production of formation and/or injection water from various zones/sections. The method comprising dividing regions around wells in the reservoir into a number of zones/sections, and injecting or placing specific tracers with unique characteristics for each zone/section into the formation in these regions such that tracers are placed as integrated parts of the well completion or placed and immobilized in these regions through injection, squeeze or by other techniques. The tracers can also be immobilized or placed on a filter, a casing or constructions surrounding the well in each zone/section.

Abstract: This invention relates to a reagent and use of that reagent for detecting adulterants in aqueous samples, particularly in biological specimens such as urine samples using a diazo dye precursor such as N,N diethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine and a reagent such as creatinine to stabilize a colored intermediate formed by the reaction of the diamine with nitrite ions for a period sufficient to allow that color to be recorded and compared with a separate peak formed by a halogen-based oxidizing agent which may be present in solution.

Abstract: Two or more dyes or markers, including a dye or marker having an absorbance peak in the 400 to 500 nm range and including a dye or marker having an absorbance peak in the 560 to 700 nm range are mixed together in appropriate ratios so when added to a liquid, such as a petroleum fuel, at combined levels of from 5 to 100 ppm, the colors of the dyes and/or markers cancel each other such that a “water-white” liquid still appears “water-white”.