Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: A system may include a means for administering a therapeutic agent to a subject; a means for administering a first pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant to the subject at least substantially concurrent with the therapeutic agent, the first pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant having a pharmacokinetic profile; and a means for administering a second pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant to the subject with the first pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant, the second pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant having a pharmacokinetic profile different from the pharmacokinetic profile of the first pharmaceutically-acceptable taggant.

Abstract: Methods using chemiluminescent label compounds and chemiluminescent labeled conjugates are provided. The compounds comprise an acridan ring bearing an exocyclic ketene dithioacetal group and further contain a labeling substituent which permits attachment to compounds of interest. The novel chemiluminescent compounds and labeled conjugates are convenient to prepare, are highly stable, and generate chemiluminescence rapidly on demand. The compounds and conjugates are useful in assays of an analyte in a sample and in assays employing labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: The invention concerns an internal standard used to quantitative analysis of the risk of humoral (i.e. vascular) transplant rejection. The internal standard consists of a stable composition of the C4d complement bound to a carrier consisting of erythrocytes or microparticles. The invention also concerns a method for analyzing in vitro the risk of humoral organ transplant rejection, which consists in determining the amount of component of C4d component fixed on the erythrocytes contained in a blood sample from a patient.

Abstract: A molecule identification and quantitation method is provided wherein a mass tag is conjugated to an analyte and the signature ion of the mass tag remains attached to the analyte after tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS-MS or MS2). Rather than losing the signature ion, a mass-balance part of the structure can be lost as a charge neutral group under tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation. The signature ion can be used for quantitation and, upon further fragmentation, can also provide ion-signals characteristic of the analyte and useful in identifying the analyte. In some embodiments, the ion-signals generated from a third mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS3) can be compared with a known mass spectrum, for example, from a look-up table, from a library, or from a database, to provide an unambiguous identification of the analyte.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that utilize measured isotopic abundance data to correlate a product to the synthesis process by which it was made. By utilizing the principles described herein, isotopic process profiles for synthetic products can be constructed, products of unknown origin can be inferentially identified to the processes by which they were made, and synthesis processes can be monitored for consistency of process parameters.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for generating toxicology reports. Using the methods and apparatus disclosed herein, physicians can more easily understand toxicological lab test results. Physicians receive a toxicology report that explains, in plain language, the toxicological lab test results. A rules engine provides rules for interpreting the toxicological lab test results. Detailed explanations are associated with the rules, and the explanations appear on the toxicology report. The toxicology report greatly reduces the need for the physician to call the toxicology scientist.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that include a multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex for identifying a target biomolecule. A sensor biomolecule, for example, an antibody can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. Additionally, a signaling chromophore can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. The arrangement is such that the signaling chromophore is capable of receiving energy from the multichromophore upon excitation of the multichromophore. Since the sensor biomolecule is capable of interacting with the target biomolecule, the multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex can provide enhanced detection signals for a target biomolecule.

Abstract: The effectiveness of an oxidative sterilization process is determined by exposing a known amount of a primary amine or aldehyde indicator chemical to an oxidative germicide. The oxidative germicide reacts with the indicator chemical. The amount of indicator chemical remaining after exposure to the germicide is determined by reacting the indicator chemical with a dye precursor chemical to form a colored product. The amount of indicator chemical remaining is determined from the intensity of the color of the colored product. The amount of indicator chemical remaining on the substrate is a measure of the effectiveness of the germicidal treatment. The dye precursor is an aldehyde when the indicator chemical is a primary amine and a primary amine when the indicator chemical is an aldehyde. An integrator for determining the effectiveness of the germicidal process includes an indicator chemical, where the indicator chemical is a primary amine or an aldehyde.

Abstract: Use of busulfan amide as stabilized standards in immunoassays for quantifying the amount of busulfan in samples of human biological fluids, methods for carrying out said immunoassay and kits for use in said immunoassay.

Abstract: The present invention relates in one aspect to a method for determining the cell culture history of a cell unit labelled with more than one type of tag comprising the steps of: (a) measuring one or more parameters of each tag that is used to label the cell unit; (b) identifying each tag in the cell unit; and (c) correlating the identity of each tag to the identity of the cell unit and/or the specific cell culture conditions to which the cell unit has been exposed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an approach for the simultaneous determination of the activation states of a plurality of proteins in single cells. This approach permits the rapid detection of heterogeneity in a complex cell population based on activation states, and the identification of cellular subsets that exhibit correlated changes in activation within the cell population. Moreover, this approach allows the correlation of cellular activities or properties. In addition, the use of potentiators of cellular activation allows for characterization of such pathways and cell populations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a labeling reagent of formula: in which: R1 represents at least one detectable label, L and A are each a linker arm, n is an integer equal to 1, and u is an integer between 0 and 2. The present invention also describes a method of synthesizing said markers and also applications for the labeling of biological molecules, more particularly nucleic acids, with a labeling reagent bearing diazo and nitro functions. The invention is particularly suitable for use in the diagnostics field.

Abstract: Isobaric reagents for labeling analytes are provided. The isobaric reagents have facile design and synthesis that allows for differential labeling of an unlimited number of analyte samples.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a convenient and low-cost method for detection of a wide variety of compounds interacting with a target molecule located on a cell membrane, using a living cell without need of separating the cell membrane or the like from the cell. The present invention also aims to provide a kit for carrying out the method of the present invention. The method for detection of the compound interacting with the molecule located on the cell membrane in the present invention comprises steps of, allowing a compound having a moiety capable of binding selectively to the molecule located on the cell membrane and a radicalization-promoting moiety, to act on the cell; further allowing a compound having a group capable of being radicalized by the radicalization-promoting moiety and a labeling group, to act on the cell; and identifying the interacting compound bound by the compound radicalized by the radicalization-promoting moiety.

Abstract: A method and means for identifying the authenticity and the genuine nature of a solid or liquid bulk material, by incorporating a marking composition containing at least one trace ion into the said bulk material, whereby the total concentration of the incorporated trace ions in the market bulk material is chosen to be lower than the corresponding concentration of the same ions in standard sea water. The authenticity and the genuine nature or the adulteration level of the marked bulk material can be tested in-the-field using electrochemical sensors, and confirmed in the laboratory using a method such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, ion chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A system and method for measurement of radioactivity concentration of a radiopharmaceutical are disclosed. The radiopharmaceutical may be a radioactive tracer solution including a tracer solution and a buffer solution. The system may include a vial that receives the tracer solution and the buffer solution; a scale; a radioactivity measuring device; and a controller that determines the radioactive concentration based on a measured radioactivity of the tracer solution and the buffer solution in the vial, and a weight of the tracer solution and the buffer solution in the vial. The method may include the steps of (1) transferring the tracer solution into a vial; (2) measuring a radioactivity of the tracer solution in the vial; (3) determining a weight necessary to achieve a desired radioactivity concentration; and (4) diluting the tracer solution in the vial to the determined weight with a buffer solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to using a marker in a functional fluid, which survives the use of the functional fluid in an application, with a reagent solution to identify the functional fluid rapidly either before, during or after the functional fluid's use and which is a suitable method for identifying a functional fluid in the field, and which may employ the use of test wipe, or medium, that contains the reagent solution.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: A composition containing a petroleum hydrocarbon, a biodiesel fuel or an ethanol fuel, and an organic marker compound.

Abstract: Compounds having stable isotopes 13C and/or 2H were synthesized from precursor compositions having solid phase supports or affinity tags.

Abstract: A method and composition for identifying chemically tagged petroleum products can be achieved by adding one or more chemicals to a selected petroleum product wherein the chemical is immune to extraction from the petroleum product by conventional inexpensive absorbents, cannot be removed by extraction with acids, bases, or immiscible solvents, cannot be easily oxidized, reduced or reacted with common agents, is difficult to disguise by masking with other agents, has a low polarity, and has a boiling point in the range of the petroleum products the chemical is being added to. The presence of the chemical is determined by using ion mobility spectroscopy.

Abstract: In various aspects, the present teachings provide labeling reagents and sets of labeling reagents for the relative quantitation, absolute quantitation, or both, of hydroxylated compounds including, but not limited to, hydroxylated ring containing compounds, steroids and sterols. In various aspects, the present teachings also provide methods for the analysis hydroxylated compounds including, but not limited to, hydroxylated ring containing compounds, steroids and sterols my MS/MS methods.

Abstract: One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a detection system including a chemical taggant and a detector. The chemical taggant may be a chemical not substantially present in an untagged target exhaust plume and able to be disposed in the exhaust system of a target and to enter the exhaust plume of the exhaust system in detectable quantities. The chemical taggant may have one or more distinct energy signatures, such as optical energy signatures, that allow its detection. The detector may be able to detect at least one of these one or more energy signatures of the chemical taggant in the exhaust plume. Another embodiment relates to a method of detecting a target by disposing a chemical taggant in the exhaust system of the target and then detecting the chemical taggant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for analyzing complex mixtures of proteins, both for identification and quantitation of proteins of interest, and in particular, methods of identification and quantitation of proteins present at low levels, using internal standard peptides isobarically tagged at the N and C termini.

Abstract: A method of tracing an aqueous liquid, particularly an aqueous urea used for addition to a selective catalytic reduction system to remove NOx from diesel exhaust, includes adding a tracer comprising a pre-determined amount of a phenol to the liquid. The liquid can subsequently be identified by reacting a sample with a reagent containing a predetermined amount of 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of an initiating compound such that the reaction between the reagent and a phenol in the liquid produces a chromophore and measuring the absorbance of the resulting solution of the chromophore.

Abstract: At least one of these or other problems is reduced using a building material that is uniquely identifiable. A method of making an identifiable gypsum-based building product includes selecting a tagging material occurring naturally in a component of the building material and choosing a carrier substance having a high concentration of the tagging material. By selecting an amount of the carrier substance and adding it to the building material, a building product having a unique product characteristic is created. In a second embodiment of the invention, a second tagging material is combined with the first tagging material to create a unique product. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a supplemental amount of the tagging material is added to the gypsum-based composition in addition to the carrier substance. Some tagging materials are useful in a gypsum-based composition to produce a visual confirmation of the presence of the tagging material.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for performing in vivo flow cytometry. In one embodiments, selected circulating cells of interest of a subject are labeled with fluorescent probe molecules. The labeled cells are irradiated in-vivo so as to excite the fluorescent probes, and the radiation emitted by the excited probes is detected, preferably confocally. The detected radiation is then analyzed to derive desired information, such as relative cell count, of the cells of interest. In some embodiments, the circulating cells comprise apoptotic cells whose detection can allow, e.g., non-invasive monitoring of the efficacy of a cancer treatment, such as an anti-tumor or an anti-angiogenic therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for marking at least one material comprising a non-organic matrix, characterized in that it comprises at least one step that involves incorporating in said material during the production thereof at least one compound containing at least one luminescent lanthanide in a concentration such that said compound in said material can be detected under UV radiation, wherein said compound is a co-ordination polymer in the form of a crystallite obtained by reacting at least one luminescent lanthanide ion with at least one unsaturated organic binder.

Abstract: A system for automatically testing a fluid specimen, e.g., urine, to indicate the presence of specified chemical components in the specimen. The system preferably utilizes an assaying device comprised of a collection cup and a cap which carries at least one test strip. The device includes an integrated aliquot delivery mechanism actuatable to wet the test strip with an aliquot delivered from the fluid specimen. The assaying device is configured to operate in conjunction with an electronic reader device capable of actuating the aliquot delivery mechanism and reading the reaction of the test strip. A preferred reader device defines a keyed receptacle for accommodating a complementary shaped cup housing in a particular orientation. The reader device is comprised of a camera for capturing the image of a test strip, an actuator for actuating an aliquot delivery mechanism, and a microprocessor/controller for (1) controlling the camera and actuator and (2) processing the image.

Abstract: Compositions containing a transporter component and a signaling component and a method for using said compositions for analyzing porous media and flowing liquid streams, specifically for measuring pressure, temperature, relative abundance of water, pH, redox potential and electrolyte concentration. Analytes may include petroleum or other hydrophobic media, sulfur-containing compounds. The transporter component includes an amphiphilic nanomatenal and a plurality of solubilizing groups covalently bonded to the transporter component. The signaling component includes a plurality of reporter molecules associated with the transporter component. Said reporter molecules may be releasable from the transporter component upon exposure to at least one analyte. The reporter molecules may be non-covalently associated with the transporter component, or the reporter molecules are covalently bonded to the transporter component.

Abstract: The invention relates to chemical formulations that can be used to render such chemicals easier to identify upon application to a surface. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to formulations designed to render herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, insecticides and/or phytotoxins easier to identify upon application to one or more types of vegetation. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to formulations designed to render water-soluble herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, insecticides and/or phytotoxins easier to identify upon application to one or more types of vegetation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for performing in vivo flow cytometry. In one embodiments, selected circulating cells of interest of a subject are labeled with fluorescent probe molecules. The labeled cells are irradiated in vivo so as to excite the fluorescent probes, and the radiation emitted by the excited probes is detected, preferably confocally. The detected radiation is then analyzed to derive desired information, such as relative cell count, of the cells of interest.

Abstract: A process for the quantitative optical analysis of fluorescently labeled biological cells involves contacting a cell layer on a transparent support at the bottom of a reaction vessel with a solution containing the fluorescent dye. This process can also be used for improving the sensitivity in the quantitative optical analysis of a luminescent biological cell layer. Analogously, these process principles can also be used in receptor studies for the masking of the interfering background radiation in the quantitative optical analysis of fluorescently or luminescently labelled reaction components. In this case, a receptor layer at the bottom of a reaction vessel is in contact with a solution in which a fluorescent or luminescent ligand is dissolved.

Abstract: A method for identifying a biological analyte that is affected by a stressor is disclosed in which two substantially identical biological samples are provided, with a first sample being a control sample and a second sample being an experimental sample. The control sample is grown with a nutrient having an isotope of a first atom, whereas the experimental sample is grown with a nutrient having a second isotope of the first atom. The experimental sample is grown with a stressing agent and regimen. The samples are admixed, and the formed composite is mass spectroscopically assayed for analyte peaks. The ratio of first isotope to second isotope is determined for the peaks, as is a sample median isotopic ratio. The ratio for assayed analyte peaks is compared with the median ratio. An analyte whose isotopic ratio significantly deviates from the median ratio is an analyte affected by the stressing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to identification tagging, and is specifically directed to identification tagging of ammunition. An isotopic taggant is deposited in a layer at the interface between the primer and the propellant so that, as the ammunition is fired, the taggant is dispersed throughout the propellant. The taggant is thus contained in the gunshot residue formed during the firing, and can be read by analysis of residue particles. Alternatively, the taggant may be deposited in a layer under the primer reactants, or in pellets which are easily destroyed by the chemical reactions involved in firing the ammunition, again dispersing the taggant throughout the propellant and the gunshot residue. Non-isotopic chemical taggants may also be employed if they are encoded so as to minimize the possibility of the information being destroyed or improperly read after the taggants are exposed to the chemical reactions in firing the ammunition.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that include a multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex for identifying a target biomolecule. A sensor biomolecule, for example, an antibody can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. Additionally, a signaling chromophore can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. The arrangement is such that the signaling chromophore is capable of receiving energy from the multichromophore upon excitation of the multichromophore. Since the sensor biomolecule is capable of interacting with the target biomolecule, the multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex can provide enhanced detection signals for a target biomolecule.

Abstract: System (50) for marking a fluid by a marker, the fluid flowing from a source to a destination, the system including a sensor (58) for determining a value of a fluid property and a fluid flow controller (54) for admitting a selected amount of the marker to the fluid, wherein the selected amount is determined according to the fluid value and a predetermined concentration of the marker in the fluid in the destination.

Abstract: An analytical technique for determining the structures of serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agent [123I] ADAM and its precursor, SnADAM by using a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) is provided. An analytical technique for determining the purity of SnADAM by using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is also provided.

Abstract: Various methods for altering surface characteristics of a microsphere are provided. One method includes coupling an enolic acid to the microsphere to modify the surface characteristics of the microsphere. The surface characteristics may include charge density and/or pKa. A reagent can be coupled to the microsphere via the enolic acid. The reagent may include a biomolecule. The modified surface characteristics may increase a stability of the reagent when the reagent is coupled to the microsphere. The modified surface characteristics may also improve performance of an assay carried out with the microsphere. Another embodiment relates to a microsphere that includes an enolic acid coupled to a polymer core of the microsphere such that the enolic acid modifies surface characteristics of the microsphere. A reagent can be coupled to the microsphere via the enolic acid.

Abstract: A system and method for tagging, tracking, locating and identifying people and vehicles transporting people using Perfluorocarbon tracers. An on-going problem faced by military as well as law enforcement personnel is that of friendly fire incidents. To prevent possible friendly-fire incidents, troops would separate the two layers of the uniform patch, thereby releasing a controlled release of the Perfluorocarbon vapors. Other “friendly” troops, equipped with sensors tuned to the specific perfluorocarbon characteristics would thus be able to literally view a plume around the tagged person or object. The system may conversely be used to tag enemies. Formulations of mixed perfluorocarbons may be used to provide coding of emissions.

Abstract: A method for identifying a platelet population, preferably a population of immature, reticulated platelets, in a biological sample involves incubating the biological sample for less than 5 minutes with at least one labeled, ligand (e.g., monoclonal antibody) that binds to an epitope or antigen on platelets and with a nucleic acid dye. In one embodiment, the dye is Acridine Orange and the label on the ligand is PE-Cy7. The sample is then analyzed and one or more platelet populations is rapidly identified or quantified by passing the incubated sample through a sensing region of a flow cytometer. In one embodiment, this method occurs without a washing or physical cell separation step. The incubated sample is irradiated with a laser light source, and fluorescence of the labeled ligand and the nucleic acid dye are measured along with at least one additional parameter, e.g., light scatter, direct current, axial light loss, opacity, radio frequency, and fluorescence.

Abstract: Disclosed are assays, methods, and kits for the screening of test compounds for their capability to induce cardiotoxicity in a subject. In particular, whether a test compound has the effect to prolong the Q-T interval as measured by an electrocardiogram in a human. The assays, methods, and kits disclosed herein make use of the binding interaction between novel fluorescent tracers and the hERG K+ channel, and the propensity of a test compound to influence that binding interaction.

Abstract: The preparation of vitamin D compounds of formula (I) with a label attached to a spacer group in the 3 position is disclosed. In the above formula (I), O represents the oxygen atom of an ether group; Y represents hydrogen or hydroxy; A represents a label such as biotin, digoxigenin, or another vitamin D group; R represents a substituted hydrocarbon side-group of vitamin D or a vitamin D metabolite. Also disclosed is a method of measuring 25-hydroxy vitamin D metabolite and a 1?,25-dihydroxy vitamin D metabolite in a sample.

Abstract: Phenobarbital derivatives synthesized out of the alkyl chain at the 5-position, particularly with hydrophilic properties, and carrying an active ester at the end, allow formation of aminodextran conjugates that give curves in the desired range of the assay in the ONLINE TDM microparticle assay format when matched against the Roche FPIA antibody specific for phenobarbital (“an antibody specific for phenobarbital”).

Abstract: Tagged products (including tagged petroleum products) and methods of detecting the same are disclosed. The tagged petroleum products are tagged with a violanthrone, e.g., a substituted violanthrone and/or an isoviolanthrone, e.g., a substituted isoviolanthrone.

Abstract: A taggant comprising at least one perfluorocarbon compound surrounded by a polyphosphazene compound. The polyphosphazene compound has the chemical structure: wherein G1 and G2 are pendant groups having different polarities, m is an integer greater than or equal to 100, and each of A and B is independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkene, an alkoxide, a polyether, a polythioether, a siloxane, and —X(CH2)nY1(CH2)p1Y2(CH2)p2 . . . Yi(CH2)piCH3, where n ranges from 1 to 6, X and Y are independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium, and p1 through pi range from 1 to 6. Cyclic polyphosphazene compounds lacking the A and B groups are also disclosed, as are methods of forming the taggant and of detecting an object.

Abstract: A method and means for identifying the authenticity and the genuine nature of a solid or liquid bulk material, by incorporating a marking composition containing at least one trace ion into the said bulk material, whereby the total concentration of the incorporated trace ions in the market bulk material is chosen to be lower than the corresponding concentration of the same ions in standard sea water. The authenticity and the genuine nature or the adulteration level of the marked bulk material can be tested in-the-field using electrochemical sensors, and confirmed in the laboratory using a method such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, ion chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent acridinium esters are provided which are fast light emitting and hydrolytically stable. The chemiluminescent acridinium esters are useful labels in assays for detecting or quantifying analytes.

Abstract: A method of tracking target molecules produced in a chemical reaction the method comprising providing a reaction region on a carrier, the carrier being arranged such that the target molecules react with the reaction region causing flexion of the carrier introducing the carrier to target molecules; illuminating the carrier with radiation such that radiation reflected from or transmitted through the flexed carrier forms a caustic optical feature; and measuring the position of the caustic to determine if the reaction region has reacted with the target molecules.