Abstract: The instant invention provides a library of bio-oligomers of defined size and known composition, in which the library contains all of the possible sequences of the bio-oligomers, and a method of synthesis thereof. The bio-oligomers of the library may be peptides, nucleic acids, or a combination of the foregoing. The instant invention also provides methods to identify bio-oligomers from a library that demonstrate desired characteristics such as binding, bioactivity and catalytic activity. Thus the instant invention provides a unique and powerful method to identify a useful bio-oligomer sequences from a library more quickly than current state-of-the-art technology allows. Effector molecules for use in treatment or diagnosis of disease are also provided.

Abstract: O-acylated pyridinium compounds in which the 3-hydroxy moiety derivatized specifically at its aliphatic hydroxyl group by a selected acyl group is disclosed. In various embodiments, the composition may be used as a standard for HPLC or immunoassay of pyridinoline, a pyridinoline immunogen for producing anti-pyridinoline antibodies, and a solid-phase reagent for use in an immunoassay kit. Also disclosed are methods for making and using the composition.

Abstract: A detection system for determining the quantity of amino acid in a sample stream is provided based on the reaction of a buffer at a pH level from 10 to 11, with a reagent Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.3+, which is generated electrochemically on site. The detection system is further characterized by immediate luminescence upon reaction of the buffer in the pH range containing amino acid, with the reagent Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.3+. The detection system is capable of not only immediate detection of the quantity of amino acid in a sample stream, but even in very low concentrations.

Abstract: A method for analyzing amino acids in biological liquids wherein a buffer liquid including unknown components to be analyzed is introduced to a separation column for separating amino acids. After reaction of the buffer liquid in a reactor, the amino acids are detected by a photometer. The flow rate of the buffer liquid is maintained at a predetermined value until the asparagine, glutamine acid and glutamine are separated from the separation column and the flow rate of the buffer liquid is varied stepwise or in linear gradient after separation of the above three components from the separation column.

Abstract: The invention relates to azo compounds, especially to compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl, R.sub.2 is lower alkyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, carboxy or sulfo, R.sub.4 is carboxy or sulfo, G is an unsubstituted or substituted 1,4-phenylene group or an unsubstituted or substituted 1,4-naphthylene group, and wherein either R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 together are an additional bond and L is an oxygen or sulfur atom or wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, R.sub.6 is halomethyl and L is an oxygen atom, and salts thereof, to the use of compounds I and their salts, to a process for the preparation of compounds I and their salts, to starting materials used in that preparation process, and salts thereof, to a process for the preparation of those starting materials and their salts, to a device in which the compounds I and their salts are used, and to a process in which that device is used.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for purifying and isolating a carboxyl-terminal peptide. A peptide bond between a lysine residue in a polypeptide and the adjacent amino acid residue is specifically cleaved on its carboxyl-terminal side. The resulting peptide mixture is then reacted with a solid carrier possessing on its surface functional groups capable of reacting and covalently bonding with free amino groups. Subsequently the peptide bond between the aminoterminal amino acid residue and the adjacent amino acid residue of each peptide is cleaned by acid treatment, and the peptides thus released from the solid carrier are isolated.

Abstract: Deblocking of amino terminal N-acetyl serine and N-acetyl threonine residue in proteins and peptides to allow sequencing by the Edman degradation technique is carried out by reacting blocked protein or peptide with anhydrous trifluoracetic acid for 1 to 15 minutes at 30.degree. to 60.degree. C., removing the remaining trifluoroacetic acid and maintaining reacting mixture from which trifluoroacetic acid has been removed at 30.degree. to 100.degree. C. for 60 minutes to 5 days.

Abstract: Methodology involving novel coupling reagents for the carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of peptides and proteins is described.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of making a semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate of p-type conductivity, a first semiconductor region of n.sup.+ -type conductivity selectively formed on the semiconductor substrate, a second semiconductor region of n-type conductivity formed insularly contacting on the first semiconductor region, a groove extending from a surface of the second semiconductor region spaced from the first semiconductor region to the vicinity of a surface of the first semiconductor region abutting the second semiconductor region, a conductive material charged into the groove, and a third semiconductor region of high impurity n-type conductivity disposed so as to connect a bottom of the groove with the surface of the first semiconductor region, whereby the conductive material in the groove and the third semiconductor region are used as low resistance current paths reaching from the surface of the second semiconductor region to the first semiconductor region.

Abstract: Primary amines, secondary amines and peptides are fluorometrically assayed using a fluorogenic derivatization reagent of the formula: ##STR1## where Z is an electron withdrawing group or a fused benzene ring, Y and Y', which are identical or different, are nitrogen or carbon and X is a halogen or other leaving group. The above fluorogenic reagent reacts with the primary amine, secondary amine or peptide to form a cyclic fluorescent adduct.

Abstract: A method of forming analyzable adducts in a mixture of compounds by contacting the mixture with a boron reagent having the formula of either ##STR1## where each X and Y is, independently, an alkyl group of 12 or fewer carbons or an aryl group of 6-20 carbons; or BZ.sub.3, where each Z is, independently, an alkyl group of 12 or fewer carbons, or an aryl group of 6-20 carbons.

Abstract: A method of amino acid analysis by reacting an amino acid-containing sample with o-phthalaldehyde and an N-protective group-substituted cysteine such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine under an alkaline condition to yield a fluorescent compound and measuring the intensity of fluorescence or absorbance of the resulting compound. The method is sensitive for quantitative and qualitative analysis of a secondary amino acid such as proline when it is beforehand subjected to an oxidation.

Abstract: Fluorescamine or like compounds react with the epidermis when applied to the skin and form, within about 15 to 30 minutes after application to the skin, a long-lasting reaction product, which is invisible in ordinary light but which fluoresces intensely under ultraviolet light. Such markings resist removal by abrasion and repeated washings. Organic solutions of such compounds, preferably containing a fugitive dyestuff or pigment and used as the marking fluid of a conventional felt-tipped pen, can be used to mark skin for radiological or diagnostic purposes. Inanimate objects can be coated with these compounds to detect human contact therewith.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled, general purpose gene synthesizer for programmably synthesizing selected nucleotide sequences. Depending upon a programmed chemistry, metered volumes of selected bases and reagent/solvents are sequentially metered into the bottom of a reaction cell containing solid-supported nucleotides, where desired linkages are achieved in an agitated suspension. Self-refilling syringe metering and electrically initiated, pneumatically operated valving insures economical, non-contaminated synthesis. Preprogrammed, selectable chemistries and operator programmed sequences are operatively coupled under microprocessor control to ensure a general purpose synthesizer.

Abstract: Fluorescamine or like compounds react with the epidermis when applied to the skin and form, within about 15 to 30 minutes after application to the skin, a long-lasting reaction product, which is invisible in ordinary light but which fluoresces intensely under ultraviolet light. Such markings resist removal by abrasion and repeated washings. Organic solutions of such compounds, perferably containing a fugitive dyestuff or pigment and used as the marking fluid of a conventional felt-tipped pen, can be used to mark skin for radiological or diagnostic purposes. Inanimate objects can be coated with these compounds to detect human contact therewith.

Abstract: A standard blood filter paper for use in diagnosis of histidinemia, comprising a piece of filter paper, and a blood material infiltrated in the above filter paper containing a known concentration of histidine and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of a dithionite, a disulfite and a bisulfite. The standard blood filter paper can be preserved for a long term at -20.degree. C.