Abstract: An additive composition for use in a diesel fuel formulation, comprising a cetane improver in an inclusion complex with a modified cyclodextrin of formula (I): wherein n is an integer from 6 to 20, and R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and carbonyl, provided that R1, R2 and R3 are not all hydrogen. Also provided is a diesel fuel formulation comprising the additive composition, and the use of a modified cyclodextrin (I) as a vehicle for a cetane improver in an additive composition or diesel fuel formulation.

Abstract: The cetane number of middle distillate fuels may be increased using an additive composition including a polymer that may be a homopolymer or copolymer of olefins, and the like, where the polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 200,000 to about 5,000,000. The additive composition also includes a free radical initiator component, which may be an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2-EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as t-butyl peroxide. In one non-limiting embodiment the amount of polymer in the additive composition is greater than the free radical initiator component. A solvent is also present, which the solvent may include alcohol, an alkyl substituted phenol and/or a heavy aromatic distillate.

Abstract: A non-ring, non-alkene, nitrated n-alkane base scaffold combined with at least one trioxynitrate provides a differentiated-mean combustive performance in a stabilized and sufficiently polar molecule as to be miscible, and thus serve as a high-energy-density component of a fuel additive that, when mixed with existing fuels at appropriate dilution ratios, will impart equivalent combustive efficiency to that of standardized, petroleum distillate, gasoline and diesel in various blends including aviation fuel and heating oil over the full-temperature-range of use; and a specific embodiment of this non-ring, non-alkene nitrated n-alkane base scaffold is described which, when blended with a petroleum diesel, biodiesel, or combination of B-20 standard biodiesel (80% diesel, 20% biodiesel) wherein the additive comprises less than 5% of the total mix, produces at least a 10% or greater combustive energy density as compared to the base fuel.

Abstract: Branched decyl nitrates of the formula R1R2CH—CH2—O—NO2 in which R1 is an n-propyl or isopropyl radical and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 carbon atoms are suitable as combustion improvers and/or cetane number improvers in fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of detergent additives for reducing or preventing the formation of deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines and in particular in common rail injection systems.

Abstract: A process to make water-blended fuel by emulsifying the emulsifier in a portion of the fuel, then adding the water under high shear mixing to give a concentrated water fuel emulsion. The concentrated emulsion is then diluted with final portion of fuel using mixing or blending conditions resulting in an emulsified water blend fuel.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprises a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100° F. (such as about 65-75% paraffins and about 25-35% naphthenes, or about 75-85% paraffins and about 15-25% of C7 or higher alcohols, or an aromatic solvent, or an naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent) and a cold starting additive. The cold starting additive may be provided in an amount of less than 5,000 ppm, preferably between about 1 ppm and 150 ppm. The cold starting additive is preferably selected from peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds, cetane improvers, or combinations of these compounds. When the emergency fuel is added to a cold engine, including one substantially at room temperature, the engine may be easily started.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a continuous process. Further, the continuous process employs at least two emulsification devices, in series, to produce an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel containing aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of less than 1.0 microns.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a batch or continuous process. The process employs a reactant emulsion as a starting component with a hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifier and water. The resulting aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion has improved stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel crosslinked emulsifier is employed to produce a stable aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing hydrocarbon fuels in the gasoline boiling range and organic nitrogen-containing compounds selected from organic nitrates and/or organic nitro compounds. The fuel compositions exhibit improved ignition properties, including reduced emissions and reduced misfires.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate package comprising a detergent/dispersant, an organic nitrate combustion improver, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising dimer and/or trimer acid is provided enhanced shelf life stability by treating the concentrate with a shelf life stability amount, for example 1,500 and 10,000 ppm, respectively of acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid/hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive to hydrocarbon fuels which includes nitrate of ethanolamine as an additive to reduce the quantity of smoke and improve the efficiency of combustion. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this additive and of the fuels improved by the addition of the additive.