Abstract: Compounds that have ultraviolet light absorbing properties, and which can also have mesogenic properties. Compositions that include one or more such compounds. Articles of manufacture that include one or more such compounds, such as optical elements that include an optical substrate and a layer that includes at least one such compound.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition comprising: (a) a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; (b) one or more organic UV filter compounds selected from imidazoles, triazines, triazone and triazoles, and mixtures thereof. The liquid fuel composition provides benefits in terms of improved acceleration and/or power output of an internal combustion engine fuelled by said fuel as well as an increase in flame speed.

Abstract: Certain UV filter compounds improve the combustion properties of diesel fuel compositions, and in particular modify the ignition delay and/or modify the burn period and/or modify the peak pressure and/or increase the cetane number of the liquid fuel composition. A liquid fuel composition is provided containing: (a) a diesel base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (b) in the range of 10 ppmw to 2 wt %, by weight of the liquid fuel composition, of one or more organic UV filter compounds selected from imidazoles, triazines, triazones and triazoles, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes adding to the liquid, a tracer compound of Formula I: wherein, each X is independently selected from a hydrogen, bromine, or fluorine atom, a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C20 alkyl group and a phenyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group; each Y is independently selected from a bromine, or fluorine atom, a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group, a branched or cyclic C1-C9 alkyl group and a phenyl group substituted with at least one alkyl and/or a halogenated alkyl group; Z is selected from (i) a phenyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms, an aliphatic or halogenated aliphatic group, (ii) a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group or (iii) a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C20 alkyl group provided that when each Y is a fluorine atom, Z is not a linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl group.

Abstract: A more complete combustion and a decrease in particulate emissions in the burning of a heavy fuel oil in an industrial boiler or similar combustion device is obtained by first heating the oil to a temperature sufficient to significantly lower its viscosity and continuously mixing a fuel additive containing a solution of a high molecular weight, substantially linear, viscoelastic polymer to the heated oil flowing to the combustion device by mechanically stirring the oil and additive at conditions that do not cause degradation of the viscoelastic polymer through rupture and breakage of polymer molecules.

Abstract: A group of tertiary amine azides are useful as hypergolic fuels for hypergolic bipropellant mixtures. The fuels provide higher density impulses than monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) but are less toxic and have lower vapor pressures that MMH. In addition, the fuels have shorter ignition delay times than dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ) and other potential reduced toxicity replacements for MMH.

Abstract: A diesel fuel containing a soot dispersant additive which is a grafted and derivatized low molecular weight copolymer of ethylene and at least one C3-C10 alpha monoolefin is provided. Also provided is a method for improving the fuel economy of a diesel engine which comprises operating the diesel engine with a fuel composition comprising (a) a major amount of a diesel fuel and (b) a minor fuel economy improving effective amount of the soot dispersant additive.

Abstract: An additive mixture for fuels including a) at least one N-formal, b) at least one antioxidant and c) at least one corrosion inhibitor. The additive mixture ensures that the additized fuels and lubricants have biocidal and corrosion-inhibiting additization, especially when they include proportions of renewable raw materials, such as biodiesel, and when they are in contact with copper-containing surfaces.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive composition, a fuel containing the fuel additive, a method for improving diesel engine performance using the additive. The diesel fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and (b) a reactant selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing compound, a hydroxyl-containing compound, and water that provides a reaction product selected from the group consisting (1) a mono-amide/mono-acid or metal free mono-acid salt thereof, (2) a diacid or metal free diacid salt thereof, and (3) mono-ester/mono-acid or metal free mono-acid salt thereof. The reaction product includes at least about 10 molar percent acid groups based on total moles of the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.

Abstract: Biodiesel compositions are provided, containing non-phenolic additives that improve the oxidative stability and lower the acid number. The invention further provides non-phenolic additive concentrate compositions and diesel fuel compositions containing the above biodiesel compositions.

Abstract: A composition containing a petroleum hydrocarbon, a biodiesel fuel or an ethanol fuel, and an organic marker compound.

Abstract: Provided are additives of formula I for use in hydrocarbonaceous compositions, such as petroleum or liquid fuels: (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein. The additives improve the corrosion resistance of the compositions. The additives also enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of any added biocides contained in such compositions.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon, a biodiesel fuel or an ethanol fuel, by adding an organic marker compound.

Abstract: A fuel, fuel additive concentrate, and method for removing and/or preventing the occurrence of deposits in a fuel injector of an injection engine are provided. The additive concentrate contains at least one hexahydro triazine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of fuel additives, in particular, to an additive for hydrocarbon fuels to enhance efficiency and/or reduce pollution. The fuel additive of the invention includes an adenosine phosphate. The use of the adenosine phosphate results in enhanced combustion when combined with hydrocarbon fuel and combusted.

Abstract: A stable, substantially clear and homogeneous fuel composition contains an additive comprising a nitrogen donor and carrier, the nitrogen donor being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the NOx emissions of the fuel when subject to combustion and the carrier being selected to render the nitrogen donor soluble and to give the additive a molecular weight compatible with the energy properties of the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric a fuel composition comprising (i) a fuel; and (ii) a polymeric compound; wherein the polymeric compound comprises at least one monomer unit of Formula I wherein R1 is H or a C1-10 hydrocarbyl group; wherein L is an optional C1-30 hydrocarbyl linker group; and wherein heterocycle is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: Injector deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble compound having the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-4 alkyl, R3 is a radical of the formula CmH2m wherein m is an integer of 2 to 6, R4 and R5 are each independently (i) hydrogen (ii) C1-4 alkyl, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4 alkyls and R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-30 alkyl, (iv) wherein R8 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, C7-23 hydrocarbyl group or (v) wherein R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclic ring in which further hetero atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to emulsion compositions for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system. In particular, the invention includes emulsion compositions comprising hydrocarbon fuel, water and alkoxylated triazine surfactants for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.

Abstract: A stable, substantially clear and homogeneous fuel composition contains an additive comprising a nitrogen donor and carrier, the nitrogen donor being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the NOx emissions of the fuel when subject to combustion and the carrier being selected to render the nitrogen donor soluble and to give the additive a molecular weight compatible with the energy properties of the fuel.

Abstract: There is provided use of a thermal stabiliser for increasing the thermal stability of a cetane improver in a fuel composition comprising (i) a fuel, and (ii) the cetane improver wherein the thermal stabiliser is a compound of the formula H—R1 wherein H is a group comprising a heterocyclic group and R1 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 200 carbons.

Abstract: Injector deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble compound having the formula (I): 1

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition made by reacting A) an aldehyde of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof; and B) at least one etheramine represented by the formulaR.sup.2 ?O(CH.sub.2 CH(R)O).sub.n --R.sup.1 --NH.sub.2 !.sub.y(I)wherein each n is a number from 0 to about 50; each R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups of 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; each R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbylene group containing 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and a group represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrocarbylene groups of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 4; y is 1, 2, or 3; and each R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having a valence of y and containing 1 to about 50 carbon atoms when y is 1 and 1 to about 18 carbon atoms when y is 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, or 3; provided that when n is zero, y is 1.

Abstract: A method and matter of composition for controlling NO.sub.x emissions from existing diesel engines. The method is achieved by adding a small amount of material to the diesel fuel to decrease the amount of NO.sub.x produced during combustion. Specifically, small amounts, less than about 1%, of urea or a triazine compound (methylol melamines) are added to diesel fuel. Because urea and triazine compounds are generally insoluble in diesel fuel, microemulsion technology is used to suspend or dissolve the urea or triazine compound in the diesel fuel. A typical fuel formulation includes 5% t-butyl alcohol, 4.5% water, 0.5% urea or triazine compound, 9% oleic acid, and 1% ethanolamine. The subject invention provides improved emissions in heavy diesel engines without the need for major modifications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical composition comprising a t-butyl calix[8]arene encapsulated cyanuric acid derivatized with at least one C.sub.4 -C.sub.50 n-alkyl halide, n-alkaryl halide, aryl halide or polyoxyalkylene halide.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrocyclic and polycyclic polyamine lubricating oil additives formed by cyclodehydration of reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydrides or carboxylic acids with poly 3-amino propyl compounds or by acylation of macrocyclic polyamines and polycyclic polyamines with hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride or carboxylic acids. These compounds are useful as dispersants and dispersants-V.I. improvers in both gasoline and diesel engine lubricating oil compositions and are also useful fuel additives.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mixture of:a) phenolphthaleins-s-triazines;b) phenolphthalides-s-triazines;c) 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxy phenyl)fluorene -triazines;d) 3,6-dihydroxyspiro[fluorene-9,9-xanthane]-s-triazines;e) 10,10-bis-(4-hydroxyl phenyl)anthrone-s-triazines; andf) 9,9,10,10-tetrakis-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-anthracene -s-triazines.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mixture of:a) 1-(poly[1-hydroxyl-(2,6-phenylene methylene)])-3,5-dihydroxy-s-triazine;b) cyclo-1,3-(poly[1-hydroxyl-2,6-phenylenemethylene)])-5-hydroxy-s-triazine;c) [1-(phenoxy)-3-(phenoxy')-5-hydroxy-s-triazine-]poly[1-hydroxyl-(2,6-pheny lene methylene)];d) a ladder polymer containing randomly interdispersed s-triazine 'steps'; ande) a star polymer containing randomly interdispersed s- triazine connector sites for poly[1-hydroxyl-(2,6-phenylene methylene)] groups but where one or more pendant hydroxyl-s-triazine functions are also present.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel hexahydrotriazine compounds, a process for their production and their use as additives for fuels and oleaginous fluids.

Abstract: A method has been developed to solubilize hydroxy S-triazines containing at least one hydroxy function in diesel fuel and to enhance their overall thermal stability. The products which result from the full or partial encapsulation of hydroxy-S-triazine with calix[8]arene have unique and novel properties and reduce or eliminate nitrogen oxides level in diesel fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilizer additives for hydrocarbonaceous fuels comprising at least one or a mixture of hexahydrotriazine compounds and at least one or a mixture of imine compounds.

Abstract: A stable middle distillate fuel-oil composition which comprises(a) a major portion of a middle distillate fuel-oil; and(b) a minor amount, as storage stabilizing additive, of a N-2-pyridyl succinimide of a copolymer and maleic anhydride graft.

Abstract: Triazole compounds are grafted onto alkyl or alkenyl succinimides by using diisocyanates to effect the coupling. The process is carried out by first reacting a 1,2,3 -triazole with a diisocyanate to produce a triazole substituted urea addition product containing a single unreacted isocyanato group. This intermediate reaction product is then reacted with an alkyl or alkenyl succinimide ashless dispersant prepared from an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a polyamine by known methods. The novel composition so produced comprises a multifunctional hydrocarbon fuel or lubricant additive.