The Heavy Metal Is Cr, Zr, Or A Lanthanide Patents (Class 44/364)
-
Patent number: 10577553Abstract: Provided are water-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The water-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2017Date of Patent: March 3, 2020Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Murali Krishna Kalaga, Donald Meskers, Jr., Sundar Amancherla
-
Patent number: 8506657Abstract: The invention relates to a dispersion of the type comprising particles of a rare earth compound, particularly a compound of cerium, an acid and an organic phase, characterized in further comprising an anti-oxidant agent which can particularly be selected from substituted derivatives of phenol, aromatic amines or tocopherols. Said dispersion may be used as additive for diesel fuel for internal combustion engines, in particular as additive for diesel for diesel engines.Type: GrantFiled: April 1, 2004Date of Patent: August 13, 2013Assignee: Rhodia OperationsInventor: Gilbert Blanchard
-
Patent number: 8287607Abstract: A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 2009Date of Patent: October 16, 2012Inventors: Robert Wilfred Carroll, Noel Carroll, William F. Carroll, Michael Carroll
-
Patent number: 8056529Abstract: This invention presents a compact, light, efficient and high power output rotary internal combustion engine utilizing the waste heat. The engine has a rotor rotatable within a housing, but has no piston. The rotor has a plurality of combustion chambers, with inlets for introduction of fuel and outlets for exhaust of combustion products. The exhaust imparts rotation to the rotor within the housing. Fixed end caps are provided at each end of the housing. The engine is cooled with steam, air and water. The engine is suitable for applications that require efficient, high power to weight ratio, such as aircrafts, ships, and heavy duty transportation. The engine may use low grade fuel with a low cetane number, by using specially treated pulverized coal.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 2009Date of Patent: November 15, 2011Inventor: Ziyad A. Qamhiyeh
-
Patent number: 7780746Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method of enhancing a fuel value for a used or waste lubricating oil, lubricating oils having improved combustion and emission characteristics, and a business method for distributing and using waste oils as components of primary combustion fuels. In one embodiment, there is provided a lubricating oil composition having improved combustion and emission properties when burned as a used lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor combustion improving amount of a combustion improving additive.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 2006Date of Patent: August 24, 2010Assignee: Afton Chemical CorporationInventors: Ian Macpherson, Allen A. Aradi, David Cleaver
-
Patent number: 7503944Abstract: A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2002Date of Patent: March 17, 2009Inventors: Robert W. Carroll, Noel Carroll, William F. Carroll, Michael Carroll
-
Patent number: 7285140Abstract: A low-emissions diesel fuel comprises a catalyzed blend of fatty acid esters, preferably derived from soybean oil and/or tallow and aviation kerosene. The catalyzed blend is effective in lowering regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The catalyst will comprise fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium or iron. The cerium or iron are typically employed at concentrations of from 2 to 25 ppm and the platinum from 0.05 to 2 ppm, with preferred levels of cerium or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm, e.g., 7.5 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.15 ppm. A preferred ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum is from 75:1 to 10:1. The jet fuel component will typically be employed at a volume ratio to the fatty acid esters of from about 2:1 to about 5:1, e.g., about 4:1. The full range of blends extends from 50:1 to 1:50 with some benefit.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2003Date of Patent: October 23, 2007Assignee: Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.Inventor: James M. Valentine
-
Patent number: 7063729Abstract: A low-emissions diesel fuel comprises fungible aviation kerosene grade 55, 50–300 ppm detergent, 25–500 ppm lubricity additive and a bimetallic, fuel soluble platinum and cerium fuel borne catalyst (e.g., 0.1–2.0 ppm platinum COD and 5–20 ppm cerium oleate). The fuel can be used as is or in the form of an emulsion. A method of reducing the emissions of pollutants from a diesel engine, comprising running the engine on a fuel as defined. Retarding engine timing can further reduce NOx and the use of a diesel particulate filter and/or diesel oxidation catalyst can provide further reductions in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and particulates.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2002Date of Patent: June 20, 2006Assignee: Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.Inventors: James M. Valentine, Barry N. Sprague, Jeremy D. Peter-Hoblyn
-
Publication number: 20040065002Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel oil additive capable of effectively improving the quality of fuel oils, which comprises an oil-soluble metal salt of organic acid having the general formula MR, where R is an organic acid radical and the corresponding organic acid is a C1-C40 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, naphthenic acid, aromatic acid or alkylphenol, M is a metal cation and the corresponding metal is an alkali metal, alkali-earth metal, rare-earth metal, transition metal, or the like. The present invention also provides fuel oil products added to the fuel oil additive, including gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy oil, resid, or the like. The present invention especially provides a gasoline antiknock agent and a gasoline having excellent antiknock property, and this kind of gasoline antiknock agent is characteristic of effectiveness, economy, safety, no environmental pollution, no toxicity to human body, no adverse effect on parts of automobile engine, use convenience, and the like.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 1, 2003Publication date: April 8, 2004Inventor: Shibin Hu
-
Publication number: 20030221362Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising a solution or dispersion of an oil soluble metal carboxylate or metal complex derived from a compound of the formula: 1Type: ApplicationFiled: March 10, 2003Publication date: December 4, 2003Inventors: Philip E. Collier, Rinaldo Caprotti
-
Patent number: 6652608Abstract: A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65° F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1997Date of Patent: November 25, 2003Inventor: William C. Orr
-
Patent number: 6649156Abstract: An organic sol containing: cerium oxide particles; an organic liquid phase; and at least one amphiphilic compound chosen from polyoxyethylenated alkyl ethers of carboxylic acids, polyoxyethylenated alkyl ether phosphates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates and quaternary ammonium compounds. A process for preparing the sol is characterized in that the abovementioned amphiphilic compound and the organic liquid phase are mixed together and the cerium oxide particles are then dispersed in the mixture obtained. According to a second variant, a mixture of cerium oxide and of at least one abovementioned amphiphilic compound is formed and the said mixture is then dispersed in the organic liquid phase.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 2001Date of Patent: November 18, 2003Assignee: Rhodia ChimieInventor: Jean-Yves Chane-Ching
-
Patent number: 6488724Abstract: The additive described essentially comprises a selected alkoxylated fatty amine or fatty amine derivative and a special metal salt compound, preferably a metal soap. This additive for heavy oils effects a good emulsification or dispersion of asphaltenes and other higher-molecular weight compounds and, in addition, inter alia, increased storage stability, improved pumpability due to decreased viscosity of the oil and longer service lives of the filter systems. In addition, it also effects enhanced combustion of the heavy oils. The effective amount of additive in these oils is 2 to 2000 ppm. The oils described are suitable, in particular, as furnace fuel for industrial plants and power stations and as engine fuel for marine engines.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1997Date of Patent: December 3, 2002Assignee: Clariant GmbHInventors: Günther Hertel, Michael Feustel, Hakan Byström, Geoffrey Richards
-
Patent number: 6136048Abstract: A method for processing soot containing one or more rare earths, wherein said soot is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas, is disclosed. The method comprises (a) preparing an aqueous phase comprising a dispersion of at least one oxygenated metal compound; (b) simultaneously or consecutively contacting a suspension from step (a) with an organic phase including at least one amphiphilic agent and preferably an organic mixture or compound as the solvent; and c recovering the organic phase. Said oxygenated metal compound is produced by means of a method according to which a solution including at least one soluble rare-earth salt, usually an acetate and/or a chloride, is prepared; the solution is contacted with a basic medium and the resulting reaction mixture is maintained at a basic pH; and the precipitate formed by atomization or freeze-drying is recovered. Said method is useful in inorganic synthesis and catalysis.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1998Date of Patent: October 24, 2000Assignee: Rhodia ChimieInventors: Thierry Birchem, Pierre MacAudiere, Olivier Touret
-
Patent number: 6096104Abstract: Compositions including at least three metals (M1, M2, M3) are disclosed. The first metal (M1) is at least one metal selected from the iron group or the manganese group, and is preferably selected from iron, manganese, cobalt and nickel. The second metal (M2) is at least one metal selected from the rare earth group and is preferably selected from cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymiium. The third metal (M3) is selected from the group of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals, and is preferably selected from barium, strontium, calcium and lithium. The weight ratio (R) of metal (M3) to metal (M2) is greater than 0.15, and preferably greater than 1.5.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1999Date of Patent: August 1, 2000Assignees: Total Raffinage Distribution S.A., Gamlen Industries S.A.Inventors: Corinne Van den Neste, Jean Peyrot, Guy Brisset, Gerard Briard
-
Patent number: 6023928Abstract: Operation of a diesel engine with low particulate emissions is achieved. A diesel engine is equipped with a platinum-catalyzed particulate trap. The engine is operated with a blend of diesel fuel and a fuel-soluble cerium composition to reduce the balance point of the trap with reduced cerium content. Preferably, the fuel will also contain a fuel-soluble organo-platinum group metal compound, or an effective platinum group metal compound can be added to the exhaust or combustion air.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1998Date of Patent: February 15, 2000Assignee: Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Jeremy D. Peter-Hoblyn, James M. Valentine
-
Patent number: 5637118Abstract: A corrosion inhibited fuel mixture includes a hydrocarbon fuel, at least one vanadium composition, and a yttrium composition. The concentration of the yttrium composition in the mixture provides at least a stoichiometric amount of yttrium for a substantially complete reaction between the yttrium and V.sub.2 O.sub.5 formed from the vanadium composition when the mixture is burned. The yttrium and V.sub.2 O.sub.5 react to form YVO.sub.4. One particular yttrium composition useful as a hydrocarbon fuel soluble, water stable vanadium corrosion inhibitor incorporates a yttrium ester having at least four carbon atoms and a hydrocarbon fuel soluble chelating agent that includes 2,4-pentanediene. The complex has a molar ratio of 2,4-pentanediene to yttrium of up to 5:1.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1994Date of Patent: June 10, 1997Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Norman S. Bornstein, Hilton A. Roth, Roscoe A. Pike
-
Patent number: 5501714Abstract: The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which burns to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 1995Date of Patent: March 26, 1996Assignee: Platinum Plus, Inc.Inventors: James M. Valentine, Jeremy D. Peter-Hoblyn
-
Patent number: 5449387Abstract: Novel cerium (IV) oxidic compounds, well suited as catalysts, e.g., for the clean combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and for the "drying" of paint compositions, each Ce(IV) atom of which being coordinated with two anions of an organic oxyacid advantageously having a pKa greater than 1, preferably greater than 2, or a mixture of such oxyacids, and the oxidic oxygen atom or atoms of which being other than those comprising the organic oxyacids; representative such novel cerium (IV) oxidic compounds, whether yellow crystalline solids or yellow liquids, have the formula:(H.sub.2 O).sub.p [CeO(A).sub.2 .multidot.(AH).sub.n .multidot.].sub.min which the radicals A, which may be the same or different, are each the residue of an organic oxyacid of formula AH, p is an integer ranging from 0 to 5, n ranges from 0 to 2 and m is an integer ranging from 1 to 12.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 1994Date of Patent: September 12, 1995Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Chemicals LimitedInventors: Ian M. Hawkins, Heiko H. K. Mauermann
-
Patent number: 5266083Abstract: The invention presented relates to a method for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides from a diesel engine without significant loss of fuel efficiency and without significant increases in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. The method involves preparing a diesel engine such that the injection timing thereof is set at a point sufficient to obtain reductions in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the engine; and firing the diesel engine with a diesel fuel having admixed therein an additive which comprises a fuel soluble organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1991Date of Patent: November 30, 1993Assignee: Platinum Plus, Inc.Inventors: Jeremy D. Peter-Hoblyn, James M. Valentine, W. Robert Epperly, Barry N. Sprague
-
Patent number: 4973336Abstract: A composition for the improvement of hydrocarbon fuel as exhibiting a boiling range of gasoline. The composition comprises an amine, a polyaminated detergent, a phenylamine diamine inhibited aromatic monomer stabilized by a polymeric substrate, a catalyst, a solvent, a promotor, alternative promoter and co-promoter. When used collectively, the recited composition has been found to significantly increase the octane of such hydrocarbon fuels while enhancing their anti-knock, anti-icing, anti-oxidency, anti-corrosion, detergency, and combustion properties and providing a lubrication quality to spark ignition-type engines used to burn the hydrocarbon fuels.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 1989Date of Patent: November 27, 1990Inventor: Jean-Louis G. Gheysens
-
Patent number: 4968322Abstract: Disclosed herein are a fuel composition comprising a fuel oil added with at least two kinds of soaps selected from cerium, neodymium and lanthanum soaps and a fuel additive comprising an organic solution that contains at least two kinds of soaps selected from cerium, neodymium and lanthanum soaps.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 1989Date of Patent: November 6, 1990Assignee: Nippon Mining Company, LimitedInventors: Shintaro Miyawaki, Kiyomi Ishii, Mamoru Yamane
-
Patent number: RE36117Abstract: A corrosion inhibited fuel mixture includes a hydrocarbon fuel, at least one vanadium composition, and a yttrium composition. The concentration of the yttrium composition in the mixture provides at least a stoichiometric amount of yttrium for a substantially complete reaction between the yttrium and V.sub.2 O.sub.5 formed from the vanadium composition when the mixture is burned. The yttrium and V.sub.2 O.sub.5 react to form YVO.sub.4. One particular yttrium composition useful as a hydrocarbon fuel soluble, water stable vanadium corrosion inhibitor incorporates a yttrium ester having at least four carbon atoms and a hydrocarbon fuel soluble chelating agent that includes 2,4-pentanedi.?.e.!..Iadd.o.Iaddend.ne. The complex has a molar ratio of 2,4-pentanedi.?.e.!..Iadd.o.Iaddend.ne to yttrium of up to 5:1.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1998Date of Patent: March 2, 1999Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Norman S. Bornstein, Hilton A. Roth, Roscoe A. Pike