Abstract: A fuel additive formulation, method of use, and method of producing the fuel additive formulation are described. The fuel additive of the present disclosure comprises a mixture of nitroparaffins comprising nitropropane and nitromethane, a lubricant, and an aromatic hydrocarbon. The fuel additive formulation is substantially free of nitroethane. The combustion in an internal combustion engine of a fuel containing the additive results in reduced emissions relative to the combustion of a fuel not containing the additive.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein beneficially provide an exit gas having a third, relatively low, NO/NO2 ratio that closely approximates the NO/NO2 ratio found in the exhaust of various internal combustion engines. The systems and methods described herein receive a feed gas having a first, relatively high NO/NO2 ratio. The feed gas is apportioned into a first feed gas portion that is passed through a non-thermal plasma generation system to provide an intermediate gas having a second, relatively very low, NO/NO2 ratio and a second feed gas portion having the first NO/NO2 ratio. The intermediate gas and the second feed gas portion are combined to provide the exist gas having the third, relatively low, NO/NO2 ratio. The systems and methods described herein beneficially provide an exit gas having a variable NO/NO2 ratio to simulate exhaust from a variety of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyisobutenyl alcohols and substituted polyisobuentyl alcohols of the formula: wherein n is an integer from 5 to 90, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, haloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl and substituted aryl wherein at least one substituent group of the substituted aryl is selected from cyano, nitro and alkoxycarbonyl.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gasoline combustion improver comprising an organic nitro compound with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy of about 60 to about 80 Kcal/mol of compound, wherein the organic nitro compound is selected from the group consisting of nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, heteroatom nonaromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls, and wherein the organic nitro compound is not nitrotoluene or dinitrotoluene.

Abstract: A biocidal composition comprising 2,2-dibromomalonamide and an electrophile containing biocide, and its use for the control of microorganisms in aqueous and water-containing systems.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

Abstract: Fuel blends and processes for producing a fuel unit blend to replace gasoline or supplement the apparent energy density of diesel or other fuel. The fuel unit blend comprises a base combustive fuel component that produces excess heat, which heat activates and sustains reactions of secondary detonative fuel components. The fuel mixture including a detonative fuel component blended with a stabilizing fuel component is dynamically stable, allowing the detonative fuel component to survive the combustion of the base combustive fuel component. The fuel blend produces first deflagrative combustion and then detonative or explosive waves in an internal combustion engine so as to produce maximum effective torque on the engines piston. A secondary effect is provided when the exhaust gas is cooled, increasing the Carnot thermal efficiency of the engine. The fuel blends may be diluted with a base combustive fuel to form a synthetic fuel for use within an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyisobutenyl alcohols and substituted polyisobuentyl alcohols of the formula: wherein n is an integer from 5 to 90, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, haloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl and substituted aryl wherein at least one substituent group of the substituted aryl is selected from cyano, nitro and alkoxycarbonyl.

Abstract: A fuel additive comprising a core polar material blended with a stabilizing and enhancing combustive mixture, which pairing is further combined with a base combustive fuel, to form a synthetic fuel that, in an internal combustion engine, releases and combines combustive and detonative potential energy so as to produce more effective torque on the engine's drive piston than can be obtained from combustion alone. The base combustive fuel's heat energy not used to work the IC engine synergistically powers the fuel additive's solvation and detonative or explosive endothermic reactions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gasoline combustion improver comprising an organic nitro compound with C—NO2 bond dissociation energy of about 60 to about 80 Kcal/mol of compound, wherein the organic nitro compound is selected from the group consisting of nitro-aromatics, heteroatom aromatic ring compounds, heteroatom nonaromatic ring compounds, and nitrated furfuryls, and wherein the organic nitro compound is not nitrotoluene or dinitrotoluene.

Abstract: An improved fuel additive formulation, method of use, and method of producing the fuel formulation are described. The improved fuel additive of the present invention comprises a mixture of nitroparaffins (comprising nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitropropane), and a combination of modified commercially available ester oil and/or a solubilizing agent, and/or toluene. The ratio of ester oil and/or solubilizing agent and/or toluence to nitroparaffin is preferably less than 20 volume percent, with nitroparaffins comprising the balance of the additive. A method of preparing and using the additive formulation is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel conditioning process for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. According to the present invention, on board a motor vehicle at a temperature of from 20° C. to 150° C. and at atmospheric pressure, nitrous gases essentially including nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, or dinitrogen monoxide, or gaseous mixtures thereof are passed through the liquid fuel of the motor vehicle, nitro compounds being formed in the fuel as a result of the passing through of the nitrous gases through the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diesel fuel compositions that are extremely stable against thermal degradation, sedimentation, and discoloration. The diesel fuel compositions of the present invention are void or essentially void of certain heteroatomic compounds often present in diesel fuel and which have been discovered to cause the thermal degradation in the presence of nitrate-based cetane improver additives. The specific deleterious heteroatomic compounds include pyrroles, indoles, sulfides, disulfides, mercaptans, thioacids, sulfonic acids, and indolines.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of organic nitrogen compounds, in particular of aminoalkanes, alkyloximes, alkylnitrones or mixtures thereof, which have only one nitrogen-functional group and no alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, from nitro-containing reaction products of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins with an average degree of polymerization P=5-100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen by hydrogenation of these reaction products. The invention also relates to particular mixtures of such aminoalkanes, alkyloximes and/or alkylnitrones and to individual compounds of these types themselves. The designated products are suitable as additives to fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F.). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: Catalytic clean-combustion-promoter compositions for use with finished gasoline or diesel fuels in compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines improve fuel efficiency and reduce air polluting emissions. The compositions utilize ketones as solvents, alcohols as cosolvents, nitroparaffin compounds as combustion supporters, and, to promote the chemical reactions, a catalytic medium is used. When the additive compositions are employed in microvolumetric concentrations ranging from 670 to 1,350 parts per million by volume of engine fuel, the chemical bonding of the carbon molecules with the oxygen molecules is increased during the combustion process, thus, producing a synergistic effect, which increases the combustion characteristic of the fuels to be burned and reduces the tendency of the fuel to create deposits, and therefore reduces the CO.sub.2 and NO.sub.X emissions, and increases the fuel economy.

Abstract: Petroleum derived fuel compositions of improved efficiency for use with finished gasoline and diesel fuels in compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines include a catalytic clean-combustion-promoter composition to improve fuel efficiency and reduce their air polluting effects. The catalytic clean-combustion-promoter compositions utilize ketones as solvents, alcohols as cosolvents, ethers as octane supporters, nitroparaffin compounds as combustion supporters, and, to promote the chemical reactions a catalytic medium is used in combination with aromatic amines. When all the compounds are combined in the recited quantities, the molecular structure and surface tension of the fuel is transformed through chemical bonding to produce a synergistic effect, which increases the combustion characteristic of the fuels to be burned and reduces the tendency of the fuel to create deposits, and therefore reduces the exhaust emissions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-cycle engine lubricant composition, comprising (A) at least one dispersant, (B) at least one reaction product of a fatty acid and a polyamine, and (C) at least about 25% by weight of the composition of at least one varnish dissolver selected from (a) keto-alcohols, (b) carboxylic esters having up to a total of 24 carbon atoms and (c) alkoxy alcohols, and (D) at least about 15% by weight of the composition of at least one fluidizing oil, and a method, comprising the steps of introducing into a two-cycle internal combustion engine a fuel-lubricant mixture comprising a major amount of a fuel and a minor amount sufficient to increase compression or release stuck piston rings, of the two-cycle engine lubricant composition.

Abstract: The incorporation of these catalytic clean combustion promoters compositions to liquid fuels for internal combustion engines, improve their combustion properties; thus, reducing their air polluting emissions as nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Also, these fuel activators reduce smoke and particulate matter exhaust emissions. Moreover, the addition of these fuel activators, reduce the corrosion properties of fuels, clean the whole fuel systems of gums and varnishes, clean and prevent carbon deposits on injectors, valves and on the combustion chamber parts.The composition of these catalytic clean combustion promoters additives includes aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents with and without oxygenated functional groups, aromatic amines, a catalytic agent in chemical reactions, nitroparaffin solvents, aliphatic ether as an octaine assistant, and/or Kerosene as a cetane assistant.

Abstract: The octane value of fuels such as gasoline is increased by adding thereto an organic compound containing a tert-butyl group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom, which, in turn, is bonded to yet another atom by double or triple bonds.