Abstract: A fuel or fuel blending agent for an internal combustion engine includes a ketone compound that is a C4 to C10 branched acyclic ketone, cyclopentanone, or a derivative of cyclopentanone. The ketone compound may be blended with a majority portion of a fuel selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biofuel, renewable fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof. The ketone compound may be derived from biological sources. A method for powering an internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising the ketone compound is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on ketone(s).

Abstract: A combustion tool fuel cell is provided having enhanced low temperature operation, including a fuel composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon component with a total vapor pressure equal or above 95 psig at 21° C.

Abstract: A diesel fuel lubricant as a replacement for sulfur lubrication in Ultra-Low and Low Sulfur Diesel fuels, the process for producing said lubricant, and the method of using said lubricant. This lubricant comprises alpha-olefins; low odor aromatic solvents; and at least one a base oil selected from the base oil group consisting of hydroisomerized high base oils and HT Severe Hydro-cracked Base Oils; as well as other ingredients. Also disclosed is a method for producing this lubricant.

Abstract: The present invention provides hybrid diesel fuels and methods for manufacturing hybrid diesel fuels. In embodiments, fuel compositions comprise at least one petrochemical fuel, at least one biosynthetic oil and at least one stabilizer mixture. The percentage by volume of the petrochemical fuel can be greater than 0% and less than 100%, and the percentage by volume of the stabilizer mixture can be between about 0.001% and about 0.5%.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Abstract: Gasoline fuel formulation containing (i) tricyclene, which is suitably biologically derived, and (ii) a gasoline base fuel. The formulation may contain one or more additional biofuel components or oxygenates: it may for example include ethanol, or ethanol together with one or more additional biofuels. The invention also provides a method for preparing the formulation, its use in a spark ignition engine, and the use of tricyclene in a gasoline fuel formulation for various purposes, including to enhance lubricity.

Abstract: Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition includes: a liquid fuel; and a sublimatable organic compound that has a sublimation point lower than 45° C. at atmospheric pressure, and that includes a skeleton selected from bicycloheptane, indane, pyrone, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and benzene.

Abstract: Embodiments of a composition useful as a fuel or fuel additive are provided. Certain disclosed embodiments of the composition comprise mid to low flash point naptha, at least one alcohol having a ratio of between about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to 1 hydroxyl functional group, at least one lubricating oil, and at least one oxygenated natural aromatic compound, wherein the oxygenated natural aromatic compound has a flash point between about 60° C. and about 160° C., has at least one oxygenated functional group, and is soluble in the composition.

Abstract: A process and system for separating bio-gasoline, bio-diesel and bio-fuel oil fractions from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable gasoline including at least in part the bio-gasoline fraction, is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into a bio-gasoline fraction and a heavy fraction based on their boiling points. At least a portion of the bio-gasoline fraction is directly blended with a petroleum-derived gasoline, without any prior hydrotreatment, to thereby provide a renewable gasoline composition.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains (a) a medium substantially free of to free of sulphur; (b) a detergent/dispersant additive; and (c) a liquid fuel where the medium substantially free of to free of sulphur is an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, and where the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is present from at least about 50 wt % to about 100 wt % of the total amount of the medium. The fuel composition is prepared by a process and is useful in a process, where the fuel composition includes a medium that is a hydrocarbon or a nonhydrocarbon or a mixture thereof, to increase the efficiency of an exhaust after-treatment device of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A comprehensive fuel additive for gasoline, diesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuels intended to improve engine combustion efficiency, improve diesel fuel cetane levels, improve diesel and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel lubricity, reduce engine component friction, reduce engine deposit buildup, reduce gasoline and diesel fuel bio-contamination and reduce pollutant exhaust emissions produced by gasoline and diesel fuel powered internal combustion engines. The present invention further provides a fuel additive that does not increase the sulfur level of diesel fuel beyond 15 ppm.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a diesel fuel, includes the steps of providing a diesel fuel feedstock; hydrogenating the feedstock at a pressure of less than about 600 psig so as to provide a hydrogenated product wherein a portion of the feedstock is converted to alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds; and selectively oxidizing the hydrogenated product in the presence of a catalyst so as to convert the alkyl-naphthene-aromatic compounds to alkyl ketones. A catalyst and oxygen-containing Diesel fuel are also provided.

Abstract: A fuel additive that provides increased fuel efficiency for combustion engines. The fuel additive is a combination of a synthetic oil blend, xylene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and acetone. In one particular implementation, the amount of acetone is equal to at least 15% of an overall volume of the additive.

Abstract: The fuel additives of the present invention comprise essentially of about 10-50 weight % of terpene, 0-15 weight % of Alkylene Glycol Ether, and 40-80 weight % of 2-Propanone, 0-20 weight % of Dibasic Methyl Ester and 0-15 weight % of nonyl phenol ethoxylate and 0-15 weight % of mineral oil. This highly effective fuel additives can eliminate the formation of deposits and form air-borne micro-cluster molecules in internal combustion engines, particularly, in the fuel injection system and combustion chamber of such engines.

Abstract: An additive for hydrocarbon fuels such as LPG, gasoline, and diesel fuel. The additive includes a hydrocarbon mixture, an alkyl amine, and at least one vapor phase inhibitor.

Abstract: Methods for preserving technical products such as fuels and lubricants with a microbicidal composition. The composition is made up of at least one formaldehyde donor compound and at least one antioxidant. The antioxidant is either a gallic ester, a phenol derivative, a L-ascorbic acid, including salts and derivatives thereof, a tocopherol or one of its associated derivatives.

Abstract: A fuel additive that provides increased fuel efficiency, while at the same time reduces harmful emissions from combustion engines. The fuel additive is a combination of a synthetic oil blend, ethyl acetate and acetone. In one particular implementation, the amount of acetone is equal to at least 10% of an overall volume of the additive.

Abstract: Fuel additives, fuel formulations, and processes for their preparation and use are provided. The additives improve the combustion properties of hydrocarbon fuels. The enhanced combustion indicates reductions in certain emissions.

Abstract: A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Abstract: A method of making a fuel composition for a modified internal combustion spark ignition engine comprising combining a fuel grade ethanol, an oxygen-containing component and at least one C6-C12 hydrocarbon. A fuel produced by such a method is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an odorant suitable for use in fuel gases, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), city gas, and LP gas, or methane gas, propane gas, butane gas and hydrogen gas. Preferably, the present invention provides a novel odorant that can also be used for fuel gases for fuel cells, including hydrogen gas. The odorant for fuel gases of the present invention has a perceptual threshold of 1 ppb or less, and includes a compound that has no sulfur atoms and no nitrogen atoms in its molecules. The odorant for fuel gases of the present invention is suitable for use in fuel cells that use hydrogen gas or other gases as a fuel.

Abstract: Additives and methods for reducing or eliminating odor in oil based media. The additives comprise an essential oil, an essential oil component, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Compositions of fuels for transportation are disclosed, particularly organic compositions which are liquid at ambient conditions. More specifically, it relates to transportation fuels comprising suitable organic distillates, as a predominant component, and limited, but essential, amounts of a component comprising oxygen-containing organic materials, which materials are typically derived from natural petroleum. Beneficially, the oxygen content of these transportation fuels is at least 0.02 percent by weight. Preferably the oxygen content these transportation fuels is in a range from about 0.2 percent to about 10 percent by weight.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided forcleaning and/or rejuvenating catalysts, including catalysts of the type used in vehicle catalytic converters. The compositions of the invention comprise a hydrocarbon source and an oxygen donor, which may be one and the same compound. The composition may be combustible, and the composition may generate organic acid vapor upon combustion. The composition may also include a number of trace metals. Methods according to the invention include the steps of bringing the catalyst up to working temperature and passing the rejuvenating and/or cleansing composition or the combustion products of the rejuvenating and/or cleansing composition over the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of reducing the vapor pressure of a C3 to C12 hydrocarbon-based motor fuel mixture containing 0.1 to 20% by volume of ethanol for conventional spark ignition internal combustion engines, wherein, in addition to an ethanol component (b) and a C3 to C12 hydrocarbon component (a), an oxygen-containing additive (c) selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: alcohol other than ethanol, ketone, ether, ester, hydroxy ketone, ketone ester, and a heterocyclic-containing oxygen compound in an amount of at least 0.05 by volume of the total fuel and at least one C6-C12 hydrocarbon (d) are used in the fuel mixture, is disclosed. A mixture of fuel grade ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additive (c) and C6-C12 hydrocarbon (d) usable in the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fuel additives in the regeneration of particulate filter traps, e.g. diesel particulate filter traps. The invention further relates to fuel additives suitable for use in such a process.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines comprising a major amount of a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, and greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons, and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduces particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ultra-low sulphur fuel composition comprising (A) a major amount of a base fuel having (a) no more than 50 ppm by weight of sulphur, (b) no more than 10% by weight of olefins and (c) no more than 10% by weight of an ester and (B) at least 1% by weight based on the total fuel composition of an oxygenate selected from its group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s) and having no other oxygen atom in its structure. These specific oxygenates further reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of engines powered by ultra-low sulphur diesel fuels which fuels are already known to generate low particulate emissions. These oxygenates are capable of an impressive performance with respect to particulate emissions over a broad range of vehicles and driving cycles when compared with the performance of oxygenates used hitherto.

Abstract: This invention is a method of reducing particulate matter emission from internal combustion engines which use a diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel having a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, by admixing said fuel with greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixture of said alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: This invention is a method of reducing particulate matter emission from internal combustion engines which use a diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel having a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, by admixing said fuel with greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixture of said alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor fuel suitable for diesel, gas-turbine and jet engines and standard engines, comprising a mixture of organic compounds having oxygen-containing functional groups, and optionally a hydrocarbon fraction. The fuel is typically a stable homogeneous liquid at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature and achieves a reduction of harmful pollutants in the exhaust emissions of the engines. A total of at least four different oxygen-containing functional groups are present in at least two different oxygen-containing organic compounds. The total concentration of organic compounds containing bound oxygen in the fuel composition generally varies from 5% and to 100% of the total volume of the fuel composition, and the concentration of the hydrocarbon compounds varies, correspondingly, from 95% to 0% of the total volume of the fuel composition.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines comprising a major amount of a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, and greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons, and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduces particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: A fuel additive for internal combustion engines contains a mixture of toluene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and mineral oil as base ingredients mixed with a mixture having acetone, methanol, toluene, and xylene mixed in a predetermined order in predetermined amounts. The fuel additive is added to an internal combustion engine fuel to improve the operation of the engine and reduce pollutants released into the atmosphere by the engine running the fuel and additive.

Abstract: A compound for use as a diesel fuel additive to gasoline or as a diesel fuel is provided. The compound has the molecular formula: ##STR1## is provided where R is CH.sub.3, C.sub.6 H.sub.10, C.sub.10 H.sub.18, or C.sub.12 H.sub.25. R.sub.1 is a carbonyl group (C.dbd.O), R.sub.2 is HR--OH (hydroxyl). R.sub.1 is a carbonyl group (C.dbd.O), R.sub.2 is HR--OH (hydroxyl). An R.sub.3 is a silicone compound. The product is formed through pressure reaction to generate energy and change the original molecular structure to form a closed chain. Due to the reaction mechanism, a mixture is provided which is approximately 30%-55% alcohol, approximately 25%-35% ketones, and approximately 3%-10% silicon compounds. It has 3-5 carbon atoms and 9-18 hydrogen and 3-5 oxygen atoms.The mixture is added to gasoline to provide a diesel fuel mixture. The fuel mixture contains up to 10%-30% by volume of the additive mixture.

Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering diesel, gasoline or gasohol internal combustion engines, the method comprising admixing with the fuel an additive which comprises a fuel-soluble, nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or halides; and c) has a partition ratio sufficient to maintain preferential solubility in the fuel.

Abstract: A compound for use as an additive to gasoline or as a fuel is provided. The compound has the molecular formula: ##STR1## is provided where R is CH.sub.3, C.sub.3 H.sub.6, C.sub.7 H.sub.8, C.sub.6 H.sub.10, or C.sub.10 H.sub.18 ; R.sub.1 is a carbonyl group (C.dbd.O), R.sub.2 is H or --OH (hydroxyl), and R.sub.3 is an aliphatic compound or a silicon compound. The product is formed through pressure reaction to generate energy chain and change the original molecular structure to form a closed chain. Due to the reaction mechanism, a mixture is provided which is approximately 40.about.70% alcohol, approximately 2.5.about.18% ketone and ethers, and approximately 4.about.20% aliphatic and silicon compounds. It has 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 18 hydrogen and 3 to 16 oxygen atoms. The mixture is added to gasoline to provide a fuel mixture. The fuel mixture contains up to 70% by volume of the additive mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed are additives for fuel which comprise certain aliphatic amines and aliphatic alcohols in a paraffin carrier such as kerosene. The additives improve combustion efficiency and fuel economy, and reduce the amount of pollutants and corrosives formed in the combustion process.

Abstract: Catalytic clean-combustion-promoter compositions for use with finished gasoline or diesel fuels in compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines improve fuel efficiency and reduce air polluting emissions. The compositions utilize ketones as solvents, alcohols as cosolvents, nitroparaffin compounds as combustion supporters, and, to promote the chemical reactions, a catalytic medium is used. When the additive compositions are employed in microvolumetric concentrations ranging from 670 to 1,350 parts per million by volume of engine fuel, the chemical bonding of the carbon molecules with the oxygen molecules is increased during the combustion process, thus, producing a synergistic effect, which increases the combustion characteristic of the fuels to be burned and reduces the tendency of the fuel to create deposits, and therefore reduces the CO.sub.2 and NO.sub.X emissions, and increases the fuel economy.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition for use in a spark ignition engine, which comprises conventional gasoline for spark ignition engine use and a compound selected from the group consisting of an alkynyl alcohol, alkynyl ether, alkynyl ketone, alkenyl aldehyde or an acetal thereof, furan or a furan compound, and an alkenyl ether.

Abstract: Petroleum derived fuel compositions of improved efficiency for use with finished gasoline and diesel fuels in compression ignition engines and spark ignition engines include a catalytic clean-combustion-promoter composition to improve fuel efficiency and reduce their air polluting effects. The catalytic clean-combustion-promoter compositions utilize ketones as solvents, alcohols as cosolvents, ethers as octane supporters, nitroparaffin compounds as combustion supporters, and, to promote the chemical reactions a catalytic medium is used in combination with aromatic amines. When all the compounds are combined in the recited quantities, the molecular structure and surface tension of the fuel is transformed through chemical bonding to produce a synergistic effect, which increases the combustion characteristic of the fuels to be burned and reduces the tendency of the fuel to create deposits, and therefore reduces the exhaust emissions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-cycle engine lubricant composition, comprising (A) at least one dispersant, (B) at least one reaction product of a fatty acid and a polyamine, and (C) at least about 25% by weight of the composition of at least one varnish dissolver selected from (a) keto-alcohols, (b) carboxylic esters having up to a total of 24 carbon atoms and (c) alkoxy alcohols, and (D) at least about 15% by weight of the composition of at least one fluidizing oil, and a method, comprising the steps of introducing into a two-cycle internal combustion engine a fuel-lubricant mixture comprising a major amount of a fuel and a minor amount sufficient to increase compression or release stuck piston rings, of the two-cycle engine lubricant composition.

Abstract: The incorporation of these catalytic clean combustion promoters compositions to liquid fuels for internal combustion engines, improve their combustion properties; thus, reducing their air polluting emissions as nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Also, these fuel activators reduce smoke and particulate matter exhaust emissions. Moreover, the addition of these fuel activators, reduce the corrosion properties of fuels, clean the whole fuel systems of gums and varnishes, clean and prevent carbon deposits on injectors, valves and on the combustion chamber parts.The composition of these catalytic clean combustion promoters additives includes aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents with and without oxygenated functional groups, aromatic amines, a catalytic agent in chemical reactions, nitroparaffin solvents, aliphatic ether as an octaine assistant, and/or Kerosene as a cetane assistant.

Abstract: 1-Bromopinacolone is a microbial biocide that is highly effective in suppressing the growth of bacteria, fungi and algae which can occur during storage and use of hydrocarbon oils including gasoline, jet fuel and heating oil. It is particularly effective in emulsifiable oils for metal working, such as cutting oils and rolling oils.

Abstract: A composition useful, inter alia, as a fuel, is based on ethyl alcohol denatured with methylisobutyl alcohol and kerosene, which is mixed with xylenes and isopropyl alcohol. The xylenes and isopropyl alcohol act with the denaturizing agents to raise the flash point above that of ethyl alcohol alone and also to mask the odor and color the flame, thus making the composition safer for use as a charcoal lighter or as a fuel for e.g. patio lamps.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuel and aviation jet fuel are stabilized by insertion of solid porous stabilizing foam into storage tanks. Fuel-insoluble particles resulting from degradation of the fuel which form during prolonged storage are absorbed by the foam. The absorbed particles are removed from the foam by contacting it with a polar solvent. The foam thus regenerated is re-used for continued stabilization of stored liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The polar solvent having fuel-insoluble particles dissolved therein is recovered by distillation for re-use.