Inorganic Component (e.g., Carbon Dioxide, Etc.) Patents (Class 44/457)
  • Patent number: 12009563
    Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell and a fuel system. The fuel cell includes a housing and a fuel cell stack positioned in the housing. The fuel cell stack is configured to produce an electrochemical reaction from a fuel and air to output electricity. The fuel system includes a fuel source, a fuel vaporizer, and fuel lines through which fuel flows from the fuel source to the fuel vaporizer and from the fuel vaporizer to the fuel cell stack. The fuel vaporizer includes a conductive tube through which the fuel flows, the conductive tube being in contact with the housing to conduct heat from the housing to the fuel to vaporize the fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 16, 2023
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2024
    Assignee: Adaptive Energy, LLC
    Inventors: Thomas Westrich, Christopher Ridgard
  • Patent number: 11896030
    Abstract: The disclosure describes methods for the purification of protein-enriched extracts to provide concentrates and isolates and methods for incorporation of such materials into products. The purification methods are adapted for removal of one or more of ash, metal salts, alkaloids, particulates, heavy metals, and other impurities and/or contaminants from extracts, as well as modifying the sensory characteristics (e.g., odor, color, and/or taste characteristics) of extracts. The methods generally include diafiltration, treatment with functionalized resins, and supercritical extraction. A protein composition in the form of a concentrate or isolate is provided, the protein composition including RuBisCO, F2 fraction proteins, or combination thereof extracted from a plant of the Nicotiana species, wherein the protein composition is characterized by one or more of: an ash content of less than about 15% by weight; a nicotine content of less than about 10 ?g/g, and a heavy metal content of less than about 60 ?g/g.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 8, 2015
    Date of Patent: February 13, 2024
    Assignee: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
    Inventors: Anthony Richard Gerardi, Crystal Dawn Hege Byrd, Thaddeus Jude Jackson, Chelsea Allison Cooke, John-Paul Mua, Kyle Ford
  • Patent number: 11828468
    Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods that are useful for controlling one or more aspects of a power production plant. More particularly, the disclosure relates to power production plants and methods of carrying out a power production method utilizing different fuel chemistries. Combustion of the different fuel mixtures can be controlled so that a defined set of combustion characteristics remains substantially constant across a range of different fuel chemistries.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 12, 2021
    Date of Patent: November 28, 2023
    Assignee: 8 Rivers Capital, LLC
    Inventors: Xijia Lu, Jeremy Eron Fetvedt, Peter Michael McGroddy
  • Patent number: 11603503
    Abstract: This invention is related to an additive composition comprising metal-based quantum clusters (QCs) dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium. The additive composition is useful as a fuel additive, as it acts as a combustion improver for liquid and gaseous fuels. The invention describes a process for the synthesis of the additive composition comprising metal-based materials in atomic cluster form in hydrocarbon dispersible medium. The stable liquid dispersion of the QC has been doped into the hydrocarbon fuels at required concentrations. The measurable flame temperature of the fuels, e.g., commercial LPG on burner has been observed to increase by at least 60-80° C. The flame with high heat through put can be used for efficient cooking, heating, annealing and other high thermal applications. The additive composition may also be used to improve the fuel economy of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 19, 2022
    Date of Patent: March 14, 2023
    Assignee: INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
    Inventors: Koushik Bhowmik, Mukesh Kumar Vyas, Jyoti Ota, Samik Kumar Hait, Vivekanand Kagdiyal, Deepak Saxena, Sankara Sri Venkata Ramakumar
  • Patent number: 11584894
    Abstract: A bio emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus and method using vegetable oil is provided, including an oil tank unit configured to refine a vegetable oil introduced from an oil inlet by using a coagulant agent and a centrifugal decanter; a water tank unit configured to pretreat a water introduced from a water inlet by using a water tank catalyst; a first HHO gas infuser unit configured to introduce nano-bubbles into the water inside the water tank; a mixed oil unit connected to the oil tank unit and the water tank unit, and configured to produce a mixed oil by using an inline mixer; an ionization catalyst unit connected to the mixed oil unit and configured to convert the mixed oil to a bio emulsion fuel by using an ionization catalyst group; and a second HHO gas infuser unit configured to introduce HHO gas into the bio emulsion fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 2021
    Date of Patent: February 21, 2023
    Inventor: James Chun Koh
  • Patent number: 11519344
    Abstract: A method for reducing NOx emissions during operation of an internal combustion engine in commerce which, when burning hydrocarbon fuel as a primary fuel, in the absence of any secondary fuel, has a characteristic stoichiometric ration. The method includes the following: in the absence of electrolytic activity, providing and entraining a quenching species in a gaseous medium and then interacting the quenching species with constituents present during oxidation of the primary fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 24, 2021
    Date of Patent: December 6, 2022
    Inventor: Yaw Obeng
  • Patent number: 11485923
    Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a piston-driven engine blended aviation gasoline composition. Blendstock for automotive gasoline containing an oxygen content in an amount that ranges from 0% by weight to 5.0% by weight and a lead content in an amount that ranges from 0 grams per gallon to 0.05 grams per gallon is blended with an octane enhancer and a pressurant, thereby making the piston-driven engine blended aviation gasoline composition. No additional amount of oxygenate or lead is added to the provided blendstock for automotive gasoline, and the method does not include a step of adding an additional amount of oxygenate or lead to the piston-driven engine blended aviation gasoline composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 27, 2021
    Date of Patent: November 1, 2022
    Assignee: AIRWORTHY AUTOGAS, LLC
    Inventor: Mark Vincent Ellery
  • Patent number: 11349140
    Abstract: Disclosed is an antioxidant for an electrolyte membrane of fuel cells. The antioxidant may include a support including silicon dioxide and having a nanotube shape, and a metal oxide supported on the support.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 27, 2018
    Date of Patent: May 31, 2022
    Assignees: Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Motors Corporation
    Inventors: Jae Jun Ko, Bo Ki Hong, In Yu Park, Hyoung Juhn Kim, So Young Lee, Song I Oh
  • Patent number: 10947469
    Abstract: A bio emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus and method using vegetable oil is provided, including an oil tank unit configured to refine a vegetable oil introduced from an oil inlet by using a coagulant agent and a centrifugal decanter; a water tank unit configured to pretreat a water introduced from a water inlet by using a water tank catalyst; a mixed oil unit connected to the oil tank unit and the water tank unit, and configured to produce a mixed oil by using an inline mixer; and an ionization catalyst unit connected to the mixed oil unit and configured to convert the mixed oil to a bio emulsion fuel by using an ionization catalyst group.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 2019
    Date of Patent: March 16, 2021
    Inventors: James Chun Koh, Shinji Hasegawa
  • Patent number: 10731796
    Abstract: A method for ascertaining the re-starting capability of a vehicle, in particular when parking the vehicle, includes detecting the pressure and the temperature of fuel in a pressurized container, determining a final pressure value of the fuel in the pressurized container, where the final pressure value is an expected pressure of the fuel in the pressurized container after a period of parking of the vehicle, comparing the final pressure value with a minimum pressure value in order to ascertain whether the vehicle is capable of re-starting after the parking period, and generating a warning signal when the final pressure value is lower than the minimum pressure value.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 11, 2019
    Date of Patent: August 4, 2020
    Assignee: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventor: Andreas Pelger
  • Patent number: 10330067
    Abstract: A chemical scavenging component includes a porous body that has a radical-scavenging material. The radical-scavenging material has a composition of, by weight, greater than 50% of cerium oxide that is chemically active with regard to oxygen-containing radicals.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 2, 2018
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2019
    Assignee: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
    Inventors: Susanne M. Opalka, Haralambos Cordatos
  • Patent number: 9447326
    Abstract: An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass is discussed. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 2014
    Date of Patent: September 20, 2016
    Assignee: Sundrop Fuels, Inc.
    Inventors: Francis Michael Ferraro, Jerrod Wayne Hohman, Robert S. Ampulski
  • Publication number: 20150047252
    Abstract: A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 17, 2014
    Publication date: February 19, 2015
    Inventor: David Goerz, JR.
  • Patent number: 8870981
    Abstract: An additive composition for a fuel comprises: (i) a metal compound selected from an iron compound, a manganese compound, a calcium compound, a cerium compound and mixtures thereof; (ii) an organic compound selected from a bicyclic monoterpene, substituted bicyclic monoterpene, adamantane, propylene carbonate and mixtures thereof; and (iii) a stabilizer. The additive composition allows fuels which are prone to separation, for example blended fuels or fuels having a high content of asphaltenes, to be used successfully.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 14, 2012
    Date of Patent: October 28, 2014
    Assignee: Innospec Limited
    Inventors: Miltiades Papachristos, Ian Malcolm McRobbie, Deepak Kamran
  • Patent number: 8852300
    Abstract: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine combusting hydrocarbon fuel having a lithium conditioned combustion chamber for reduced carbon oxide engine emissions. The condition chamber is formed by combusting therein a hydrocarbon fuel containing a lithium salt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 28, 2010
    Date of Patent: October 7, 2014
    Inventor: Harry R. Taplin, Jr.
  • Publication number: 20140259889
    Abstract: The processes and systems herein described enable the use of CO2 to handle heavy oil fractions. A significant reduction in the requisite energy to maintain such a fuel in fluid form is attained. The energy reduction from herein described residue handling systems facilitate increased combustion plant efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions. The residue handling system is useful in refineries, power generation plants and other processes utilizing heavy oil residues as a feed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 17, 2014
    Publication date: September 18, 2014
    Applicant: SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY
    Inventors: Tidjani NIASS, Mourad Victor YOUNES
  • Patent number: 8834583
    Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 18, 2012
    Date of Patent: September 16, 2014
    Assignee: James K. and Mary A. Sanders Family LLC
    Inventors: Richard W. Tock, Arlene Hernandez, James Kenneth Sanders, Duck Joo Yang
  • Publication number: 20140223808
    Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reforming fuel by adding water to a fuel oil and a manufacturing apparatus is provided, the method and the apparatus comprising of preprocessing water in a water tank, aerating the water simultaneously in the water tank using the air previously processed by passing through ceramic catalyst, passing the water to an ultrasonic and electric field chamber, preprocessing fuel oil in a fuel oil tank with the catalyst, mixing the pre-processed water and fuel oil in a mixing chamber to produce a reforming fuel oil and passing the reforming fuel oil through one or a plurality of combination chambers.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 28, 2013
    Publication date: August 14, 2014
    Applicant: Bio Hitech Energy Co.
    Inventor: Shinji Hasegawa
  • Patent number: 8795925
    Abstract: The fuel composition for a fuel cell for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes a fuel, water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heteropoly acid. The fuel may be a hydrocarbon fuel. The hydrogen peroxide may be present in an amount of 10 wt % to 60 wt % based on the weight of the mixture of the fuel, water, and the hydrogen peroxide. The heteropoly acid may be present in an amount of 0.0001 parts to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the fuel, water, and hydrogen peroxide. The fuel composition may reduce a reforming reaction temperature and also hydrogen generating efficiency and resultantly provides a high power cell.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 6, 2007
    Date of Patent: August 5, 2014
    Assignee: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: In-Hyuk Son
  • Publication number: 20140196360
    Abstract: Glass microparticles and/or glass nanoparticles have been developed for use as: reflective paints; abrasive papers/wheels; flame retardant paints; thermal insulation for aggregates, self-cleaning building materials, absorbent of oils, diesel, gasoline, brake fluids, transmission fluids, ethanol, methanol, and acetone; cosmetics (lipstick, foundation, etc.), medicated dental implant, and targeted drug delivery systems.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 15, 2014
    Publication date: July 17, 2014
    Inventor: Kamal Sarkar
  • Patent number: 8715377
    Abstract: Liquid suspensions are disclosed comprising a suspending medium, small particles of biomass, and small particles of an inorganic material. The inorganic material stabilizes the suspension, so that it may be transported by pipeline or tank car without developing a sediment. The suspension may be used in manufacturing a bio-fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 2007
    Date of Patent: May 6, 2014
    Assignee: KiOR, Inc.
    Inventors: Paul O'Connor, Sjoerd Daamen
  • Publication number: 20140047763
    Abstract: In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 23, 2013
    Publication date: February 20, 2014
    Inventors: Shrikar Chakravarti, Raymond Francis Drnevich, Dante Patrick Bonaquist, Gregory Panuccio
  • Publication number: 20130326937
    Abstract: For increasing the concentration of stable water clusters in water solution an external electric field is applied to provide an alignment of electric dipole moments of the stable water clusters and for growing of the latter, the water solution with the stable water clusters is subjected to vigorous shaking by ultrasound to break the stable water clusters into a greater number of smaller stable water clusters, and products are produced with increased concentration of the stable water clusters.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 14, 2013
    Publication date: December 12, 2013
    Applicant: D & Y Laboratories
    Inventors: Shui Yin Lo, David L. Gann
  • Publication number: 20130312384
    Abstract: An on-board Flex-Fuel H2 Generator provides devices and the methods of operating these devices to produce H2 and CO from hydrocarbons and bio-fuels. One or more parallel autothermal reformers are used to convert the fuels into H2 over the Pt group metal catalysts without external heat and power. The produced reformate is then cooled and the dry gas is compressed and stored in vessels at a pressure between 1 to 100 atmospheres. For this system, the pressure of the storage vessels and the flow control curves are used directly to control the amount of the reformers' reformate output. To improve thermal efficiency of a mobile vehicle or a distributed power generator, portion of the reformate from the storage vessels is used to mix with the primary fuels and air as part of a lean burn fuel mixture for the engine/gas turbine.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 22, 2013
    Publication date: November 28, 2013
    Inventor: Herng Shinn Hwang
  • Publication number: 20130298448
    Abstract: An additive for water-added bio fuel of the present invention includes: sodium hypochlorite; sodium hydroxide; hydrochloric acid; magnesium chloride; and calcium hydroxide, and makes the water soluble in the fuel oil. Further, a method of producing an additive for water-added bio fuel of the present invention includes: a step of agitating and mixing by putting sodium hydroxide into a solution of sodium hypochlorite; a step of agitating and mixing by putting magnesium chloride and calcium hydroxide into a solution of sodium hypochlorite; and a step of agitating and mixing the two types of solutions.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 14, 2011
    Publication date: November 14, 2013
    Applicant: KYORITSU PLASTIC SEISAKUSHO
    Inventor: Yasushi Furukawa
  • Publication number: 20130269243
    Abstract: A fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine comprising at least one liquid fuel and at least one gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having an effective solubility in the liquid fuel at twenty degrees Celsius and one atmosphere in the range of 0.0000001 g/kg to 0.0002 g/kg, wherein dispersion of the gaseous fuel within the liquid fuel before introduction of the fuel composition to the injection system of the engine is such that molecules of the liquid and gaseous fuels are substantially equidistant one from another, liquid from liquid and gas from gas, within a variance preferably of no more than one hundred percent (±100%), more preferably of no more than fifty percent (±50%), and most preferably of no more than twenty-five percent (±25%), whereby the fuel composition is substantially homogeneous so as to promote the atomization of the liquid fuel and thus improve combustion.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 10, 2013
    Publication date: October 17, 2013
    Inventor: Morten A. Lund
  • Patent number: 8545577
    Abstract: An aviation fuel composition contains an aviation fuel and nano-sized zinc particles. Examples of nano-sized zinc particles include nano-sized metallic zinc particles, nano-sized zinc oxide particles, and nano-sized zinc peroxide particles. The aviation fuel composition can be made by combining an aviation fuel and nano-sized zinc particles. The aviation fuel composition can be used to improve combustion in an aircraft engine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 1, 2013
    Assignee: James K. and Mary A. Sanders Family LLC
    Inventors: Richard W. Tock, Arlene Hernandez, James Kenneth Sanders, Duck Joo Yang
  • Publication number: 20130247454
    Abstract: A radiant heat chemical reactor is configured to generate chemical products including synthesis gas products. Two or more tubes in the radiant heat chemical reactor separate an exothermic heat source, such as flames and gas from a regenerative burner, from the endothermic reaction of the reactant gas occurring within the cavity of the refractory vessel. The exothermic heat source heats a space inside the tubes. One or more feed lines supply chemical reactants to the cavity area between an inner wall of the cavity of the refractory vessel of the chemical reactor and the two or more tubes that are internally heated located with the cavity.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 26, 2012
    Publication date: September 26, 2013
    Applicant: SUNDROP FUELS, INC.
    Inventors: Timothy E. Laska, John T. Turner
  • Patent number: 8470058
    Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to the use of low concentration additives comprising a terpene and a cetane improver in diesel fuel to rapidly promote fuel atomization and air mixing in the combustion chamber and thereby increase the fuel efficiency and reduce harmful NOx and particulate exhaust emissions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 10, 2011
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2013
    Assignee: Best Tech Brands LLC
    Inventor: Raymond Edward Paggi
  • Patent number: 8460404
    Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising a dispersion comprising (a) an inorganic metal compound, (b) a quaternary salt surfactant and (c) an organic medium, wherein the metal compounds are uniformly dispersed in the organic medium. The invention also provides fuel compositions comprising said dispersion and methods of operating internal combustion engines and open flame burners utilizing said dispersion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 11, 2009
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2013
    Assignee: The Lubrizol Corporation
    Inventor: Claire L. Hollingshurst
  • Publication number: 20130125454
    Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for enriching a hydrocarbon fuel for use in an internal combustion engine, the process comprising: (i) contacting a hydrocarbon fuel with a gas stream containing hydrogen gas such that at least some of the hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrocarbon fuel to produce an enriched hydrocarbon fuel; and optionally (ii) delivering the enriched hydrocarbon fuel to an internal combustion engine. The present invention further provides a device for use in the process.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 9, 2010
    Publication date: May 23, 2013
    Applicant: ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGIES UK LIMITED
    Inventors: David Charles Collin Lewis, Christopher Leonard Smith, John Richard Lister
  • Publication number: 20130111807
    Abstract: According to one embodiment, a process for treating an organic feedstock is disclosed. The organic feedstock including a convertible component is preprocessed to increase the concentration of the convertible component. The organic feedstock is processed to convert at least a portion of the convertible component to a fuel and the fuel is extracted from the organic feedstock.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 5, 2011
    Publication date: May 9, 2013
    Applicant: BHT GLOBAL HOLDINGS LIMITED
    Inventor: Christopher Francis Bathurst
  • Publication number: 20130025192
    Abstract: A solar thermochemical processing system is disclosed. The system includes a first unit operation for receiving concentrated solar energy. Heat from the solar energy is used to drive the first unit operation. The first unit operation also receives a first set of reactants and produces a first set of products. A second unit operation receives the first set of products from the first unit operation and produces a second set of products. A third unit operation receives heat from the second unit operation to produce a portion of the first set of reactants.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 26, 2012
    Publication date: January 31, 2013
    Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
    Inventors: Robert S. Wegeng, Paul H. Humble, Shankar Krishnan, Steven D. Leith, Daniel R. Palo
  • Publication number: 20120297665
    Abstract: A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 29, 2012
    Publication date: November 29, 2012
    Inventor: David J. GOERZ, JR.
  • Publication number: 20120264662
    Abstract: This invention relates to functionalized monomers. The functionalized monomer may be reacted with an enophilic reagent (e.g., maleic anhydride) to form an enophilic reagent modified functionalized monomer. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents, functional compositions (e.g., food products, cleaners, etc.), and the like.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 23, 2012
    Publication date: October 18, 2012
    Inventors: Stephen A. DiBiase, Syed Q.A. Rizvi, Georgeta Hategan
  • Patent number: 8287607
    Abstract: A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methyisobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 4, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 16, 2012
    Inventors: Robert Wilfred Carroll, Noel Carroll, William F. Carroll, Michael Carroll
  • Patent number: 8282693
    Abstract: The invention provides a method of operating a thermal installation comprising a combustion chamber fed with a fuel contaminated with vanadium, with sulphur and possibly with sodium. In particular, the combustion chamber is also fed with boron and with magnesium, in quantities such that the sodium molar ratio s=Na2SO4/V2O5, the magnesium molar ratio m=MgO/V2O5 and the boron molar ratio b=B2O3/V2O5 satisfy the equation m?3+2b?s, so that the combustion products comprise magnesium orthovanadate, mixed magnesium boron oxide and possibly sodium borate. The invention also provides for the use of such a method to inhibit corrosion of the thermal installation by vanadium oxide, possibly in the presence of sodium.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 17, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 9, 2012
    Assignee: GE Energy Products France SNC
    Inventors: Michel Moliere, Emmanuel Rocca, Lionel Aranda, Aurelie Chiaravalle
  • Publication number: 20120159841
    Abstract: Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydro genation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 8, 2010
    Publication date: June 28, 2012
    Applicant: THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION
    Inventors: Liang-Shih Fan, Fanxing Li, Liang Zeng
  • Patent number: 8197558
    Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 9, 2009
    Date of Patent: June 12, 2012
    Assignee: Syracuse University
    Inventors: Lawrence L. Tavlarides, Gheorghe Anitescu
  • Patent number: 8192511
    Abstract: A method of burning fuel in a combustion chamber whereby reducing overall carbon emissions, comprising: feeding an oxidizing component and a combustible component to a combustion chamber in a ratio based on zero oxygen balance principle, wherein the oxidizing component has an oxygen balance value of more than zero, and the combustible component has an oxygen balance value of less than zero. The method of burning fuel can reduce overall carbon emissions, even to zero.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 30, 2009
    Date of Patent: June 5, 2012
    Inventor: Pichang Wei
  • Publication number: 20120124899
    Abstract: A process for making cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing at least one transition metal (M) utilizes a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles prepared by mechanical shearing of an aqueous mixture containing an oxidant in an amount effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product stream that contains transition metal-containing cerium dioxide nanoparticles, Ce1-xMxO2, wherein “x” has a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8. The nanoparticles thus obtained have a cubic fluorite structure, a mean hydrodynamic diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 4 nm. The transition metal-containing crystalline cerium dioxide nanoparticles can be used to prepare a dispersion of the particles in a nonpolar medium.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 17, 2008
    Publication date: May 24, 2012
    Inventors: Albert Gary Difrancesco, Thomas D. Allston, Richard K. Hailstone, Andreas Langner, Linda Langner, Kenneth J. Reed
  • Patent number: 8182555
    Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: May 22, 2012
    Inventors: Richard W. Tock, Arlene Hernandez, James Kenneth Sanders, Duck Joo Yang
  • Patent number: 8182554
    Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and nano-sized zinc oxide particles. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve cold start performance of internal combustion engines or lower a flash point temperature of a liquid fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2009
    Date of Patent: May 22, 2012
    Inventors: Richard William Tock, James Kenneth Sanders, Duck Joo Yang
  • Patent number: 8163044
    Abstract: A fuel additive is disclosed which comprises a suspension of nanoparticle oxides in a fuel miscible liquid carrier, which suspension may be colloidal or otherwise. Methods for enhancing combustion and fuel economy and reducing emissions by employing said fuel additive are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 2009
    Date of Patent: April 24, 2012
    Inventor: John C. Mills
  • Patent number: 8152871
    Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a fuel source including a chemical hydride and at least one reactive metal source selected from the group consisting of a reactive metal, a reactive metalloid and a combination thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 19, 2008
    Date of Patent: April 10, 2012
    Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
    Inventor: Stuart M. Davis
  • Patent number: 8147566
    Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 2, 2007
    Date of Patent: April 3, 2012
    Inventors: James A. Krogh, Robert A. Swenson, Clifford J. Hazel, Ian V. Williamson
  • Patent number: 8123823
    Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersion composition containing (a) a metal base selected from the group consisting of: (i) a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 51 wt % of the composition; (ii) a metal base other than a metal hydroxide with a solids content of greater than about 15 wt % of the composition; and (iii) mixtures thereof; (b) a surfactant; and (c) an organic medium containing less than about 2 wt % of water. The invention further provides a process for preparing the composition and a method for its use.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2005
    Date of Patent: February 28, 2012
    Assignee: The Lurbizol Corporation
    Inventors: David Hobson, Benjamin Boulay, Alexander F. Psaila
  • Publication number: 20120017496
    Abstract: This invention relates to a hydroprocessing process with improved catalyst activity when hydroprocessing petroleum based feedstock or an oxygen containing feedstock. This invention also relates to a hydrotreating process with improved hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of a hydrotreating catalyst such as Co/Mo by co-feeding carbon monoxide or its precursors. Such inventive process confirms that adding a small amount of CO to H2 in a hydrotreater for a few days leads to an increase in product sulfur due to the inhibition of CO on the hydrotreating catalyst such as Co/Mo. However, it has been unexpectedly found that after the CO was removed from the hydrogen stream, product sulfur levels decreased to values below they were before CO addition which means the activity of the hydrotreating catalyst increased after the CO treatment.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 1, 2011
    Publication date: January 26, 2012
    Applicant: CONOCOPHILLIPS COMPANY
    Inventors: Jianhua YAO, Dhananjay B. GHONASGI, Xiaochun XU, Larry D. SWINNEY
  • Publication number: 20120017497
    Abstract: The invention relates to a method for utilizing biomass, wherein the following steps are performed: First, at least one raw material containing carbon is thermally gasified. In a next step, the synthesis gas produced in the gasification is purified. During said purification, the temperature of the synthesis gas is changed. Then the synthesis gas is preferably converted into a liquid fuel by means of a catalyzed chemical reaction, wherein a straw-like biomass is selected as the raw material containing carbon, the gasification is performed in a fixed bed reactor, and the ash-softening temperature of the straw-like raw material is increased by adding at least one alkaline-earth salt.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 3, 2010
    Publication date: January 26, 2012
    Inventors: Helmut Kammerloher, Sven Johannssen, Van Cung Tran
  • Publication number: 20120015853
    Abstract: Overbased MgO dispersions with high magnesium content and acceptably low viscosities are reproducibly prepared without gel formation by heating to 280-360° C. a mixture of MgO, selected dispersants, low MW carboxylic acids, water and a combination of high boiling hydrocarbon and organic diluent, wherein water is more than 8%, typically more than 10% of the reaction mixture. No additional solubilizing or dispersing agents, promoters or reactants such as carbon dioxide, amines, alcohols etc are needed to obtain the desired dispersions. Compositions such as lubricating oils and fuels containing the overbased magnesium dispersions as additives are also disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 23, 2011
    Publication date: January 19, 2012
    Applicant: CHEMTURA CORPORATION
    Inventors: Qinggao Ma, Cyril A. Migdal, Kirk A. Schlup, John-Louis DiFlavio, Ronald J. Muir