Abstract: An acoustic ceiling panel for a lay-in or suspended ceiling includes a core portion, and front and rear layers covering front and rear sides, respectively, of the core portion. The air flow resistance of the core portion does not exceed about 100 MKS rayls. The air flow resistance of the front layer lies in the range of about 300 to about 800 MKS rayls. The air flow resistance of the rear layer lies in the range of about 300 to about 1200 MKS rayls. The panel would be supported on a grid suspended below a structural ceiling to form an air space therebetween.

Abstract: An elastic nonwoven composite that contains an elastic film laminated to one or more nonwoven web materials is provided. The composite is formed by passing the film through a nip to bond the film to the nonwoven web material(s). Concurrent with bond formation, apertures are also formed in the elastic film. The apertures are of a size sufficient to provide a desired level of texture, softness, hand feel, and/or aesthetic appeal to the composite without having a significant adverse effect on its elastic properties. Aperture and bond formation are accomplished in the present invention by selectively controlling certain parameters of the lamination process, such as film content, bonding pattern, degree of film tension, bonding conditions, etc.

Abstract: A hood, dash, firewall or engine cover liner is provided for a vehicle. The liner includes a nonlaminate acoustical and thermal insulating layer of polymer fiber that shows no signs of any thickness increase, delamination, deterioration or any undesirable effect which may affect performance for at least 330 hours when maintained at a temperature of at least approximately 150° C. The liner may include a relatively high density, nonlaminate skin of polymer fiber and/or one or more facing layers constructed from polymer material.

Abstract: A water-absorbent sheet structure comprises a structure in which an absorbent layer comprising a water-absorbent resin and an adhesive is sandwiched with nonwoven fabrics from an upper side and a lower side of the absorbent layer, wherein the water-absorbent resin is contained in an amount of from 100 to 1,000 g/m2, and wherein a mass-average particle size of the water-absorbent resin is from 50 to 800 ?m, and wherein a particle size rate index of the water-absorbent resin is 0.12 s/?m or less, and wherein the water-absorbent sheet structure has a peeling strength of from 0.05 to 3.0 N/7 cm.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an article that includes a nonwoven substrate, a first film supported by the nonwoven substrate, and a second film such that the first film is between the nonwoven substrate and the second film. The first film includes a first polymer and a pore-forming filler. The difference between a surface energy of the first film and a surface energy of the nonwoven substrate is at most about 10 mN/m. The second film includes a second polymer capable of absorbing and desorbing moisture and providing a barrier to aqueous fluids.

Abstract: A waterproof, vapor-permeable and air-permeable sheet material. The sheet material includes a waterproof microporous polymer substrate and a microporous thermoplastic coating layer attached to the polymer substrate. The thermoplastic coating layer is vapor-permeable and air-permeable. The thermoplastic coating layer is at least partially interpenetrated into pores of the polymer substrate forming an interface that prevents passage of water droplets, while permitting passage of water vapor and air, when a chemical is present on the sheet material that would otherwise cause the polymer substrate to permit passage of water droplets. The interface is resistant to chemical interference with at least the waterproof property of the sheet material.

Abstract: Described are protective and/or ballistic resistant articles made from one or more layers of fabric bound to one or more layers of a machine direction oriented film. The described articles exhibit excellent abrasion resistance. The articles include those made using woven and/or non-woven fabrics such as unidirectional fabrics. Methods for producing ballistic-resistant articles using woven and/or non-woven fabrics and machine direction oriented film are also described.

Abstract: A biodegradable and renewable film that may be employed in a wide variety of applications is provided. The film is formed from a thermoplastic composition that contains at least one starch and at least one plant protein. Even at a high renewable material content, the present inventors have discovered that films may be readily formed from plant proteins and starches by selectively controlling the individual amount of the starch and plant proteins, the nature of the starch and plant proteins, and other components used in the film. Balancing the amount of starches and plant proteins within a certain range, for instance, can reduce the likelihood of plant protein aggregation and enhance the ability of the composition to be melt processed. The composition also contains at least one plasticizer that improves the thermoplastic nature of the protein and starch components. The selection of the plasticizer may also help reduce the tendency of the plant protein to aggregate during melt processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flooring system consisting of a slab (or base) floor, a floor covering, and a composite underlayment extending between the slab floor and floor covering. The composite underlayment may include, for example, one or more set gypsum layers with embedded fibrous mats. An exterior plastic coating is mechanically adhered to an underlying set gypsum layer. The plastic coating chemically bonds and cross-links with polymer additives within the set gypsum core. The result is an underlayment that is a fully integrated polymer matrix with greatly improved durability and surface strength with only minimal increases in cost or weight.

Abstract: A composite includes a first preform and a second preform spaced from and in overlying relationship to the first preform. The second preform defines at least one first opening extending therethrough along an axis transverse to the first preform. A first surface layer is disposed adjacent to the second preform and on an opposite side of the second preform from the first preform. A polymeric composition including the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component is disposed between the first preform and the second preform. The polymeric composition adheres the first surface layer to the second preform through the at least one first opening. The surface layer is adhered to the second preform during molding of the composite article and in the absence of additional adhesive, thereby reducing production time and cost of the composite article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silo covers comprising at least two layers, wherein an inner first layer facing the silo is a single- or multi-ply plastic film having oxygen permeability according to DIN 53380-3 at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity of no more than 500 cm3/(m2 d bar) and a water vapor transmission rate according to ISO 15106-3 at 23 ° C. and 85% relative humidity of at least 5 g/(m2 d), and in at least one ply in total contains at least 50% by weight of one or more materials from the group comprising polyamide, copolyamide, polyester, copolyester, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof, and at least one second layer, which is located on top of the inner layer and is separate from the inner layer, or easy to separate therefrom, or self-separating on the silo, composed of at least 70% by weight of materials from the group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and other vinyl monomers, and copolymers made of propylene and other vinyl monomers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a breathable multi-microlayer film material that includes a plurality of alternating coextruded first and second microlayers, wherein the first microlayers comprise an unfilled first polymer composition, and further wherein the second microlayers comprise a second polymer composition and filler particles. The multi-microlayer films may be used in disposable absorbent products, have increased breathability, and generally retain their integrity and strength during processing and use.

Abstract: A reflective insulation system. The reflective insulation system includes a reflective layer such as aluminum, a layer of fiberglass, and a layer of vapor retarding material. A first side of the layer of fiberglass is bonded to the reflective layer by a deposit of hot melt glue. The second side of the layer of fiberglass is bonded to the layer of vapor retarding material by a second deposit of hot melt glue. The vapor retarding layer may be a plastic material, such as polypropylene or a reflective material, such as aluminum. In an alternate construction, the reflective layer has a transverse dimension that is narrower than the vapor retarding material such that edge portions of the reflective layer are spaced inwardly with respect to edges of said vapor retarder material. A strip of adhesive tape, preferably foil tape, overlies and secures edge portions of the reflective and vapor retarder layers.

Abstract: A layered structure of inflatable pad includes at least one thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film and at least one nonwoven fabric sheet, which are laminated together through application of heat and pressure by a laminating machine. The TPU film is formed by first synthesizing TPU particles with diisocyanate and polyol, heating and melting the particles to a fluid form, and then blow-molding the fluid by a blow-molding machine to form a thin film having a thickness of 0.012-0.2 mm. The layered structure formed by laminating the TPU film and the nonwoven fabric sheet is of a reduced extendibility and increased tensile strength due to the inherent excellent tensile strength of the nonwoven fabric. The layered structure may then be processed by a high-frequency machine or a thermal bonding machine to form various inflatable pads to improve the use comfortableness of the inflatable pads.

Abstract: A barrier fabric with a nano-fibrous layer for mechanical retention of organic substances, wherein it is formed by a sandwich structure containing a basic material from unwoven fabric of “spunbond” type with areal weight of 15 to 50 g/m2 to which at least one nano-fibrous layer is arranged, selected from the group comprising a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic polymer, or in the case of double-layer arrangement, a combination of the hydrophilic polymer in one layer and the hydrophobic polymer in the other layer, and where the nano-fibrous layer is equipped with a protective covering layer, and where the individual layers of the sandwich are connected to each other, and where the nano-fibrous layer used as a barrier against penetration of allergens produced by the dust mites through the upholstery material of mattresses, pillows, bedclothes or soft furnishings, is created by an organic polymer material with areal weight of 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel chemical resistant, film forming, and moisture vapor permeable ionomers, including specialized polyurethane ionomers, polyurea ionomers, polyamide ionomers, polyester ionomers, or a mixture of the said ionomers, having high content of covalent-bonded ionic groups, total >100 milli-equivalents per 100 gram of ionomers. These specialized ionomers have low noxious chemical crossover rate, high moisture vapor transmission rate, hydrolytically stable in humid environment, and capable of forming thin films.

Abstract: A pad element may include a base member, a pair of cover layers, and a plurality of insert elements. The base member defines a plurality of apertures. The cover layers are secured to opposite surfaces of the base member and extend across the apertures. The insert elements are located within the apertures and between the cover layers. As examples, the base member and the insert elements may be formed from polymer foam materials, and the cover layers may be formed from textile materials. The pad element may be utilized to attenuate impact forces and provide one or more of breathability, flexibility, a relatively low overall mass, and launderability.

Abstract: A method making an elastic nonwoven composite that contains an elastic film laminated to one or more nonwoven web materials is provided. The method includes forming an elastic film from a polymer composition and passing the film and a nonwoven web material, the nonwoven material having a basis weight from about 5 gsm to about 30 gsm, through a nip formed by at least one patterned roll. The patterned roll includes raised bonding elements repeating in the machine direction, the elements being spaced in the machine direction by less than about 760 micrometers. At the nip, the film and the nonwoven web material are concurrently melt fused while the film is under tension at a stretch ratio of about 1.5 or more in the machine direction.

Abstract: A method of producing composites useful for the formation of armor and armor sub-assembly intermediates. More particularly, improved ballistic resistant composites and a method for the production of ballistic resistant composites and armor sub-assembly intermediates from composites that have resin-poor surfaces resulting from the non-uniform impregnation polymeric binder materials in fiber layers.

Abstract: An insulation package and method of formation including a functional layer, a breathable water repellant insulating layer, and a highly breathable microporous membrane layer having a network of pores. The functional fabric, the highly breathable insulating layer and the microporous membrane layer are laminated to one another to form a waterproof breathable insulated fabric.

Abstract: A stretch laminate includes a first layer including an elastomer film, the first layer having a surface, and a second layer including a nonwoven material, the second layer having a basis weight of less than about 25 gsm and a surface that is attached to the surface of the first layer. The elastomer film has a strength of an engineering tensile strength, at an engineering strain rate of about 600/s, of at least one of about greater than about 14 MPa for a plain specimen or about greater than about 7 MPa for a notched specimen. A method of making the stretch laminate and an absorbent article having at least one region defined by the stretch laminate are also provided.

Abstract: A film that is formed from a biodegradable polymer blend of different aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters is provided. More specifically, the blend contains a first copolyester formed from a terephthalic acid monomer. The use of a terephthalic acid monomer results in a polymer chain containing 1,4-(para-) terephthalate units linked in a generally linear configuration (e.g., ˜180°). The blend also contains a second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester formed from a phthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid monomer. The use of such a monomer results in a polymer chain containing 1,2-(ortho-) and/or 1,3-(meta-) linked units. The inclusion of 1,2-(ortho-) and/or 1,3-(meta-) linked units into the polymer backbone of the second copolyester introduces an angle or “kink” (e.g., ˜120° kink for a 1,3-linkage) into the otherwise linear polymer chain. The “kinks” in the second copolyester backbone reduce its melting point and degree of crystallinity, which have an influence on its physical properties (e.g.

Abstract: An absorbent article of the present invention may comprise a topsheet, an outer cover, and an absorbent core disposed therebetween. The outer cover may comprise an extrusion bonded laminate. The EBL may comprise a multi-layer coextruded elastomeric film and a nonwoven. The film may comprise a core layer, a first outer layer, and a second outer layer, wherein the core layer is between the first and second outer layers. The nonwoven may comprise fibers and/or filaments. The first outer layer may be non-adhesively joined to the nonwoven via extrusion coating. Further, the outer cover may be elastic to at least about 50% engineering strain. The nonwoven may have high chemical affinity for the first outer layer. The first outer layer may have a low chemical affinity for the core layer; and the multi-layer coextruded elastomeric film may have a basis weight no greater than about 40 gsm.

Abstract: The present invention includes a neck-bonded laminate and a process for forming a neck-bonded elastic laminate, the laminate including a primary elastic region and a secondary elastic region. An exemplary process for forming the laminate includes providing a necked material and overlaying the necked material with an elastic sheet. The necked material and elastic sheet are passed through a nip between two rollers, the rollers being configured to form a primary elastic region and a secondary elastic region and the secondary elastic region having higher strength than the primary elastic region.

Abstract: The invention provides breathable laminated articles, preferably free from harmful halogens and plasticizers, which can be constructed and arranged to be usable for any application, such as wallcoverings, where breathability and being free from harmful halogens and/or plasticizers is advantageous. For example, the breathable laminated article can be made from a non-woven, breathable backing layer of material, the backing layer having a plurality of microprojections on a first side, coupled along the first side to a top layer, where the top layer may or may not be breathable, to form an assembly. This assembly has at least one variation formed in the level of the surface of the first side of the first layer, wherein the variation in level is formed such that the microprojections penetrate at least a portion of the top layer to form microapertures that improve the breathability of the top layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonwoven substrate comprising a fibrous web defining a surface; and a layer of a benefit agent wherein said benefit agent is selected from an additive composition, an enhancement component and combinations thereof; wherein said benefit agent is frothed and bonded to the fibrous web surface through a creping process. Additionally, the present invention provides for a method of creping a nonwoven substrate and also provides for a nonwoven substrate comprising an adhesive film of an aqueous, frothed, benefit agent.

Abstract: A fabric having a base layer of a textile made from yarns of a biodegradable polymer, and a visible layer having a biodegradable film that is placed on the base layer as a separate layer, the yarns of the textile being multifilament yarns with a strength of more than 40 cN/tex measured according to DIN EN ISO 2062.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a molded part, in particular, to an interior panel component for a motor vehicle, having a core layer comprising a mixture of natural or synthetic fibers and thermoplastic binding fibers, which are processed to form a nonwoven, and a thermoplastic cover layer, the core layer and the cover layer being fused together and the cover layer being such that the molded part has a visible surface, which is terminated by the cover layer, the visual appearance of the visible surface being at least shaped by the fibers of the core layer. The present invention furthermore relates to the manufacturing of a molded part in which the nonwoven of the core layer is warmed and pre-compressed in a contact heater, and the compressed nonwoven, together with the cover layer is introduced into a mold and recast.

Abstract: An article comprises a first layer which includes a substrate and a nucleophilic organic polymer cross-linked on a surface of or within the substrate. The cross-linked nucleophilic polymer comprises functional groups operative to form a covalent bond with a chemical or biological agent. The first layer also includes reactive particles located on a surface of or within the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to high surface area materials, such as nanoparticles, that are coated with metal ions. These modified nanoparticles have active sites that bind various gases and/or odorous compounds, thereby removing these compounds from a medium such as air or water. Metal ions are adsorbed onto the surface of the nanoparticle and bound strongly to the surface. By selection of the metal ion, specific gaseous compounds and/or odorous compounds can be targeted and removed efficiently and effectively from both aqueous phase and from the air. The modified nanoparticles are useful in numerous article of manufacture for industrial and consumer use.

Abstract: A magnetic reinforcing composition as a material for forming a reinforcing sheet, the magnetic reinforcing composition comprising a ferromagnetic filler and an epoxy resin mixture comprising a low molecular weight epoxy resin and a high molecular weight epoxy resin; a method of making the magnetic reinforcing composition; a reinforcing sheet comprising the magnetic reinforcing composition; a method of making the reinforcing sheet; a reinforced substrate comprising the reinforcing sheet on a side of a substrate; and a method of reinforcing a substrate, including providing the reinforcing sheet on a side of the substrate. A substrate reinforced by the reinforcing sheet comprising the magnetic reinforcing composition exhibits improved properties, such as, for example, having few or no sink marks and high bending or flexural strength.

Abstract: A fire-protecting waterproof moisture-permeable sheet 4 of the present invention is a laminate of at least one fiber sheet 5 and a waterproof moisture-permeable film 7. The fiber sheet 5 is selected from the group consisting of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric and a nonwoven fabric including 50 to 100 weight % of a polyetherimide fiber and 0 to 50 weight % of another flame-retardant fiber. The flame resistance, the heat resistance, and the wash resistance under ISO 11613-1999 as the international performance standards for fireproof clothing are: (1) flame resistance to be free from hole formation, dripping and melting; and to have afterflame time and afterglow time of not more than 2 seconds; (2) heat resistance to be free from firing, separation, dripping and melting; and to have a shrinkage rate of not more than 5%; and (3) washing resistance to have a shrinkage rate of not more than 3%.

Abstract: A laminated sheet comprising a woven or nonwoven fabric comprising glass fibers fixed by a binder, and a fluororesin film laminated on each other, wherein the binder contains a copolymer (A) having repeating units (a1) based on at least one fluoromonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and repeating units (a2) based on at least one non-fluoromonomer selected from the group consisting of a vinyl ether, a vinyl ester, an isopropenyl ether, an isopropenyl ester, an allyl ether and an allyl ester.

Abstract: A water vapor barrier material for a building structure includes a base entangled net material and a composite nonwoven. The composite nonwoven includes a film layer with a nonwoven layer on each side of the film layer. The film layer has a water vapor transmission rate of less than 10.0 g-MIL/100-in2/day at a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 90 percent relative humidity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are overmolded polyamide composites structures and processes for their preparation. The disclosed overmolded composite structures comprise i) a first component having a surface, at least a portion of which is made of a surface resin composition, selected from polyamide compositions comprising a blend of two or more fully aliphatic polyamides having a melting point of at least 250° C., and comprising a fibrous material being impregnated with a matrix resin composition, ii) a second component comprising an overmolding resin composition, adhered to said first component over at least a portion of the surface of said first component, and wherein the matrix resin composition is selected from polyamide compositions comprising a one or more fully aliphatic polyamides having a melting point of at least 250° C.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for modifying the physical characteristics of a web which involves passing the web between at least one pair of interengaged rolls to incrementally stretch the web, and then withdrawing the incrementally stretched web from between the rolls under tension. A web modified according to the disclosed method has desirable breathability and liquid impermeability, as well as extensibility and a soft, cloth-like textured surface. One embodiment of the present invention provides a breathable web comprising a microporous film exhibiting an MVTR of at least about 2000 g/m2/24 hr, a dynamic impact value of less than about 10 g/m2, a bubble pressure at least about 45 psi, and an air flow of at least about 2 liters/m2/s.

Abstract: A noise control flooring system is presented herein for reducing noise transmission in a building structure that contains the system. The system comprises a solid substrate layer, a compressible layer overlying at least a portion of the substrate layer, and an entangled net layer that overlies at least a portion of the compressible layer, wherein the net layer is comprised of multiple polymer filaments and air, together forming a void space. A separation layer overlies at least a portion of the entangled net layer. The separation layer carries a floating solid substrate layer thereupon. This solid substrate layer provides loading for causing the compressible layer to compress into the overlying entangled net layer.

Abstract: A composite panel having bonded nonwoven and biodegradable resinous-fiber layers and method of construction thereof is provided. The panel includes a nonwoven mat including cardboard and heat bondable textile fibers thermally bonded together to a desired thickness. The panel further includes a biodegradable polymeric composition comprising a protein and a first strengthening agent bonded to the mat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores comprising a substrate layer, multicomponent superabsorbent particles and an adhesive, wherein the wet SAP shake-out of superabsorbent particles out of the fluid-absorbent core is less than 10% by weight.

Abstract: A thermoplastic film including a microporous polymeric membrane; and a non-woven web comprising a plurality of fibers, the web being bonded to the microporous polymeric membrane, wherein the fibers comprise oxidation-protective polymer having an MFR ?2.0×102.

Abstract: Fiber coated nonwoven laminates and methods and lines for making the same are disclosed. The fiber coated nonwoven laminates can have a fiber web layer that can range from about 0.01 g/m2 to about 100 g/m2. The lines for forming the nonwoven laminates can include a die body that includes an extruder therein for extruding fibers and a collector disposed below the die body. A substrate feeder can be provided for directing a substrate over the collector between the die body and the collector. The substrate is combinable with the extruded fibers to form the nonwoven laminate. An electric field can be created between the die body and collector to direct the fibers toward the collector as the substrate passes over the collector to collect the fibers on the substrate.

Abstract: Nanosilver for use as a biocide in coated fibrous substrate facers and other construction and/or building substrates, for protection against bacteria (particularly cyanobacteria), fungi, molds, algae and other bio-organisms known to deface and/or adversely affect such building materials. Facers referred to are commonly used in the construction industry as exposed surfaces for insulation and sheathing boards.

Abstract: A breathable laminate has a liquid-resistant backing film layer having varied vapor permeability that includes breathable thinned localized regions and thicker non-breathable regions, wherein the film layer is co-extensively directly joined with a liquid- and vapor-permeable nonwoven fabric. The breathable laminate can have unidirectional air permeability. The present invention also relates to disposable apparel and absorbent products which incorporate the breathable laminate, and methods of making the breathable laminate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing nonwoven/film laminates for personal hygiene articles, from an initial film web consisting of a thermoplastic polymer and an initial nonwoven web. According to said method, the initial film web and the initial nonwoven web, whose melting point lies above the crystallite melting point of the polymer, are heated to a temperature that exceeds the crystallite melting point of the polymer and lies below the melting point of the initial nonwoven web. The laminate is then guided through a cooled nip and is cooled to a temperature that lies below the crystallite melting point of the initial film web. The invention also relates to laminates that can be produced by said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a waterproof material, wherein film layers are set between non-woven fabric layers, an asphalt layer is set between the film layers, and a net reinforcement layer is set within the asphalt layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminated material and a method for making the same. The laminated material includes a main layer, a surface layer and an adhesion layer. The main layer at least includes a first polymer resin. The surface layer is disposed on the main layer, the material of the surface layer is a second polymer resin, and the solid content of the second polymer resin is less than that of the first polymer resin. The adhesion layer is disposed under the main layer, and the material of the adhesion layer is thermoplastic resin which is adhesive when being heated, so that the laminated material can be directly attached to another element, thereby simplifying the process and reducing cost.

Abstract: A paper-based composite comprises an interface layer (1) and a surface layer (2) which is bond on at least one surface of the interface layer (1). The interface layer (1) is made by foaming and curing polyurethane with paper cords (3) which are made by winding paper blended with a resin or adhesive.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for a stretchable film, which achieves a high-level balance between a high elastic modulus and a small permanent set, and can be formed into a stretchable film with satisfactory formability. A composition for a stretchable film comprises a block copolymer composition containing a block copolymer A represented by the following general formula (A) and a block copolymer B represented by the following general formula (B), and a tackifier resin: Ar1a-Da-Ar2a ??(A) (Arb-Db)n-X ??(B), in the general formulas (A) and (B), Ar1a and Arb each represent an aromatic vinyl polymer block having a weight average molecular weight of 6,000 to 20,000; Ar2a represents an aromatic vinyl polymer block having a weight average molecular weight of 40,000 to 400,000; Da and Db each represent a conjugated diene polymer block having a vinyl bond content of 1 mol % to 20 mol %; X represents a single bond or a residue of a coupling agent; and n represents an integer of 2 or greater.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to polyurethane compositions; and more preferably to thermoplastic polyurethane compositions. In one embodiment, the polyurethane compositions of the present invention have high moisture vapor transmission rates and are suitable for film applications (e.g., breathable films). In one embodiment, the polyurethane compositions of the present invention are prepared from the reaction of a mixed polyol component, a polyisocyanate component, a chain extender, and optionally at least one suitable catalyst, wherein the mixed polyol component is formed by a combination of one or more poly(ethylene oxide) polyols and one or more copolymer polyols, where the resulting mixed polyol component comprises from about 3 to about 30 weight percent of a copolymer polyol and about 70 to 97 weight percent of poly(ethylene oxide) polyol.

Abstract: A cloth structure includes a cloth body including a non-woven cloth layer, a water absorbing cotton layer bonded onto the non-woven cloth layer, and a waterproof film layer bonded onto the water absorbing cotton layer. Thus, the cloth body is directly hung on the vertical wall so that the cloth structure can be used to cultivate the plants directly without having to occupy the land so as to reduce usage of the land and to save the cost of cultivation largely.