Abstract: To improve the operation of high-pressure discharge lamps by preventing pature deformation of the end face of an anode due to extremely high temperature, with subsequent vaporization of tungsten material from the electrode and deposition on the bulb or vessel of the high-pressure discharge lamp, the electrode is axially forged, for example by hammering, to compact and change the grain structure of the electrode towards a finer grain than elsewhere in the electrode and increase the hardness of the electrode across the end face surface. Both--higher density and finer grain structure--increase the parameters which characterize the lifetime of electrodes, and hence of the lamp, namely heat conductivity and resistance against deformation under heat stress.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a silicon emission emitter for use as electron sources for various display elements, light sources, high-speed switching devices, and micro-sensors. The method relates to the formation of a tip portion of an emitter and an electron range by using a silicide material having a high melting point and a low work function. The emitter tip and electron range formed by the silicide material is a predetermined distance away from an oxide film, therefore, the emission characteristic of the emitter is efficiently strengthened, and the leakage current is, thereby, reduced due to the prevention of the metallic contamination to the insulating layers.

Abstract: Thin-film edge field emitter devices are provided which are capable of low voltage operation. The method of manufacture of the devices takes advantage of chemical beam deposition and other thin-film fabrication techniques. Both gated and ungated devices are provided and all of the devices include a plurality of thin-films deposited on the side-wall of a non-flat substrate. The gated emitter devices include alternating conductive and electrically insulating layers, and upper parts of the latter are removed to expose the upper edges of the conductive layers, with a central one of these conductive layers comprising an emitter for emitting electrons. The emitter devices can be inexpensively produced with a high degree of precision and reproducibility without the need for expensive lithographic machines. The devices can be used in field emitter arrays employed as vacuum transistors, vacuum microelectronic analog and digital devices, and modulated or cold electron sources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a longlife, resistant spark plug for internal combustion engines. The electrode (16), according to the invention, of the spark plug is assembled from a plurality of initial parts: an initial part for a corrosion-resistant shell (31'), an initial part for a core (33') of high thermal conductivity, and an initial part for an erosion-resistant region (32'). These initial parts are jointly impact-extruded to form an electrode blank which is formed into the center electrode (16) by machining its head (51) and its region on the combustion-chamber side. Electrodes which are especially highly stressed are given a fourth initial part, which is also to be impact-extruded, consists of highly erosion-resistant material and is still arranged on the combustion-chamber side in front of the erosion-resistant region (32'). The electrode (16) can be used as a center electrode (16), but can also be used, if necessary, as an earth electrode after an embossing and bending process.

Abstract: A microminiature vacuum tube and a process for fabrication thereof. The tube is formed on a compound semiconductor substrate using solid state semiconductor fabrication techniques. A straight line path for electron flow is provided by forming an emitter and collector in the same plane. The emitter and collector are formed in a low resistance layer of a compound semiconductor substrate, such as by etching a recess through the low resistance layer and into the substrate to define a separate emitter and collector. Preferential etching techniques are utilized to form a sharp-edge in at least the emitter portion of the recess. A gate is formed in the recess proximate to but out of the plane for electron flow. The use of microminiature solid state fabrication technique allows the recess to be formed at submicron size to reduce the voltage requirements on the microminiature vacuum tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method of forming a shadow mask for a color picture tube from a flat apertured mask. The mask has an central apertured portion, a solid border portion and a skirt portion. The improved method comprises several steps. First, a flat apertured mask is placed beneath an upper punch. Next, the periphery of the mask at the skirt portion is clamped. The punch then is pressed against the mask to contour the mask in its central apertured and solid border portions. Thereafter, the periphery of the mask at the skirt portion is unclamped, and the solid border portion of the mask is pressed between a bead die and the punch to form a peripheral bead in the solid border portion of the mask. Finally, the skirt portion is swept back to substantially parallel a central longitudinal axis of the formed mask, while the border portion is held between the bead die and the punch.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed, which comprises a pair of insulating substrates with a predetermined space therebetween; a group of anode electrodes and a group of cathode electrodes formed on the inner side of each of the insulating substrates in such a manner that the groups of the electrodes are normal to each other; and barriers formed on the insulating substrate having the anode electrodes thereon by photolithography. Since the barriers are formed by photolithography using an ultraviolet-curable resin or positive-type resist, high precison patterns having a line width of 100 .mu.m or less and a line spacing of 100 .mu.m or less can be easily obtained and, thereby, a high resolution plasma display having a decreased picture element area and a wider discharge space can be obtained. When photolithography is used in the formation of the cathode electrodes, further high precision fine patterns can be obtained and further finely detailed pitch of picture elements can be achieved.

Abstract: For manufacturing an electrically conductive tip composed of a doped semiconductor material, a mask layer is produced on a substrate composed of the semiconductor material. This mask layer contains a material at least at its surface and directly on the substrate whereon the semiconductor material does not grow in a selective epitaxy. An opening wherein the surface of the substrate lies exposed is produced in the mask layer. The electrically conductive tip is produced by a selective epitaxy on the exposed surface of the substrate such that the layer growth in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate is lower than in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A discharge lamp electrode having a spherical end portion which serves as a discharge part and has a diameter larger than the remaining base part is formed by simultaneously applying a plurality of laser beams to one end portion of a rod-shaped material of tungsten or tungsten alloy in different directions. Preferably, the rod-shaped material is held vertically while the laser beams are applied to its lower end portion.

Abstract: A microelectronic device and a method of forming the same are disclosed. The microelectronic device includes a cathode, an anode and a first grid disposed adjacent a major surface of a substrate. The first grid is positioned between the cathode and the anode. The first grid is formed from conductive material using a sidewall spacer technique. The anode is made of conductive polysilicon, the cathode is made of tungsten and has a portion elevated from the substrate to aid in the ballistic transport of electrons. A second grid is formed using a sidewall spacer technique, and is positioned between the first grid and the anode. The method of making a microelectronic device includes forming an anode and a cathode on a surface of a substrate, then depositing, in series, first and second sacrificial layers. A first wall is formed by removing portion of the second sacrificial layer. The first wal is positioned between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A method of forming a electromagnetic radiator having cavities of predetermined dimensions involving coating a plurality of wires with an electromagnetic radiator material at predetermined thicknesses, the wires being soluble in a solvent and the radiator material being insoluble in the solvent, forming a bundle of a multiplicity of the coated wires, the coatings on the wires engaging each other, reducing the diameter of the bundle to a smaller predetermined diameter and fusing the coatings together with metallurgical bonds through the reduction thereby uniformly reducing the diameter of each of the coated wires and thicknesses of each of the coatings on the wires in the bundle, slicing partially through the fused bundle at predetermined regular intervals whereby to define the depth of the cavities, chemically removing the wires from inside the coatings whereby to form a foraminous electromagnetic radiator having an array of cavities of predetermined lengths and diameters formed by the drawn coatings.

Abstract: A storage cathode comprising a porous, sintered body of a refractory metal is produced by compacting and sintering powder particles of a refractory metal, at least a portion of which are coated, before compacting, with a thin layer of a ductile metal. As a result thereof, it is possible to compact the refractory metal powder, before sintering, at temperatures lower than 600.degree. C., in a non-conditioned space and in an air atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for electrical discharge used for diesinking, comprising an electrode member produced by subjecting a base and binder of gypsum hemihydrate powder and a filler of conductive metal powder to modeling and/or molding and setting into a desired form of electrode, and followed by plating the electrode member with a conductive metal; and a process for manufacturing the same, wherein a gypsum hemihydrate powder, a gypsum dihydrate powder in an amount of 1% by weight of the gypsum hemihydrate powder and a conductive metal powder are kneaded in vacuo, and water is added thereto to continue further kneading in vacuo, followed by casting into a mold having a predetermined shape transferred thereon to carry out hydration, molding and setting to provide an electrode member; after the electrode member is dried, it is plated with a conductive metal to enhance mutual continuity in the conductivity of the former conductive metal powder and also to form a thin metal layer on the surface of the electro

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal cylinder of an electron tube, such as a magnetron, comprises the steps of rolling a metal plate into a cylinder, reduction-forming the cylinder, welding the seam of the reduction-formed cylinder by means of a high-energy beam, and compression-forming the resulting cylinder in the axial direction while restricting the inner and outer peripheral surfaces thereof. The step of beam welding the seam includes arranging a plurality of cylinders to be subjected to the welding lengthwise, so that the adjacent ends of the cylinders are in intimate contact with one another, whereby the respective seams of the cylinders extending in a straight line are subjected in succession to the beam welding. The power of the high-energy beam irradiated onto the seam of each cylinder is controlled so as to be higher in the initial stage of the application to each cylinder and lower in the later stage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the fabrication of field emission peaks using a monocrystalline substrate with a suitable orientation coated with an insulating layer where square-shaped elementary zones with a suitable orientation with respect to the substrate have been removed. Silicon is deposited by selective epitaxy in these zones. The epitaxial growth of silicon, at high speed parallel to the substrate and at low speed along faces of the substrate at 45.degree. to the substrate, enables the making of pyramidal peaks which, afater being coated with tungsten, form emitting peaks.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a direct-heated cathode structure comprising a bending process wherein the bending is carried out by a plurality of hollow punches, those are assembled around a center shaft with each cushion springs of different elastic moduli inside the hollows thereof and press a filament material with time intervals between each punches thus making the filament material corrugate-ended; and a welding process wherein an end of corrugate-ended filament is put on an upper end of bended lead bar, then electrodes of an electric resistance welder are put on the filament end and beneath said lead bar end respectively to carry out the welding. Also, an apparatus which is suitable to carry out the method comprising a corrugate bender assembly and a welding jig assembly so being prepared to perform said bending process and said welding process respectively.

Abstract: A cold cathode field emission device having a cone shaped emitter (112, 208) formed with a substantially normal (but not absolutely normal) vapor deposition process (109) wherein the substrate (101, 201) need not be rotated with respect to the vapor deposition target. The vapor deposition process forms an encapsulating layer (111, 207) that can either be utilized as an electrode within the completed device, or that can be removed to allow subsequent construction of additional layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved arc tube assembly for a high intensity metal halide lamp. The invention provides improved sealing structure for the electrode assembly using a foil to glass seal.

Abstract: For fine-(for example post-)deflection of electron beams is a display tube, particularly of the flat, thin type, electrically insulated deflector plate portions are placed on either side of each beam prior to its reaching the phosphor screen. By choosing a special mask aperture geometry, a deflector is produced after a plate portion is bent out of the mask plane. By combining two masks (plates) with bent plate portions, an electrode structure is obtained having two separate flat deflector aperture electrode pairs per electron beam.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrode of a color picture tube electron gun, the electrode having an aperture for passing an electron beam and having a recess formed in a surface of a single metal plate, comprises the steps of forming in the metal plate a laterally elongated through hole being substantially symmetrical with the axis of the electron beam pass aperture and having a major diameter in a longitudinal direction of the recess, before the recess is formed, forming the recess at a peripheral wall area of the laterally elongated through hole through a coining process, and forming the electron beam pass aperture by removing a wall portion of the through hole existing after completion of the coining process to form a through hole of a predetermined shape.

Abstract: Process for producing extraction grids for ion sources. A mounting plate (1) of a thermostable material is provided on both sides with a continuous metal coating (2, 3). An essentially congruent pattern of holes is produced in the mounting plate (1) and in the metal coatings (2, 3). In such an extraction system, the metal coatings, electrically separated on either side, form extraction grids or electrodes. By disposing a core region (1a) of a conducting or semiconducting material in the mounting plate (1), a third electrode can be produced for controlling the ion beam.

Abstract: In-line electron gun structure for color cathode ray tubes in which the final focusing and accelerating electrodes each employ three in-line tapered, partially overlapping apertures in facing relationship, and at least one pair of integral electron beam correctors associated with the central aperture of the focusing electrode. Such structure is produced by deep drawing a workpiece having an hour-glass shaped hole for each corrector pair desired.

Abstract: Electrodes for lamps comprising elongated structures comprised of layers containing varying amounts of metal and refractory oxide. In a preferred embodiment the electrode has a first end comprising 9.6 volume percent tungsten and the remainder alumina. The second end comprises substantially 100% tungsten. The intermediate body contains layers of, e.g., 12, 20, 35, 50 and 75% tungsten.

Abstract: The invention is a method of manufacture of a cylndrical electrode such as a thermionic cathode comprising an array of helical filaments. The method comprises the step of placing the array, attached to its support electrodes which are fixedly mounted to a common subassembly support, inside a close-fitting refractory dielectric cylinder and heating the filament assembly by passing current through the filaments. The filament assembly expands to contact the form. On further heating it is plastically deformed to form a perfect cylindrical shape. After cooling and shrinking, it is removed from the form.

Abstract: A method for production of channel plate from sheet material having secondary emission yield after firing. According to the method, a plurality of parallel ribs are formed on the sheet. Then at least two layers of sheet are arranged one over the other by stacking in such manner that each rib element extends in the same direction, or the sheet is rolled into a spiral form which can be cut into channel plates. The stacked or rolled sheet material is then fired so as to adhere the surfaces of the ribs to the surfaces of the adjacent sheet to form the channel plate. In the particular embodiment disclosed herein, the sheet is rolled in the longitudinal direction of the ribs and the spiral body is cut into sector like pieces. After firing, electrodes are formed onto opposed end surfaces including end surfaces of each rib.

Abstract: Light valve for use in the projection of an image in which a liquid crystal is addressed by an electron beam produced in a column (10). The vacuum interface of the light valve (12) consists of an electrically inhomogenous structure (54) of fine conductors arranged within an insulating matrix. The invention is concerned with the method of manufacturing the light valve vacuum interface to permit high resolution to be obtained, the method comprising filling holes in a glass capillary array, as currently used for filtration of liquids with a molten metal or alloy, and allowing the liquid to cool. The filling is effected by placing the glass capillary array in an evacuated chamber and forcing the molten alloy into the holes in the array under pressure.

Abstract: A CRT electron gun electrode is provided with an improved beam shaping region having an elongated recess coined in the upper electrode surface and an opposed coined depression in the lower surface. The double coining fabrication method assures a sharp perimetrical edge about at least the central portion of the recess, such being an important influence in achieving improved beam shaping lensing.

Abstract: An assembly machine is disclosed in which a slug of one metal is inserted and staked in a cup formed of another metal. During the staking operation, the shape of the slug and the cup is altered by forming loads thereon. Cups are fed to an assembly position through a plurality of feed chutes which supply the cups to a shuttle. The shuttle operates to alternately receive cups from one feed chute and then the other and to position such cups at an assembly position. A cutter cuts slugs from wire stock and delivers the slugs to the assembly position, where the slugs are inserted in the cups and staked in place. The shuttle operates at a cyclic speed equal to one-half the cyclic speed of the cutter so that the total output of the apparatus is substantially higher than the cyclic operating speed of the shuttle. A combined stock gauge and staking tool is carried by the cutter and the cutter forcibly removes the assembled cup and slug from the assembly position.

Abstract: A method of producing bimetal electrodes is disclosed in which a core of one metal is positioned within a cup of another metal so that the core is recessed back from the open end of the cup. In two embodiments, where the core is fully encapsulated, the open end of the cup is initially bottled or bent inward and subsequently the assembly is pressed through an extrusion die with a tool having a nose with an area substantially equal to the area of the core. In one such embodiment, a weld lug is produced by said tool during the extrusion. Such tool completes the closing of the open end of the cup to fully encapsulate the core and applies the principal extrusion force through the closed end to the core and from the core to the forward end or originally closed end of the cup. Subsequently, the extruded part is trimmed and additionally worked as required. In another embodiment, similar tooling is provided to produce an electrode in which the core is not fully encapsulated.

Abstract: A process for making thin flexible electroluminescent lamps comprises continuously feeding a flexible strip of transparent insulating material which serves as the carrier for performing various process steps, as well as becoming part of the finished lamp itself. The strip is provided with a thin transparent conductive layer. An epoxy/phosphor mixture is continuously applied to a controlled thickness over the conductive layer and cured in an oven. Another conductive layer is continuously applied over the cured epoxy/phosphor layer on the carrier sheet and dried. In a preferred embodiment, lamp members are severed from the roll, and a narrow groove is made in the last applied conductive layer to divide the conductive layer into two exposed electrode areas to which the lamp terminals are connected. In another embodiment, the conductive layer on the plastic carrier sheet is continuously subdivided by vaporizing the conductive material to form a narrow groove with an electric arc.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite spark plug electrode is disclosed. The method comprises forming a first metal into a cup having an open end, a closed end and a wall surrounding a central opening which extends a distance z from the closed end to the open end. The method also comprises forming, from a second and different metal, a right circular cylindrical core sized to be received in the central opening in close fitting relationship with the wall therearound, and extending from the closed end toward the open end a distance less than z, and positioning the core in the central opening, thereby forming a composite billet having first and second ends corresponding, respectively, with the open and closed ends of the cup. Finally, a portion of the composite billet is extruded, second end first, through an extrusion orifice of a die with a force applied to the first end of the composite billet by an end of a tool.

Abstract: To securely seat a ceramic electrode (23, 28) in an insulator (15) of a spark plug, so that it can be sintered together with the insulator, a ceramic plug element (28) has added thereto an additive which renders the ceramic plastically deformable upon application of external energy; the additive may, for example, be a thermoplastic, which permits plastic deformation upon application of heat; or a thixotropic agent, such as glycerin, rendering the material plastically deformable when vibrated. A pellet or plug (28) is introduced into the end portion (32) of the central opening (21) of the insulator, preshaped to be slightly smaller by, for example, 0.2 mm, than the clearance opening in the insulator. The plug is then rendered plastically deformable, compressed by a plunger (34/1) acting against a counter plate (33).

Abstract: A modulator assembly for a flat panel display device is fabricated with a single piece substantially U-shaped isolation member. The modulation electrode pairs are formed as bifilar strips configured singularly to and insulatively affixed to the isolation member.

Abstract: A method of making a tubular electrical insulator assembly for an igniter plug comprising the steps of making a recess (11) in one end of a tubular insulator (10); cementing a portion of a tubular semi-conductor (20) into the recess (11) so that the remaining portion of said semi-conductor (20) extends slightly beyond the end of said insulator (10); and grinding an annular chamfer (21) into the ends of the insulator (10) and semi-conductor (20).

Abstract: A pyroelectric target made of a pyroelectric material which is anisotropic dielectrically. Electrodes are provided on two plane parallel faces. To raise the pyroelectric figure of merit, the angle between the pyroelectric axis and the normal to the planar faces is greater than substantially 0.degree. but less than 90.degree.. A method of manufacturing such a target includes the step of selecting such an angle and cutting the faces into the material at the selected angle. A pyroelectric vidicon tube incorporating such a pyroelectric target has improved performance. Preferably, the projection of the normal to the planar faces onto a plane perpendicular to the pyroelectric axis is parallel to the axis along which the dielectric constant is lowest.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode structure for use in an electron gun, especially an in-line type electrode structure for use an electron gun of a color picture tube. The electrode structure dispenses with auxiliary electrodes by forming its three cylindrical members integrally by press work. After the pressing step, the inner edge of the bottom portion of each of the cylindrical members is beveled to provide a tapering surface having a desired circular cross section. By forming a circular groove in the bottom portion, opposite to the tapering surface, the formation of the tapering surface is made more exact.

Abstract: A method of making a plurality of masks for a mask-focusing color picture tube is described. A plurality of apertured flat masks are aligned and stacked. The stacked flat masks are contacted by magnetic force and welded together. The welded flat masks are pressed into a predetermined curved shape at the same time. Next, the welded portions are cut off to separate each mask.

Abstract: A grid-like electrode for electronic components having its grid portion made of fibrous carbon threads bonded by means of the coke of an organic polymer. The grid-like electrode is made by impregnation of each fibrous carbon thread with a liquid organic polymer containing at least 20% by weight of carbon. Then a grid-like electrode is shaped from these threads and subjected to heating until the polymer is irreversibly cured, followed by heating of the polymer to cause pyrolysis thereof to a glossy carbon state.

Abstract: An electron gun electrode of a color picture tube is manufactured by forming three spaced openings through a metal plate; squeezing the metal plate to form three inverted cup shaped cylindrical projections having the openings at their top centers; coining inner peripheries of the openings to enlarge the same and to form bevelled portions around the peripheries of the enlarged openings; and increasing inner diameters of the cylindrical projections thereby obtaining the electrode integrally formed with three adjacent cylindrical projections.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electric discharge device comprising a pattern of electrodes bonded to a glass substrate. It is necessary for certain gas discharge display devices to use metal electrodes which are at least 20 .mu.m thick and adhere satisfactorily to a glass substrate. A metal foil is placed on a glass substrate 2, and this assembly is heated to a temperature T.sub.1 which is below the melting-point of the metal of the foil and at which the viscosity of the glass of the substrate is in the range from 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.3 Pas. The foil is pressed uniformly against the substrate at the temperature T.sub.1 for a time which is sufficient to produce uniform contact between the foil and the substrate. The foil is then bonded to the substrate by an anodic bonding process, and the desired electrode pattern is produced by locally removing metal from the foil.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an electric discharge device having a pattern of electrodes impressed in a glass plate, the starting material for the manufacture of the pattern of electrodes is a metal foil which has a relief pattern. The relief pattern comprises thick portions which are connected together by thin portions of the foil and in which the thick portions constitute the desired pattern of electrodes. At a temperature T.sub.1 which is lower than the melting-point of the metal of the foil and in which the glass of the glass plate has a viscosity of approx. 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.13 Pa.sec., the surface of the metal foil comprising the relief is impressed in the glass plate. After cooling, the desired pattern of electrodes is obtained by etching away the thin portions of the foil. In order to improve the adhesion, the metal foil can be rigidly adhered to the glass plate by means of an anodic bonding process prior to etching away the thin portions.

Abstract: An electron beam guide assembly for a flat panel display device includes two guide meshes. One mesh is substantially flat and the other is shaped. The shaped mesh has a substantially flat surface and includes longitudinal sides which extend angularly away from the flat surface. The sides are further shaped to include flanges which lie in a plane substantially parallel to and displaced from the flat surface. The flanges are joined to the flat mesh to form an assembly having continuously shielded longitudinal sides.