Abstract: A photoelectric sensor including at least any one of a light projecting unit for emitting light and a light receiving unit for detecting light includes a substrate on which at least any one of the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit is mounted, a cover which has a protecting portion facing the substrate and for protecting the substrate and a side wall extending from a periphery of the protecting portion, and a sealing member which seals at least any one of the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit that is mounted on the substrate, in which the cover has a protruding portion on a surface which is positioned outside a side surface of the substrate and intersects an extending direction of the side wall, and the protruding portion is in contact with the sealing member.

Abstract: A method for forming a unique, environmentally-friendly micron scale autonomous electrical power source is provided in a configuration that generates renewable energy for use in electronic systems, electronic devices and electronic system components. The configuration includes a first conductor with a facing surface conditioned to have a low work function, a second conductor with a facing surface having a comparatively higher work function, and a dielectric layer, not more than 200 nm thick, sandwiched between the respective facing surfaces of the first conductor and the second conductor. The autonomous electrical power source formed according to the disclosed method is configured to harvest minimal thermal energy from any source in an environment above absolute zero.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward carbon based diodes, carbon based resistive change memory elements, resistive change memory having resistive change memory elements and carbon based diodes, methods of making carbon based diodes, methods of making resistive change memory elements having carbon based diodes, and methods of making resistive change memory having resistive change memory elements having carbons based diodes. The carbon based diodes can be any suitable type of diode that can be formed using carbon allotropes, such as semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNT), semiconducting Buckminsterfullerenes (such as C60 Buckyballs), or semiconducting graphitic layers (layered graphene). The carbon based diodes can be pn junction diodes, Schottky diodes, other any other type of diode formed using a carbon allotrope. The carbon based diodes can be placed at any level of integration in a three dimensional (3D) electronic device such as integrated with components or wiring layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a cell culture vessel (10) having a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer (14) on its surface. The method comprises the steps of providing a vessel (12) having a predetermined shape; providing a CNT dispersion of a CNT material composed primarily of CNT dispersed in a dispersion medium at a concentration of not more than 50 mg/L; and forming the carbon nanotube layer (14) on the surface of the vessel (12). The formation of the CNT layer (14) is achieved by alternately repeating a supply step of applying the CNT dispersion solution to the vessel (12) and a drying step of drying the applied dispersion solution one or more times.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for heating an object. A sheet-shaped heat and light source is provided. The sheet-shaped heat and light source includes a carbon nanotube film curved to form a hollow cylinder, and at least two electrodes spaced from each other, located on a surface of the hollow cylinder and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube film. An object is located in the hollow cylinder. A voltage is supplied between the at least two electrodes.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: A field emission device comprises one or more emitter elements, each having a high aspect ratio structure with a nanometer scaled cross section; and one or more segmented electrodes, each surrounding one of the one or more emitters. Each of the one or more segmented electrodes has multiple electrode plates. This abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An X-ray tube with a rotatable anode for generating X-rays and an X-ray apparatus and a method for balancing the rotary anode of an X-ray tube include balancing of the rotary anode applicable to an anode mounted inside an X-ray tube. The rotatable anode includes an anode disc fixedly mounted to a rotatably driven support body, which is rotatably supported by a bearing arrangement. The anode includes at least one balancing cavity to adjust the center of gravity of the anode. The balancing cavity is partly filled with a balancing material being solid at operating temperature of the X-ray tube and liquid at a higher temperature. The balancing method includes determining an imbalance of the anode; heating liquefy balancing material; dislocating the balancing material inside the balancing cavity to compensate the imbalance; and cooling to solidify the balancing material.

Abstract: A cathode selection method includes measuring, by using a cathode having an electron emission surface which is a flat surface and a emission area which is limited, a total emission emitted from the cathode; calculating, using a measured total emission value, work function by a Richardson Dash Man's formula; and determining whether or not the cathode has the work function equal to or under an acceptable value.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermoelectron emission source for an electron gun used in an electron beam writing apparatus, the thermoelectron emission source producing method comprising, preparing a first material that emits a thermoelectron, coating the first material with a second material having a work function larger than that of the first material, exposing the first material from part of the second material by machine processing, and decreasing a diameter of the exposed portion of the first material by heating treatment when the diameter of the exposed portion is larger than a predetermined diameter value.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for nanostructure field emission cathode structures and methods of making these structures. These structures generally comprise an electrode field emitter comprising a resistive layer having a first surface, a connection pad having a first surface disposed adjacent to the first surface of the resistive layer, and a nanostructure element for emitting electrons in use, the nanostructure element being disposed adjacent to a second surface of the connection pad that is opposite the first surface of the connection pad. Some embodiments also include a coaxial gate electrode that is disposed about the nanostructure element.

Abstract: A vacuum encapsulated, hermetically sealed cathode capsule for generating an electron beam of secondary electrons, which generally includes a cathode element having a primary emission surface adapted to emit primary electrons, an annular insulating spacer, a diamond window element comprising a diamond material and having a secondary emission surface adapted to emit secondary electrons in response to primary electrons impinging on the diamond window element, a first cold-weld ring disposed between the cathode element and the annular insulating spacer and a second cold-weld ring disposed between the annular insulating spacer and the diamond window element. The cathode capsule is formed by a vacuum cold-weld process such that the first cold-weld ring forms a hermetical seal between the cathode element and the annular insulating spacer and the second cold-weld ring forms a hermetical seal between the annular spacer and the diamond window element whereby a vacuum encapsulated chamber is formed within the capsule.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube field emitter. A carbon nanotube film is drawn from the carbon nanotube array by a drawing tool. The carbon nanotube film includes a triangle region. A portion of the carbon nanotube film closed to the drawing tool is treated into a carbon nanotube wire including a vertex of the triangle region. The triangle region is cut from the carbon nanotube film by a laser beam along a cutting line. A distance between the vertex of the triangle region and the cutting line can be in a range from about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters.

Abstract: An electron emission device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The electron emission device includes i) a hydrophilic resin substrate and ii) carbon nano tubes that are positioned on the resin substrate. Surface roughness Ra of the resin substrate is 7.3 ?m to 9.75 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is an encapsulated micro-diode and a method for producing same. The method comprises forming a plurality columns in the substrate with a respective tip disposed at a first end of the column, the tip defining a cathode of the diode; disposing a sacrificial oxide layer on the substrate, plurality of columns and respective tips; forming respective trenches in the sacrificial oxide layer around the columns; forming an opening in the sacrificial oxide layer to expose a portion of the tips; depositing a conductive material in of the opening and on a surface of the substrate to form an anode of the diode; and removing the sacrificial oxide layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for making the sheet-shaped heat and light source. An array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate is provided. A carbon nanotube film is formed by pressing the array of carbon nanotubes. A first electrode and a second electrode are electrically connected with the carbon nanotube film. Furthermore, a method for heating an object is related.

Abstract: A method for making an emitter is disclosed. A number of carbon nanotubes in parallel with each other are provided. The carbon nanotubes have a number of first ends and a number of second ends opposite to the number of first ends. The first ends are attached on a first electrode and the second ends are attached on a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are spaced from each other. A voltage is supplied between the first electrode and the second electrode to break the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method for fabricating the field emission cathode structure includes following steps. A first carbon nanotube structure is provided. The first carbon nanotube structure is suspended. A voltage is applied to heat the first carbon nanotube structure to form a temperature gradient. A number of second carbon nanotubes are grown on a surface of the first carbon nanotube structure to form a second carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: A thermionic cathode of an embodiment includes a carbon coating applied to an outer surface of the side, the carbon coating comprising a contiguous extended portion surrounding the upper section and spaced apart from said upper section by a gap having 1 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less in width and having a difference of 1 ?m or less in the width between a maximum value and a minimum value in a periphery of the electron emitting surface.

Abstract: A vacuum encapsulated, hermetically sealed cathode capsule for generating an electron beam of secondary electrons, which generally includes a cathode element having a primary emission surface adapted to emit primary electrons, an annular insulating spacer, a diamond window element comprising a diamond material and having a secondary emission surface adapted to emit secondary electrons in response to primary electrons impinging on the diamond window element, a first cold-weld ring disposed between the cathode element and the annular insulating spacer and a second cold-weld ring disposed between the annular insulating spacer and the diamond window element. The cathode capsule is formed by a vacuum cold-weld process such that the first cold-weld ring forms a hermetical seal between the cathode element and the annular insulating spacer and the second cold-weld ring forms a hermetical seal between the annular spacer and the diamond window element whereby a vacuum encapsulated chamber is formed within the capsule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a field emitter electrode including a bonding unit formed on a substrate, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes fixed to the substrate by the bonding unit, in which the bonding unit includes a carbide-based first inorganic filler and a second inorganic filler formed of a metal.

Abstract: An improved cathode comprises a cone-shaped emitter with a carbon-based coating applied to the emitter cone surface, in which there is a narrow annular gap between the emitter body and the carbon coating. The gap prevents direct contact between the carbon coating and the crystalline emitting material, thereby preventing damaging interactions and extending the useful lifetime of the cathode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating field emission cathode, a field emission cathode, and a field emission lighting source are provided. The method includes: forming a catalyst crystallite nucleus layer on the surface of cathode substrate by self-assembly of a noble metal catalyst, growing a composited nano carbon material on the cathode substrate by using a TCVD process, in which the composited nano carbon material includes coil carbon nano tubes and coil carbon nano fibers. The measured quantity of total coil carbon nano tubes and coil carbon nano fibers is higher than 40%. The field emission cathode is fabricated by the aforementioned method, and the field emission lighting source includes the aforementioned field emission cathode.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device includes a first emitter/collector region and a second emitter/collector region disposed in a substrate. The first emitter/collector region has a first edge/tip, and the second emitter/collector region has a second edge/tip. A gap separates the first edge/tip from the second edge/tip. The first emitter/collector region, the second emitter/collector region, and the gap form a field emission device.

Abstract: A method for making cathode slurry is provided and includes the following steps. First, a number of electron emitters, an inorganic binder, and an organic carrier are provided. Second, the electron emitters, the inorganic binder, and the organic carrier are mixed to obtain a mixture. Third, the mixture is mechanically pressed and sheared.

Abstract: A method for making carbon nanotube field emitter includes providing a carbon nanotube array formed on a surface of a substrate. A plurality of carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube array is selected and pulled out a carbon nanotube film by a drawing tool, wherein the carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes oriented along a fixed direction. The carbon nanotube film is cut to a plurality of uniform carbon nanotube sub-films along the fixed direction. The plurality of carbon nanotube sub-films is treated to a plurality of carbon nanotube yarns. The plurality of carbon nanotube yarns is fixed on a surface of a conductive base, and cutting off the plurality of carbon nanotube yarns by a laser beam, to form a carbon nanotube field emitter.

Abstract: Micro-fabricated charge-emission devices comprise an electrically conductive gate electrode with an aperture, an electrically conductive base electrode, a charge-emitting microstructure extending from a surface in electrical contact with the base electrode and terminating near the aperture of the gate electrode, and a dielectric layer stack disposed between the base electrode and the gate electrode. The dielectric layer stack comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer is disposed between the second dielectric layer and the base electrode. The first dielectric layer is of a different selectively etchable dielectric material than the second dielectric layer. The dielectric layer stack h formed therein a cavity within which the charge-emitting emitting microstructure is disposed. The cavity has a corrugated wall shaped by the first dielectric layer undercutting the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: Provided are an electron source which allows a high-angle current density operation even at a low extraction voltage, and reduces excess current that causes vacuum deterioration; and an electronic device using the electron source. The electron source has a cathode composed of single-crystal tungsten, and a diffusion source provided in the intermediate portion of the cathode. In the cathode, the angle between the axial direction of the cathode and <100> orientation of the cathode is adjusted so that electrons to be emitted from the vicinity of the boundary between surface and surface formed on the tip of the cathode, are emitted substantially parallel to the axis of the cathode. The electronic device is provided with the electron source.

Abstract: A field electron emitter including a metal electrode; and a plurality of carbon nanotubes, wherein a portion of the plurality of carbon nanotubes protrude from a surface of the metal electrode and a portion of the plurality of carbon nanotubes are in the metal electrode. Also disclosed is a field electron emission device including the field electron emitter and a method of manufacturing the field electron emitter.

Abstract: A method and system for treating emissions includes charging particles in an exhaust stream, producing one or more radicals, and oxidizing at least a portion of the charged particles with at least a portion of the produced radicals. At least a portion of the charged particles in the exhaust stream are then attracted on at least one attraction surface which is one of oppositely charged from the charged particles and grounded. The attracted particles are oxidized with another portion of the one or more produced radicals to self regenerate the at least one attraction surface. Downstream from where the attracted particles are oxidized, at least a portion of one or more first compounds in the exhaust stream are converted to one or more second compounds downstream from the attracting. Additionally, at least a portion of any remaining charged particles are oxidized into one or more gases.

Abstract: Provided are an electron emission source, a display apparatus using the same, an electronic device, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus. The electron emission source includes a substrate, a cathode separately manufactured from the substrate, and a needle-shaped electron emission material layer, e.g., carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, fixed to the cathode by an adhesive layer. The CNT layer is formed by a suspension filtering method, and electron emission density is increased by a subsequent taping process on the electron emission material layer.

Abstract: Devices for use in cold-field emission and methods of forming the device are generally presented. In one example, a method may include providing a conductive base, dispersing carbon-filled acrylic onto the conductive base to form a conductive film, coupling a copper plate to a first side of the conductive film, and irradiating the conductive film. The method may further include dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a second side of the conductive film to form a substantially uniform layer of CNTs, removing excess CNTs from the second side, and curing the conductive film. In one example, a device may include a polycarbonate base, a layer of carbon-filled acrylic on one side of the polycarbonate base and a layer of irradiated carbon-filled acrylic on the other, a copper plate coupled to the carbon-filled acrylic, and a substantially uniform layer of randomly aligned CNTs dispersed on the irradiated carbon-filled acrylic.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for making a carbon nanotube field emitter. A carbon nanotube film is drawn from the carbon nanotube array by a drawing tool. The carbon nanotube film includes a triangle region. A portion of the carbon nanotube film closed to the drawing tool is treated into a carbon nanotube wire including a vertex of the triangle region. The triangle region is cut from the carbon nanotube film by a laser beam along a cutting line. A distance between the vertex of the triangle region and the cutting line can be in a range from about 10 microns to about 5 millimeters.

Abstract: An electron emission element (1) includes an electrode substrate (2) and a thin film electrode (3), and emits electrons from the thin film electrode (3) by voltage application across the electrode substrate (2) and the thin film electrode (3). An electron accelerating layer (4) containing at least insulating fine particles (5) is provided between the electrode substrate (2) and the thin film electrode (3). The electrode substrate (2) has a convexoconcave surface. The thin film electrode (3) has openings (6) above convex parts of the electrode substrate (2).

Abstract: A field-emission electron gun including an electron emission tip, an extractor anode, and a mechanism creating an electric-potential difference between the emission tip and the extractor anode. The emission tip includes a metal tip and an end cone produced by chemical vapor deposition on a nanofilament, the cone being aligned and welded onto the metal tip. The electron gun can be used for a transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: A microchannel plate (1) for a microchannel plate electron multiplier, comprising: a substrate (5) forming a plate having first and second opposing faces and having a plurality of parallel channels therethrough from first to second faces and; a first electrode (3) on the first face, the first electrode (3) having a first side adjacent to the substrate and a second side opposite to the first side; a second electrode (4) on the second face, the second electrode (4) having a first side adjacent to the substrate (5) and a second side opposite to the first side; and a layer (6, 7) of resistive and secondary emissive material on the second side of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device is provided. A filler, a substrate, and a metal plate are provided. The metal plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and defines at least one through hole extending through from the first surface to the second surface. At least one electron emitter is inserted into the at least one through hole. The first surface of the metal plate is attached to the substrate. At least a part of the at least one electron emitter is located between the first surface and the substrate. The at least one through hole is filled with the filler to firmly fix the at least one electron emitter.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition is provided. The conductive paste composition includes 20 to 70 weight % of silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 250 nm based on a total weight of the conductive paste composition, and 0.01 to 2 weight % of silver-decorated carbon nanotubes based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.

Abstract: A field emission light source device, comprising: cathode plate comprising substrate and cathode conductive layer disposed on surface of substrate, and anode plate comprising base formed from transparent ceramic material and anode conductive layer disposed on one surface of base, and insulating support member by which cathode plate and anode plate are integrally fixed, and vacuum-tight chamber formed with anode plate, cathode plate and insulating support member; anode conductive layer and the cathode plate are disposed opposite each other. Because of advantages of good electrical conductivity, high light transmittance, stable electron-impact resistance performance and uniform luminescence, using transparent ceramic as the base of the anode plate in the field emission light source device can increase electron beam excitation efficiency effectively, increase light extraction efficiency of the field emission light source device, and finally increase its luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device, including the following steps: (S1) providing a substrate including a first surface, and a carbon nanotube structure defining a first portion and a second portion, the carbon nanotube structure including a plurality of carbon nanotubes, a longitudinal direction of the plurality of carbon nanotubes being from the first portion to the second portion; (S2) placing the carbon nanotube structure on the first surface of the substrate, and fastening the first portion to the substrate; and (S3) repeatedly rubbing the carbon nanotube structure along the direction from the first portion to the second portion.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode device is provided. A filler, a substrate, and a metal plate are provided. The metal plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and defines at least one through hole extending through from the first surface to the second surface. At least one electron emitter is inserted into the at least one through hole. The first surface of the metal plate is attached to the substrate. At least a part of the at least one electron emitter is located between the first surface and the substrate. The at least one through hole is filled with the filler to firmly fix the at least one electron emitter.

Abstract: Method of fabricating super nano ion-electron source including: placing an assembly of precursor tip and metal ring around the precursor tip below the apex in a FIM chamber; applying dc current from grounded source to the metal ring to heat the ring; gradually applying high voltage to the precursor tip; wherein the metal ring is exposed to a high electric field from the tip, generating Schottky field emission of electrons from the metal ring, the applied electrical field sufficient to cause electrons to be extracted from the metal ring and accelerated to the shank with energy sufficient to dislodge atoms from the shank; and monitoring the evolution of the tip apex due to movement of dislodged atoms from the shank to the apex while adjusting the electrical field, the current or temperature of the metal ring until the apex forms a sharp nanotip with an atomic scale apex.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to processes for the electrochemical modification of electron emitting materials such as carbon nanotubes. The processes improve the oxidation resistance of the electron emitting materials when they are fired in an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as air. The disclosure also relates to the preparation of cathodes or cathode assemblies, for use in a field emission device, wherein are contained an electron field emitter made from such electron emitting material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray tube (12) with a rotatable anode (30) for generating X-rays and an X-ray apparatus (10) with such an X-ray tube and a method for balancing a rotary anode of an X-ray tube. In order to provide a balancing of the rotary anode applicable to an anode mounted inside an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube with a rotatable anode (30) for generating X-rays is provided, wherein the anode comprises an anode disc (32) fixedly mounted to a rotatably driven support body (44, 46), which support body is rotatably supported by a bearing arrangement (34). The anode comprises at least one balancing cavity (70) to adjust the center of gravity of the anode, which balancing cavity (70) is partly filled with a balancing material (72) being solid at operating temperature of the X-ray tube and liquid at a higher temperature.

Abstract: A field emission cathode device includes a substrate, a metal plate attached to the substrate, at least one electron emitter electrical connected with the metal plate, and a filler. The metal plate defines at least one through hole extending through the metal plate. The at least one electron emitter is fixed between the substrate and the metal plate and extends through the at least one through hole. The filler is filled into the at least one through hole to fix the at least one electron emitter.

Abstract: The following method is provided: a method of readily fabricating an electron-emitting device, coated with a low-work function material, having good electron-emitting properties with high reproducibility such that differences in electron-emitting properties between electron-emitting devices are reduced. Before a structure is coated with the low-work function material, a metal oxide layer is formed on the structure.

Abstract: A method for making the electron emission apparatus is provided. In the method, an insulating substrate including a surface is provided. A number of grids are formed on the insulating substrate and defined by a plurality of electrodes. A number of conductive linear structures are fabricated and supported by the electrodes. The number of conductive linear structures are substantially parallel to the surface and each of the grids contains at least one of the conductive linear structures. The conductive linear structures are cut to form a number of electron emitters. Each of the electron emitters has two electron emission ends defining a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A method for making cathode slurry is provided and includes the following steps. First, a number of electron emitters, an inorganic binder, and an organic carrier are provided. Second, the electron emitters, the inorganic binder, and the organic carrier are mixed to obtain a mixture. Third, the mixture is mechanically pressed and sheared.

Abstract: A triode-type field emission device and method of manufacturing the same, suitable for use in screen print process of curved or planar substrate, comprising the following steps: firstly, form a cathode and a gate on a cathode substrate at the same time by means of screen printing, and a gap is located between gate and cathode, to avoid short circuit or interference; next, form a hedgehog-shape field emission layer on at least said cathode; then, form a transparent conductive layer and a light emitting layer sequentially on an anode substrate; and finally, dispose cathode substrate and anode substrate in parallel and spaced apart, and package them into a triode-type field emission device. Bias of cathode and gate can be controlled to achieve local adjustment of light. Also, gate may serve as an emitter, to increase field emission efficiency and its service life.

Abstract: A method for making cathode slurry is provided and includes the following steps. First, a plurality of electron emitters, an inorganic binder, and an organic carrier are provided. Second, the plurality of electron emitters, the inorganic binder, and the organic carrier are mixed to obtain a mixture. Third, the mixture is mechanically pressed and sheared.