Abstract: A microscale vacuum electronic device (10) provides for a mechanical modulation of cathode (12) position with respect to the anode position, the anode electrically biased with respect to the cathode and held in an evacuated housing with the cathode, allowing improved high-frequency modulation of an electron beam (24) useful for vacuum electronic devices such as klystrons, klystrodes, and high frequency triodes.

Abstract: The following method is provided: a method of readily fabricating an electron-emitting device, coated with a low-work function material, having good electron-emitting properties with high reproducibility such that differences in electron-emitting properties between electron-emitting devices are reduced. Before a structure is coated with the low-work function material, a metal oxide layer is formed on the structure.

Abstract: An electron source excellent in the uniformity in current emission distribution is provided certainly and at a low cost. A process for producing an electron source having an electron emitting portion at one end of a rod, which comprises a step of forming the electron emitting portion by machining, and a step of removing a damaged layer at the surface of the formed electron emitting portion by chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a pressed scandate dispenser cathode, firstly, scandium nitrate, barium nitrate, calcium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and ammonium metatungstate (AMT) are dissolved in de-ionized water, respectively, and then mixed with a solution of a cross-link agent such as citric acid and H2O2. After water bathing, the mixed aqueous solution turns into gel, and the powders are obtained after the gel calcination. Secondly, the calcined powders are reduced by hydrogen. Finally, the reduced powders are pressed into shapes and then sintered in the furnace with the atmosphere of hydrogen or by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS 3.202-MK-V) in vacuum.

Abstract: There are provided an electron emitter of which deviation in electron emission characteristic is small, a method of manufacturing the electron emitter, and an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus having the electron emitter. The method of manufacturing an electron emitter, in which electrons are emitted from an electron emission portion formed in a conductive film, comprises forming the conductive film in a pattern on a substrate by the use of a droplet jetting method; selectively removing a part of the conductive film; and forming the electron emission portion in the conductive film.

Abstract: A field emission cathode plate is disclosed, which includes: a substrate; a cathode layer, disposed on the substrate; a conductive layer with an arc surface or a resistor layer with an opening and resistivity larger than that of the cathode layer, disposed on the cathode layer; and a cambered field emission layer, having an arc surface and disposed on the conductive layer or on the cathode layer in the opening of the resistor layer and covering the resistor layer around the opening. The present invention also provides a method for fabricating the above-mentioned field emission cathode plate. The method can provide field emission cathode plate achieving uniform field emission and does not involve high resolution and cost.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for fabricating ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratio at low temperature, which is associated with semiconductor manufacturing process and a gate controlled field emission triode is obtained. The process comprises providing a semiconductor substrate, depositing a dielectric layer and a conducting layer, respectively, on the semiconductor substrate, defining the positions of emitter arrays on the dielectric layer and conducting layer, depositing an ultra thin ZnO film as a seeding layer on the substrate, growing the ZnO nanowires as the emitter arrays by using hydrothermal process, and etching the areas excluding the emitter arrays, then obtaining the gate controlled field emission triode.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating field emission display devices. A first substrate is provided. A cathode structure is formed on the first substrate. A surface treatment procedure is performed on the first substrate with cathode structure thereon. A second substrate opposing the first substrate is provided and assembled in vacuum with a wall rib therebetween. The surface treatment procedure includes free radical oxidization and a supercritical CO2 fluid cleaning.

Abstract: An electron emission display and method of fabricating a mesh electrode structure for the same. The electron emission display includes: an electron emission substrate having an electron emission region; a mesh electrode structure including a mesh electrode having an opening, through which electrons emitted from the electron emission region can pass, and a mesh electrode insulating layer formed at one side of the mesh electrode using a direct printing method; and an image forming substrate having an image forming region for emitting light by the emitted electrons. The method improves voltage resistance characteristics between the gate or cathode electrode and the mesh electrode, and eliminates the need for a lower spacer.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with medium to low-site density growth for use in field emission devices (FEDs). The method involves the deposition of a non-catalytic metal layer (interlayer), preferably a metallic conductor, onto the surface of a substrate, prior to the deposition of a catalytic layer (overlayer). The interlayer allows for only partial (sparse) growth of CNTs on the substrate, and helps to prevent resist layer “lift-off” when photolithographic processing is employed.

Abstract: An electron emission device is provided which has sufficient on/off characteristics and is capable of efficiently emitting electrons with a low voltage. An electron emission device includes a substrate, a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, which are arranged on the substrate, an insulation layer covering the surface of the cathode electrode, and a dipole layer formed by terminating the surface of the insulation layer with hydrogen.

Abstract: Methods are provided for fabricating field emitters by using laser-induced re-crystallization. A substrate is first provided on which a silicon-containing layer is formed. A plurality of extrusive tips are thereafter formed to be extruded from the surface of the silicon-containing layer by using laser-induced re-crystallization. The methods of the laser-induced re-crystallization include a step of subjecting the overall or partial silicon-containing layer to an energy source, either unpatterned or patterned.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission element, the method includes providing one supporting member and wrapping a carbon nanotube (CNT) film around an outer surface of the supporting member at least once. The CNT film includes a plurality of bundles of carbon nanotubes connected in series.

Abstract: An electron emission device is disclosed. The electron emission device includes a resistance layer for electrically connecting a line electrode and isolate electrodes included in the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode can maintain a uniform voltage due to the resistance layer. A protection layer is located on the resistance layer. The protection layer prevents conductive elements contained in the resistance layer from diffusing over the protection layer. The protection layer also prevents the resistance layer from being oxidized.

Abstract: Electron multipliers and techniques for manufacturing electron multipliers are provided. In one embodiment, an electron multiplier includes at least two electrodes, a plurality of electron emission tips for emitting electrons formed on one of the at least two electrodes, and at least one porous structure having a plurality of pores for multiplying the electrons emitted from the plurality of electron emission tips. The porous structure includes a metal core and a layer of insulator material coated on an outer surface of the metal core, and is disposed between the at least two electrodes.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an image display apparatus includes disposing a frame member though a first joining material on a main surface of a first substrate on which an electron emitting element is to be disposed, and heating the first joining material to be softened and cooling the first joining material to be solidified, to join the frame member with the first substrate through the first joining material. The method also includes disposing, on the main surface, a spacer provided with an antistatic film on a surface thereof, disposing a second substrate provided with an anode electrode opposed to the main surface, and joining the second substrate with the frame member through a second joining material at a temperature lower than a heating temperature at the joining of the frame member with the first substrate through the first joining material.

Abstract: An electron emission device which can uniformly emit electrons and can be simply manufactured at a reduced cost, and a display apparatus having improved uniform brightness of pixels by using the electron emission device. In addition, a simple method of manufacturing the electron emission device. The electron emission device includes: a first substrate; a cathode electrode and an electron emission unit disposed on the first substrate; a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode electrode; an insulating layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode electrode from the gate electrode; and an electron emission source including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that contact the cathode electrode, wherein distances between the gate electrode and the tips of the CNTs are uniform.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon nanotube array element includes the steps of: providing a first substrate coated with a conductive paste layer; forming an array of thin film blocks of catalyst on a second substrate; forming each of the thin film blocks into islands of catalyst; forming carbon nanotube bundles on the islands of catalyst, each of the carbon nanotube bundles including a plurality of carbon nanotubes and having a free end portion; pressing the second substrate toward the first substrate such that the free end portions insert into the conductive paste layer; solidifying the conductive paste layer; and removing the second substrate together with the islands of catalyst from the carbon nanotube bundles, thereby forming an open end for each of the carbon nanotubes. A carbon nanotube array element for a field emission cathode device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A Field Emission Device (FED) and its method of manufacture includes: forming a substrate; forming a cathode having a cathode aperture on an upper surface of the substrate; forming a material layer having a first through hole with a smaller diameter than that of the cathode aperture on an upper surface of the cathode; forming a first insulator having a first cavity on an upper surface of the material layer; forming a gate electrode having a second through hole on an upper surface of the first insulator; and forming an emitter in a central portion of the cathode aperture.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron source, a carbon nanotube (CNT) electron source, and a method of field emission using an electron source are disclosed. Embodiments provide convenient and effective mechanisms for improving thermal and mechanical performance of CNT electron sources, in one example, by heating a polymer-based matrix (e.g., PDMS) beyond its curing point until the polymer decomposes to form a cross linked and rigid matrix comprising silicon dioxide (SiO2). Additionally, embodiments provide convenient, effective and cost-efficient mechanisms for producing large-scale electron sources with controlled and nearly uniform CNT densities by spin coating a CNT/PDMS solution onto a substrate comprising an electrode, where an electric field is used to align the CNTs while the matrix is heated to convert the PDMS-based matrix to an SiO2-based matrix to secure the CNTs with respect to one another and with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: An emitter includes an electrode, and a number of carbon nanotubes fixed on the electrode. The carbon nanotubes each have a first end and a second end. The first end is electrically connected to the substrate and the second end has a needle-shaped tip. Two second ends of carbon nanotubes have a larger distance therebetween than that of the first ends thereof, which is advantageous for a better screening affection. Moreover, the needle-shaped tip of the second ends of the carbon nanotube has a lower size and higher aspect ratio than the conventional carbon nanotube, which, therefore, is attributed to bear a larger emission current.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission device includes the following steps. A base and at least one carbon nanotube yarn are provided. The at least one carbon nanotube yarn is attached to the base. The at least one carbon nanotube yarn includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments. The carbon nanotube segments are joined end to end by van der Waals attractive force.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a planar light source and method for driving the same is provided. The apparatus for generating a planar light source comprises an emitting layer disposed not only on a cathode electrode, but also on a gate electrode as well. Accordingly, by applying an AC voltage to the apparatus, a duty cycle of the AC voltage can reach 100% so as to enhance the brightness to the extent that the apparatus is applied a DC voltage.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide an electron emitting layer with improved efficiency of electron emission and prevented damage of the device. [SOLVING MEANS] An electron emitting device including an amorphous electron supply layer 4, an insulating layer 5 formed on the electron supply layer 4, and an electrode 6 formed on the insulating layer 5, the electron emitting device emitting electrons when an electric field is applied between the electron supply layer 4 and the electrode 6, wherein the electron emitting device includes a concave portion 7 provided by notching the electrode 6 and the insulating layer 5 to expose the electron supply layer 4, and a carbon layer 8 covering the electrode 6 and the concave portion 7 except for an inner portion 4b of an exposed surface 4a of the electron supply layer 4 and being in contact with an edge portion 4c of the exposed surface 4a of the electron supply layer 4.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of manufacturing an electrode and emitter in a field emission device, and devices formed from the methods. Compositions useful for the manufacture of an electrode and emitter in a field emission device are also described.

Abstract: Described is a micro-fabricated charged particle emission device including a substrate and a plurality of charged particle emission sites formed in the substrate. A path extends between each emission site and a source of liquid metal. Each path is coated with a wetting layer of non-oxidizing metal for wetting the liquid metal. Exemplary non-oxidizing metals that may be used to provide the wetting layer include gold and platinum. The wetting layer is sufficiently thin such that some liquid metal is able to flow to each emission site despite any chemical interaction between the liquid metal and the non-oxidizing metal of the wetting layer.

Abstract: Provided are electron-emitting devices, electron sources, and image-forming apparatus improved in electron emission efficiency and in convergence of trajectories of emitted electrons. An electron-emitting device has a first electrode and a second electrode placed in opposition to each other with a gap between first and second electrodes on a surface of a substrate, and a plurality of fibers electrically connected to the first electrode and containing carbon as a main component, and the fibers are placed on a surface of the first electrode facing the second electrode.

Abstract: A field emission display (FED) with an integrated triode structure is provided. The FED can be manufactured without using a complex packaging process and have a significantly reduced well diameter and a significantly reduced cathode-to-anode distance. In the FED, front and rear panels form a single body using an anode insulating layer as an intermediate. A method for manufacturing the FED using anodic oxidation is also provided.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a carbon nanotube field emitter array is disclosed, which has the steps of (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a cathode layer having a first pattern on the substrate; (c) forming an opaque insulating layer having a second pattern on the substrate, wherein a predetermined part of the cathode layer is exposed; (d) forming a gate layer having the second pattern on the opaque insulating layer; (e) forming a carbon nanotube layer on the entire top surface of the substrate; and (f) exposing the carbon nanotube layer to a light beam coming from the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: A stable field-emission electron source that does not suffer from a current drop even after a high-current density operation for a long time is provided. The field-emission electron source includes: a substrate; an insulating layer that is formed on the substrate and that has a plurality of openings; cathodes arranged at the respective openings in order to emit electron beams; a lead electrode formed on the insulating layer in order to control emission of electrons from the respective cathodes; and a surface-modifying layer formed on the surface of each of the cathodes emitting electrons, comprising a chemical bond between a cathode material composing the cathodes and a material different from the cathode material.

Abstract: A field effect electron emitting apparatus comprising a substrate, a plurality of wires embedded in the substrate, at least a portion of each wire being exposed from the substrate and extending generally perpendicularly therefrom and including magnetic material, wherein the average wire spacing is less than 30 ?m, the average spacing height ratio is between 1 and 3 and the average wire aspect ratio is greater than 3. Also a method of manufacturing an electron emitting apparatus, a field effect display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, an illumination apparatus having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, and a backlight apparatus for a liquid crystal display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes which have been treated with an ion beam. The ion beam may be any ions, including gallium, hydrogen, helium, argon, carbon, oxygen, and xenon ions. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes, wherein the nanotubes have been treated with an ion beam. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been treated with an ion beam is further disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are an electron emission source, a display apparatus using the same, an electronic device, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus. The electron emission source includes a substrate, a cathode separately manufactured from the substrate, and a needle-shaped electron emission material layer, e.g., carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, fixed to the cathode by an adhesive layer. The CNT layer is formed by a suspension filtering method, and electron emission density is increased by a subsequent taping process on the electron emission material layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a durable electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic, an electron source, and an image-forming apparatus having a uniform display characteristic for a long period are provided. The method for producing an electron-emitting device according to the present invention includes the steps of: disposing a cathode electrode on a surface of a substrate; providing an electrode opposite the cathode electrode; disposing plural pieces of fiber containing carbon as a main component on the cathode electrode; and applying potential higher than potential applied to the cathode electrode under depressurized condition to an electrode opposite the cathode electrode.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a producing method for an electron emitting device of field emission type, having sufficient on/off characteristics and capable of efficient electron emission at a low voltage. There is provided a producing method for an electron emitting device including steps of preparing a plurality of electroconductive particles each covered with an insulation material having a thickness of 10 nm or less at least on a part of a surface of the particle, and forming a dipole layer on a surface of the insulation material covering each of the plurality of electroconductive particles.

Abstract: In an electron-emitting device having a pair of electroconductors arranged on a substrate at an interval, a top of one electroconductor is higher than that of the other electroconductor and a groove extending from the interval region toward a position under a region where the one electroconductor is come into contact with the substrate is formed on the substrate. Deterioration of the electron-emitting device due to collision of charged particles is suppressed by the asymmetrical electron-emitting region, electron-emitting efficiency is improved, and a long life is realized.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electron emitter, the method includes discharging a droplet of a function liquid containing a material for forming the conductive film onto a discharge surface of the substrate by a droplet discharge device to adhere a liquid-state object to at least part of an area in which the conductive film is to be formed, drying the liquid-state to form the conductive film, and forming an electron emission section in the conductive film by applying an current between the pair of element electrodes, wherein when accompanied by the drying to form the conductive film, the discharging forms the liquid-state object in a shape having a constricted part for forming a latent image section that has a relatively thin film thickness in a portion for forming the electron emitter.

Abstract: A preferred method for making a carbon nanotube-based field emission cathode device in accordance with the invention includes the following steps: preparing a solution having a solvent and a predetermined quantity of carbon nanotubes dispersed therein; providing a base with an electrode (101) formed thereon; forming a layer of conductive grease (102) on the base; distributing the solution on the layer of conductive grease, and forming a carbon nanotube layer (103) at least attached on the surface of the conductive grease after the solvent evaporates; and scratching the layer of conductive grease, in order to raise first ends of at least some of the carbon nanotubes from the conductive grease and thereby attain an effective carbon nanotube field emission cathode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a precursor to an electron-emitting device includes the steps of preparing an electron-emitting member, and alternately exposing the electron-emitting member to an oxygen-containing gas and a metal-containing gas.

Abstract: An electron emission apparatus includes an insulating substrate, one or more grids located on the substrate, wherein the one or more grids includes: a first, second, third and fourth electrode that are located on the periphery of the gird, wherein the first and the second electrode are parallel to each other, and the third and fourth electrodes are parallel to each other; and one or more electron emission units located on the substrate. Each the electron unit includes at least one electron emitter, and the electron emitter includes a first end, a second end and a gap. At least one electron emission end is located in the gap.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a corona-producing emitter electrode by depositing substantially pure silicon carbide by CVD and forming a corona-producing emitter electrode with the deposited silicon carbide. In addition, a method of forming a corona-producing gas ionizer is provided by providing a corona electrode formed from CVD silicon carbide, electrically coupling the corona electrode to a high voltage power supply, and providing an AC or DC voltage from the high voltage power supply to the corona electrode. Furthermore, a method of ionizing gas in an environment is provided by providing a corona-producing ionizer emitter electrode formed substantially of CVD silicon carbide, electrically coupling the electrode to a high voltage power supply, and providing an AC or DC voltage from the high voltage power supply to the electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission cathode comprising the steps of providing a liquid compound comprising a liquid phenolic resin and at least one of a metal salt and a metal oxide, arranging a conductive cathode support (2) such that said conductive cathode support comes in a vicinity of said liquid compound (2) and heating said liquid compound (2). By performing the above mentioned steps, a solid compound foam is formed which is transformed from said liquid compound, said solid compound foam at least partly covering said conductive cathode support. Advantage with the novel compound comprises its improved work function and the minimal or non-existing training period. Hence, this novel method will provide the possibility to manufacture a field emission cathode at a fraction of the cost associated with the in prior art used methods and materials.

Abstract: A thermal electron emission source includes a first electrode, a second electrode insulated from the first electrode, a carbon nanotube string electrically connected to and in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode, and a number of electron emission particles. The carbon nanotube string is composed of a number of closely packed carbon nanotube bundles, and each of the carbon nanotube bundles includes a number of carbon nanotubes. The electron emission particles are uniformly dispersed in the carbon nanotube string and are coated on the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes. A method for making the thermal electron emission source is also provided.

Abstract: A white-light emitting device comprises a substrate, a short wavelength light source, a protective layer, a first structure, and a second structure. The short wavelength light source is disposed on the substrate for generating a first light, and the protective layer covering the short wavelength light source is pervious to the first light. The first structure is disposed on the protective layer for generating a second light, in which the first structure includes a first quantum well and a transmission layer. The second structure is disposed on the first structure for generating a third light. Finally, the first light, the second light, and the third light are mixed to generate a white light.

Abstract: A method of batch fabrication using established photolithographic techniques allowing nanoparticles or nanodevices to be fabricated and mounted into a macroscopic device in a repeatable, reliable manner suitable for large-scale mass production. Nanoparticles can be grown on macroscopic “modules” which can be easily manipulated and shaped to fit standard mounts in various devices.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tubular carbon molecule capable of regularly aligning a carbon nanotube with a finer spacing is provided. A catalyst is arranged on a material substrate (10) made of a semiconductor such as silicon (Si) and including iron (Fe) as a catalyst through the use of melting according to a modulated heat distribution (11). The heat distribution (11) is formed, for example, through diffracting an energy beam (12) by a diffraction grating (13). As a method of arranging the catalyst, for example, iron may be deposited in a planar shape or a projection shape in a position corresponding to the heat distribution (11), or the deposited iron may be used as a master to be transferred to another substrate. A carbon nanotube is grown through the use of the arranged catalyst. The grown carbon nanotube can be used as a recording apparatus, a field electron emission device, an FED or the like.

Abstract: The present invention disclose a printable nanocomposite cold cathode slurry, and a method of producing a field emission type cold cathode using the same. The slurry use electroconductive nanocomposite materials, inorganic binders, organic solvents and adjuvants as its main components. The weight ratio of the electroconductive nanocomposite materials and the inorganic binders is 0.1:1˜10:1. The organic solvents and the adjuvants in the slurry are removed by heat treatment. In the cold cathode produced with the slurry, the electroconductive nanocomposite materials and the inorganic binders form a compactly cumulated composite emission structure with a thickness of several microns to hundreds microns. In order to further increase the emission characteristics, using a selective etching technology aim at the inorganic binders to remove the solidified binders on the surface, and exposure the electroconductive nanocomposite materials beneath them.

Abstract: A field emission device has an improved structure in which electron emission from a cathode is enhanced through external light radiation. The field emission device includes: a light transmitting substrate; a cathode unit arranged on the light transmitting substrate and adapted to emit electrons, the cathode unit including: a first electrode layer of a transparent conductive material arranged on the substrate; a first electron emission layer of a semiconductive polymer organic material arranged on the first electrode layer; a second electron emission layer of a composite of a carbon-based inorganic material and a semiconductive polymer organic material arranged on the first electron emission layer; and a second electrode layer of a conductive material arranged on the second electron emission layer. The field emission device further includes an anode arranged to face the cathode unit.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a plasma reactor, such as a plasma etch or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor, comprises an electrode plate having a support frame attached to one surface thereof. The electrode plate is composed of a substantially pure material which is compatible with a particular reaction being performed in the reactor, while the support frame is composed of a material having desirable thermal, electrical, and structural characteristics. The support frame is bonded to the electrode plate using a bonding layer, usually a ductile metallic bonding layer, which provides effective thermal and electrical coupling while permitting a degree of thermal expansion mismatch between the support frame and the electrode plate.