Abstract: The end mill grinding device of the present invention includes a tool spindle assembly, which enables multi-axis positioning of a rotating cutting tool being sharpened, and a motor tower, which enables multi-axis positioning of a grinding or cutting wheel for sharpening the end mill tool. The present invention combines linear sharpening and radial tool end grinding capability in the same machine element.

Abstract: A drill for making a hole within a workpiece has a body extending along a longitudinal axis, at least one flute extending along the body, and a drill point extending from the end of the body. The drill point has a periphery and is comprised of a chisel edge, a primary cutting edge extending inwardly from the periphery, a secondary cutting edge extending outwardly from the chisel edge, and a tertiary cutting edge connecting the primary cutting edge with the secondary cutting edge, wherein the tertiary cutting edge has a negative axial rake angle. A method for producing such a drill point is also disclosed wherein in one grinding pass a gash forms the axial rake angle of the secondary cutting edge, and in a separate grinding pass a portion of the secondary cutting edge is removed to produce a tertiary cutting edge having an axial rake angle that is negative.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a helical drill configuration that allows substantially flat bottomed holes to be machined. At the cutting end of the body member, there are at least two cutting edges that are symmetrically oriented on opposing sides of the rotational axis of the drill. In an embodiment of the invention, first and second cutting edge portions form a continuous surface which provides strength and tool stability. The height of the second portions of each of the cutting edges remains relatively consistent along the horizontal for formation of a generally flat bottom hole. In the embodiment, a center point is defined by two sloped peak surfaces. A central straight chisel edge is formed by the intersection of the two sloped peak surfaces. The first cutting edge section extends from the chisel edge to the second cutting edge section. The first cutting edge section for both cutting edges is formed by symmetrically thinning the two peak surface.

Abstract: A following margin of a following flank of an external thread is shifted more in a screw-rotation direction than a leading margin of a leading flank. Thus, during biting, the following margin bites first, thereby suppressing a force that pushes back a tap and reducing a tapping torque. Because margin portions can be disposed parallel to an axis of a thread forming tap, working is easy and manufacture can be performed inexpensively. When, in forming an external thread by grinding by a grinding abrasive, an inclination angle of the axis of a tap blank and an abrasive axis of the grinding abrasive is equal to a lead angle of the external thread, the margins are formed symmetrically across a root. On the other hand, if the inclination angle is made greater than the lead angle, the following margin can be shifted in the screw-rotation direction, enabling manufacture to be performed as easily and inexpensively as in a conventional case.

Abstract: A tool for setting the grind angle for sharpening jigs accurately and repeatably positions a movable support arm so that a consistent angle is ground into chisels regardless of the grinding wheel diameter and particular chisel.

Abstract: A tool bit (1) ready for use consists of a sintered material. It has a longitudinal axis (3). At least one swarf chamber (4) spaced from the longitudinal axis (3) land extending along the longitudinal axis (3) is formed in the tool bit (1). The tool bit (1) has at least one cutting edge (8, 10), which is formed in the tool bit (1) by grinding the already sintered tool bit (1), adjoining the swarf chamber (4). According to the invention the swarf chamber (4) is ground only partly and is otherwise unground.

Abstract: A tapered cutting edge portion and a continuous raised portion from the tapered cutting edge portion are ground in an edge portion of a straight grinding raw material so that an eccentricity is not generated. In a method for grinding a treatment device, one end portion of a tapered grinding raw material is inserted between a grinding surface of a grindstone and a pressing surface of a press block, and finishing surfaces opposite each other while having a predetermined dimension, shape, and angle are ground so that a direction in which abrasive grains of the grindstone run corresponds to a direction of a shaft center. At this point, before the finishing surfaces are ground in the predetermined dimension, shape, and angle which are previously set corresponding to an objective reamer, pre-grinding is performed while a necessary finishing margin with respect to at least one of the surfaces, and then finishing grinding is performed to the other surface.

Abstract: A blank for use in producing an endodontic instrument using a grinding technique includes a cylindrical portion, and a generally conical portion which is to be machined by the grinding technique to form the active part of the endodontic instrument. The generally conical portion of the blank approximates, and is slightly larger than the envelope of the final shape given to the active part of the endodontic instrument after machining. A method is also provided for producing an endodontic instrument having at least one helical cutting edge using the blank.

Abstract: A sharpening guide for use with a chisel and a grinding wheel comprising a rod having a first end and a second end, a pivot assembly carried by the first end, a tool clamp attached to the pivot assembly and movable relative to the rod and adapted to retain the chisel, a base, and a base pivot for movably mounting the rod relative to the base whereby the base pivot is adapted to be mounted adjacent the grinding wheel. A method of sharpening a tool comprising the steps of locating a tool within a tool clamp, rotating the tool clamp toward a grinding wheel about a first axis until the tool is in contact with a grinding wheel, and rotating the tool clamp about a second axis to move the tool across the grinding wheel rotationally.

Abstract: A finishing device for finishing the exterior, flutes and tip of a drill bit is disclosed. The finishing device includes a containment vessel which houses an abrasive media which may have a visco-elastic component and an abrasive component. The drill bit is inserted into or through the abrasive media and rotated. A rotary member may be connected to the shank of the drill bit to provide rotation of the drill bit. The drill bit displaces the abrasive media thereby finishing the exterior, flutes, cutting edges and tip of the drill bit.

Abstract: A drill bit bearing having a treated surface and method for preparing the same is provided. The method includes the steps of polishing at least one contacting surface of the bearing with an abrasive paste to a finish of less than about 10 ?in Ra. The surface of the polishing instrument has a coating that includes a mixture of an epoxy cement and a polymer.

Abstract: A centerless feed-through super-finishing device including: first and second feed-through rollers having first and second longitudinal outer surfaces; a metallic part having a generally cylindrical section, disposed between the outer surfaces, wherein a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical section is generally aligned with the outer surfaces, the cylindrical section having a metal working surface, the outer surfaces disposed in a near-parallel fashion; a rotating mechanism for rotation of the rollers along respective longitudinal axes thereof, and for effecting thereby a rotation of the cylindrical section, wherein an angle between the rollers is selected such that rotation of the rollers propels the cylindrical section between the rollers; and a lapping system including: a lapping tool having a polymeric contact surface disposed to contact the working surface, and a lapping mechanism, associated with the lapping tool, adapted to exert a load on the contact and working surfaces; and abrasive particles, freely

Abstract: Disclosed is a polishing apparatus including a shell, a magnetic controller, an axle, a pusher, a ring, posts, and a stirring element. The shell includes a roof, a floor and a wall between the roof and the floor. Abrasive solution is filled in the shell. The abrasive solution includes abrasive grains and magnetic material. The magnetic controller is located around the wall. The axle can be engaged with a rotary element of a machine. The pusher is connected to the axle and inserted through the roof. A ring is located between the pusher and the wall. Posts are located between the ring and the floor. The stirring element is located on the floor.

Abstract: An indexable insert for drilling includes front and rear edges opposite to each other and having a rotationally symmetrical relation; and two side surfaces opposite to each other and having a rotationally symmetrical relation. Each side surface has first and second cutting edge portions formed thereon. The first cutting edge portion is disposed farther than the second cutting edge from the center of the blank insert, thereby providing a step between the first and second cutting edge. The first cutting edge is adjacent to the front edge.

Abstract: In an indexable insert having wide sides, inclined narrow sides are to be ground, that is to say the grinding allowance 38 is to be removed. To this end, the indexable insert is set in rotation about a driven axis of rotation between a clamping insert and a thrust bolt. Serving for the grinding is a grinding wheel which rotates about rotation axis and which has a circumferential surface 18a contoured in a circular shape and having a largest diameter and is composed of a leading region and a trailing region. The grinding wheel is guided relative to the indexable insert along the geometrical defining line which is formed by the generating line of the finished narrow side in the feed direction. The leading region tapering forwards effects preliminary grinding of the narrow side by longitudinal grinding, whereas the trailing region effects finish grinding by linear contact with the narrow side. The grinding wheel is held with the clamping flanges on a grinding spindle.

Abstract: A surface treatment method can perform coated surface treatment on a cutting edge R and a rake surface, while maintaining a radius of curvature of the cutting edge R and uniformly surface-treating the rake surface. The surface treatment method includes providing an opening chamfered at comers adjacent to an upper surface of the fixture to the fixture for fixing a coated cutting insert; fixing the coated cutting insert inside the opening in such a manner that a rake surface of the coated cutting insert is disposed lower than upper surfaces of the fixture but higher than a lower edge created on the opening of the fixture by the chamfering; and conducting the surface treatment on a cutting edge R and the rake surface of the coated cutting insert.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a helical cutting tool and a helical cutting bit that may be utilized to cut various materials. The helical cutting bit and cutting tool include a variety of features to increase the efficiency of the cutting tool during cutting operations.

Abstract: A method relating to near-net-shape machining of curved contours such as those occurring, for example, in the fabrication of blades for propulsion engines and the like is described. Accordingly, the shape error in curve grinding is minimized by suitable compensation functions, in particular by interpolating and approximating cubic splines. The present method minimizes the number of tests required to set up a grinding machining operation and thus the number of semifinished products required to do so. At the same time, rejects in fabrication of curved workpieces are reduced by increasing the machining quality. The use of complex chucking devices is avoided and cutting performance is maximized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a surgical instrument having a rotatable shaft 2 and a working part 1 disposed thereon, the working part having at least one cutting edge, wherein the shaft 2 and the working part 1 are made of oxide ceramics, characterized in that for the manufacturing of the contour of the instrument, a rough grinding using a grinding tool having a grain size between 40 ?m and 110 ?m is performed, and subsequently, a fine grinding of the cutting edges using a grinding tool having a grain size between 20 ?m and 50 ?m performed.

Abstract: A method and a measuring arrangement for monitoring the condition of a grinder stone of a pulp grinder. A temperature profile for a grinding surface of the grinder stone is determined substantially along the entire length of the grinder stone, a variable representing at least one piece of temperature data of the grinding surface of the grinder stone is determined on the basis of said temperature profile, and the variable representing said temperature data is compared with a reference variable corresponding to said temperature data. If this variable differs from the reference variable in a predefined manner, the state relating to the condition of the grinder stone is identified as abnormal.

Abstract: A tapered cutting edge portion and a continuous raised portion from the tapered cutting edge portion are ground in an edge portion of a straight grinding raw material so that an eccentricity is not generated. In a method for grinding a treatment device, one end portion of a tapered grinding raw material is inserted between a grinding surface of a grindstone and a pressing surface of a press block, and finishing surfaces opposite each other while having a predetermined dimension, shape, and angle are ground so that a direction in which abrasive grains of the grindstone run corresponds to a direction of a shaft center. At this point, before the finishing surfaces are ground in the predetermined dimension, shape, and angle which are previously set corresponding to an objective reamer, pre-grinding is performed while a necessary finishing margin with respect to at least one of the surfaces, and then finishing grinding is performed to the other surface.

Abstract: In prior art, an additional radial inward movement that is performed in accordance with a rotating cam disk is imparted on the grinding disk in order to relief-grind the cutting teeth and the chamfer of taps and the cutting teeth of thread formers. The invention relates to a cam disk which can be rotated about an axis and is provided with a control cam. The control cam forms a group of curves according to a large number of possible undercut contours on the grinding teeth of the tap or thread former, which are to be relief-ground. In order to obtain a specific undercut contour on a cutting tooth, a limited angle of rotation is selected from the control cam. The area is mechanically, optically, or electronically scanned by means of a scanning device. To this avail, the cam disk performs an oscillating rotary movement only above the selected section of the control cam.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cutting tool assembly used for creating grooves in a microreplication tool is described. The cutting tool assembly includes a mounting structure and multiple diamonds mounted in the mounting structure. For example, first and second tool shanks having first and second diamond tips can be positioned in the mounting structure such that a cutting location of a diamond cutting tip of the first tool shank is a defined distance from a cutting location of a diamond cutting tip of the second tool shank. The defined distance may correspond to an integer number of pitch spacings, and may be accurate to within a tolerance of less than approximately 10 microns.

Abstract: A drill bit dresser having a dresser body, a holding clamp slidably joined to the dresser body, and a sanding shoe pivotally attached to the dresser body. The dresser body has means for changing the rake angle of the sanding shoe to accommodate different drill types. A drill bit, leading end first, is inserted into the dresser body and held in a desired positioned by the holding clamp. The sanding shoe is pivoted to the dresser body and engages the drill bit leading end in a vertical up and down motion.

Abstract: The emery wheel grinding machine with adjustable drill bit chuck disclosed herein has an adjustable chuck in which is provided with a T-bushing having an outer flange formed at one end thereof. The outer flange is provided with several pairs of stop traps along its circumference, whereas the number of stop traps are determined according to the number of cutter blades to be shaved. Several stop pins are formed on the surface of the outer flange to control the turning angle of the drill bit or the cutter. The T-bushing further has a taper hole in it. When the chuck head which holds the drill bit or the cutter is inserted into the taper hole, the cutter blade can be in contact with the emery wheel with a certain tilted angle thereby allowing the cutter blades of various length and number to be effectively shaved, ground and finished.

Abstract: An automated drill bit sharpening and verification system employing one or more electronic optical assemblies for gathering orientation data of a drill bit to be sharpened. The drill bit is rotated and aligned to a grinding assembly based on the orientation data. The orientation data of the drill bit may be gathered by illuminating a cutting tip of the drill bit with an illumination ring. Additionally, the orientation data of the drill bit may be gathered by capturing two views (e.g., orthogonal views or front and side views) of the cutting tip of the drill bit.

Abstract: A cutter grinding device has a housing, a motor, a grinding wheel, a holding cap, multiple cutter holding brackets and a cutter clamping assembly. The holding cap is mounted on the housing, encloses the grinding wheel and has multiple holes formed on corresponding axis coinciding with different portions of the grinding wheel. The brackets are mounted respectively in the inserting holes in the holding cap and each has a working hole aligning with the corresponding hole in the holding cap and at least one pair of holding blocks. The holding blocks on the holding brackets have different heights to hold fins of a milling cutter at different positions and angles when inserted into the brackets. Accordingly, the milling cutter can be ground at different angles with the cutter grinding device conveniently and easily.

Abstract: A tapered cutting edge portion and a continuous raise portion from the tapered cutting edge portion are ground in an edge portion of a straight grinding raw material so that an eccentricity is not generated. In a method for grinding a treatment device, one end portion of a tapered grinding raw material is inserted between a grinding surface of a grindstone and a pressing surface of a press block, and finishing surfaces opposite each other while having a predetermined dimension, shape, and angle are ground so that a direction in which abrasive grains of the grindstone run corresponds to a direction of a shaft center. At this point, before the finishing surfaces are ground in the predetermined dimension, shape, and angle which are previously set corresponding to an objective reamer, pre-grinding is performed while a necessary finishing margin with respect to at least one of the surfaces, and then finishing grinding is performed to the other surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to grinding apparatus for grinding the hard metal inserts of rock drill bits, said grinding apparatus having a grinding machine carried on an support system that provides a feed pressure for said grinding machine during grinding, said grinding machine equipped with a grinding pin driven by motor to rotate about its longitudinal axis wherein the grinding cup is rotated at variable speeds and the support system provides a variable feed pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a surgical instrument having a rotatable shaft 2 and a working part 1 disposed thereon, the working part having at least one cutting edge, wherein the shaft 2 and the working part 1 are made of oxide ceramics, characterized in that for the manufacturing of the contour of the instrument, a rough grinding using a grinding tool having a grain size between 40 ?m and 110 ?m is performed, and subsequently, a fine grinding of the cutting edges using a grinding tool having a grain size between 20 ?m and 50 ?m performed.

Abstract: A completely automated apparatus for verifying the identity and geometry of drill bits, re-sharpening the cutting tip of a drill bit and re-positioning a locating ring upon the shank portion of the drill bit subsequent to the re-sharpening of the cutting tip thereof. The apparatus comprises a housing having a pair of cassette trays, a pair of grinding assemblies, a pair of optical assemblies, a pair of primary cleaning assemblies, a pair of secondary cleaning assemblies, a pair of inversion assemblies, a pair of workhead assemblies, a bumping assembly, and a loader assembly attached thereto. The workhead and loader assemblies are used to transport drill bits between the cassette trays and other assemblies in a selected sequence which is controlled and coordinated by a programmable control device. The control device is electrically interfaced to each of the assemblies and allows the cutting tip re-sharpening and locating ring re-positioning processes to be conducted simultaneously on at least two drill bits.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of evaluating the internal structure of a grinding wheel through ultrasonic inspection.

Abstract: A grinding machine, which includes a grinding wheel rotatable by a motor, a first slide movable in X-axis direction, a second slide supported on the first slide and movable in Y-direction, a bracket supported on the second slide and turnable about Y-axis, a tool holder supported on the bracket for holding the workpiece for grinding by the grinding wheel, and a driving mechanism for rotating and reciprocating the tool holder.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for eliminating the surface stress of a silicon wafer comprising forming one or more anti-stress groove(s) on the surface of the silicon wafer. These anti-stress grooves can reduce or eliminate the surface stress of silicon wafer effectively to avoid the formation of slip lines and dislocation arrangements, which may induce the p-n junction to conduct or the leakage current to increase. The process is highly efficient and low in cost. It is simple to manage and does not require additional equipment beyond that already used for processing of silicon wafers.

Abstract: A drilling-head-grinding positioning device comprises a clamper for clamping a drilling head having a rectangular sliding rod and a sleeve clamping seat installed at a front end of the sliding rod, a cylindrical clamping device received in the sleeve clamping seat and a nut screwed at a front end of the sleeve clamping seat; and an adjustable seat; and a top of the adjustable seat having a V shape sliding recess corresponding to the periphery of the sliding rod; a bottom of the sliding recess being formed with a receiving trench for receiving a threaded rod; one side of the sliding recess being formed with a communicating groove communicated to the receiving trench; a hook rod being slidably installed in the receiving trench; and a front end of the hook rod being extended upwards with a plate corresponding to a front end of the sliding rod.

Abstract: A precision cemented carbide threading tap is designed for use in precision tool holders in synchronous high speed tapping. The precision tap includes a fully cylindrical shank without the aid of squares, flats or other notches. The precision tap further includes a threaded body portion and a threaded cutting chamfer portion. The threaded body portion and the threaded cutting chamfer portion of the precision tap are concentric to the cylindrical shank of the tap within a runout of 10 microns. The precision cemented carbide threading tap improves the accuracy, life and speed by which internal screw threads are produced.

Abstract: A curable emulsion comprises: an oil phase comprising blocked polyisocyanate and curative; and an aqueous phase comprising at least partially neutralized crosslinked copolymer of monomers comprising at least one free-radically polymerizable carboxylic acid and at least one of an alkyl or alkaryl (meth)acrylate. In some embodiments, the curable emulsion further comprises nonionic surfactant. Methods of making the curable emulsions and their use in the manufacture of abrasive articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for facilitating sharpening of a tool. A tool holder is provided to present the tool for sharpening against an abrasive member, such as a grinding wheel. A moveable jaw member preferably engages a side of the tool to align the tool with a reference axis. The jaw member preferably supports an alignment finger which moves with the jaw member and which contactingly engages the tool to establish a desired angular orientation of the tool with respect to said axis. The tool preferably includes a flute surface and a cutting edge, and the alignment finger contacts the flute surface adjacent said cutting edge. The alignment finger is further preferably configured so that a distal end thereof is initially adjusted against the abrasive member, such as by a grinding operation, while the alignment member contactingly supports the tool.

Abstract: A process for point superabrasive machining of a nickel based material comprising the steps of providing a tool having a grinding surface coated with a superabrasive material, orienting the tool relative to a surface of the nickel based material to be machined so that there is point contact between the surface to be machined and the grinding surface, and forming a part by removing material at the point contract by rotating the tool. The tool comprises an enlarged portion, a tip portion, and a first shaft portion extending from the enlarged portion to the tip portion, the first shaft portion and the tip portion being coated with an abrasive material, and the first shaft portion having a constant diameter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a helical drill configuration that allows substantially flat bottomed holes to be machined. At the cutting end of the body member, there are at least two cutting edges that are symmetrically oriented on apposing sides of the rotational axis of the drill. In an embodiment of the invention, first and second cutting edge portions form a continuous surface which provides strength and tool stability. The height of the second portions of each of the cutting edges remains relatively consistent along the horizontal for formation of a generally flat bottom hole. In the embodiment, a center point is defined by two sloped peak surfaces. A central straight chisel edge is formed by the intersection of the two sloped peak surfaces. The first cutting edge section extends from the chisel edge to the second cutting edge section. The first cutting edge section for both cutting edges is formed by symmetrically thinning the two peak surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified radial motion method for modifying lengthwise curvature of face-milling spiral bevel and hypoid gears, which is capable of modifying a locus of a cutter center into a curve, without changing a head cutter's geometry, by providing modified radial motion of the head cutter cooperating with rotation of a cradle. The modified radial motion method in accordance with the present invention completely solves the contradictions caused by the existing lengthwise curvature modification methods, which is able to increase the adjustability of the gear set without reducing the tooth contact.

Abstract: A completely automated apparatus for verifying the identity and geometry of drill bits, re-sharpening the cutting tip of a drill bit and re-positioning a locating ring upon the shank portion of the drill bit subsequent to the re-sharpening of the cutting tip thereof. The apparatus comprises a housing having a pair of cassette trays, a pair of grinding assemblies, a pair of optical assemblies, a pair of primary cleaning assemblies, a pair of secondary cleaning assemblies, a pair of inversion assemblies, a pair of workhead assemblies, a bumping assembly, and a loader assembly attached thereto. The workhead and loader assemblies are used to transport drill bits between the cassette trays and other assemblies in a selected sequence which is controlled and coordinated by a programmable control device. The control device is electrically interfaced to each of the assemblies and allows the cutting tip re-sharpening and locating ring re-positioning processes to be conducted simultaneously on at least two drill bits.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a practical gear and gear train which can be used in an actual gear drive system. Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-circular and asymmetrical gear which is practically used in view of durability, a gear train using that gear, and a barrel finishing machine using that gear. Non-circular and asymmetrical gear 10 has a plurality of tooth profiles 20, each of which comprises a substantially semicircular top curve line 16 and a substantially semicircular bottom curved line 18. A center point 22 of the top curved line 16 is on a pitch line 24, and a center point 26 of the bottom curved line 18 lies inside the pitch line 24.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drill bit (2), having main cutting edges (4a, 4b) which are connected together by a transversal cutting edge (6). An open surface (7) which extends into a flute (8) lies adjacent to each main cutting edge. The drill bit (2) is ground, in particular, during a continuous three-dimensional grinding process in such a way that the open surface (7) forms a continuous curved surface which follows a radius of curvature (R) running from the main cutting edge (4a) in the direction of the flute (8). The continuous grinding process, in comparison to a conventional two-stage process, produces an improved drill bit geometry which is devoid of ridges (16). The ridge-free configuration reduces the mechanical stress during drilling to a minimum.

Abstract: A saw grinder having improved wear plates for allowing the saw grinder carriage to move without having to overcome the resistance caused by contact of the saw grinder wear plates with the peripheral edge of a saw blade. The wear plates form two separate wear plate assemblies, each having a slide plate and fixed plate containing a slot for slidably receiving the respective slide plate. This configuration permits the entire saw grinder, except the slide plates, to easily move in the direction of the force applied to the grinder carriage by allowing the slide plates to fixedly engage the peripheral edge of the saw while the fixed plates remain fixed to the saw grinder carriage and thus move therewith. Resilient members can be used to control the relative movement between the fixed plates and slide plates.

Abstract: A drill including a shank portion and a cylindrical body portion contiguous to each other. The cylindrical body portion includes (a) primary cutting edges and secondary cutting edges formed in its axially distal end portion such that each of the secondary cutting edges is located on a radially inner side of the corresponding primary cutting edge; (b) primary rake surfaces of the primary cutting edges and secondary rake surfaces of the secondary cutting edges; and (c) inclined surfaces each of which extends from the corresponding secondary rake surface to a periphery of the cylindrical body portion, and is inclined such that an axial distance between each of the inclined surfaces and the shank portion is reduced as viewed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the corresponding secondary cutting edge, from the corresponding secondary rake surface toward the periphery of the cylindrical body portion.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes a table on which a polishing target member is placed, and at least one nozzle which sprays a polishing solution to a surface of the polishing target member so as to form, by polishing, the surface of the polishing target member. The nozzle and the polishing target member move relative to each other, and an angle of the nozzle is changeable.

Abstract: An apparatus for clamping a workpiece in a machine. The apparatus comprises an inner nose portion being rotatable about an axis of rotation and comprising a plurality of mounting surfaces, and, an outer ring portion rotatable about the axis of rotation and comprising at least one clamp operable between an unclamped position and a clamped position. In the unclamped position, the inner nose portion is rotationally positionable about the axis relative to the clamp such that a workpiece positioned against the mounting surfaces may be oriented relative to the clamp to a position at which with the clamp being operated to the clamped position, the workpiece is clamped against the mounting surfaces. The clamping results in a coupling of the inner nose portion and the outer ring portion whereby with a clamped workpiece, the inner nose portion and the outer ring portion are rotatable together and are positionable about the axis.

Abstract: A method of grinding cutting blades with a grinding wheel having first and second grinding edges. The method comprises rough grinding at least one surface of the cutting blade with the first grinding edge and finish grinding at least one surface of the cutting blade with the second grinding edge.

Abstract: A dental tool sharpener is disclosed having a base. A grinding surface is rotatably attached to the base about a fixed axis, the axis of rotation being perpendicular to the base. a positioner is attached to the base and aligns a top face of a blade of a dental tool such that the top face is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grinding surface. A gripper is attached to the base for grasping the dental tool and for transporting the dental tool from the positioner to the grinding surface while maintaining the top face substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grinding surface.