Abstract: An electrode sharpener has a main body that is threaded directly onto a rotary tool. The body includes a base and a housing connected to the base. The base has a threaded bore and a smaller passage centrally located above the bore through which a wheel mandrel protrudes. A shoulder is machined out of the upper end of the base. The housing, which is preferably made from round stock, is bored out such that it slips over the upper end of the base, with lower ends of the housing abutting the shoulder of the base. Fasteners are included to affix the base to the housing. An abrasive grinding wheel is mounted for rotation on the wheel mandrel and is located within the housing. An adjustment grip with knurled edges is adjustably connected to the outer surface of the housing.

Abstract: A method of increasing the length of time a tool maintains sharp cutting edges utilizes the steps of manufacturing the tool with the cutting edges ground sharp and then partially dulling, to a lighter or heavier extent, those previously ground sharp cutting edges. Often the partial dulling is accomplished by means of applying a brush wheel to the selected cutting edges.

Abstract: A plurality of centering parts 13 corresponding to drill diameters are disposed in a drill centering tool 3 and the drill centering tool 3 is supported at the side of a drill polishing machine 1. A drill 2 to be polished can be easily and accurately centered in the centering part 13 of the drill centering tool 3. In particular, the drill 2 is centered by fitting the front end portion of the spiral drill groove 14 of the drill 2 to a centering pawl 15 of the drill centering tool 3, chucking the centered drill 2 in a drill chuck 4 of the drill polishing machine 1, and polishing by fitting the cutting edge 5 to be polished at the front end of the drill 2 to the polishing surface of a grinder. Even if the drill diameters are different, drills to be polished can be easily centered and polished.

Abstract: Method and an apparatus for the profiling of single-gear or multiple-gear grinding worms for grinding tooth profiles in accordance with the principle of continuous diagonal hob grinding. A grinding worm is divided into at least two axial segments wherein one segment remains unmodified and a second segment receives, by means of special profiling methods, modifications of the spiral faces for the generation of tooth face modifications. The main attribute of these profiling methods is additional movements, which are superimposed on the disk-shaped profiling tool and/or the grinding worm in relation to a given profiling lift position, and which result in the modifications of the grinding worm faces that are mapped onto the faces of the toothed wheel work during subsequent diagonal hob grinding across a grinding worm segment profiled in this manner.

Abstract: An apparatus for grinding a shank of a drill bit includes a base and several movable jaws supported by the base, that are movable toward each other and away from each other. A support ring is rotatably secured to the base, which has a central opening that encircles the movable jaws. A laterally adjustable grinding wheel support is secured to the support ring. Incremental rotation of the support ring results in incremental orbital movement of the grinding wheel support relative to the movable jaws. Lateral adjustment of the grinding wheel support moves the grinding wheel support toward and away from the movable jaws.

Abstract: Significantly improved resistance to breaking while drilling in metal can be realized in twist drill bits having a web thickness taper which is about twice the web thickness taper specified in Standards and in common use in the industry. This creates much shallower flutes and flies in the face of conventional wisdom in the art which holds that the web taper rate should be low to maximize the amount of flute volume available to convey chips and sawdust out of the hole. A flute length of about 1/2" less than the flute lengths specified by the Standards makes it possible to have such a large taper rate but still control variations in tolerances for the flute length. It also provides a marking zone for placing size indicia on the drill bit shank outside the portion which is, ripped by the chuck jaws of a power drill.

Abstract: A completely automated apparatus for verifying the identity and geometry of drill bits, re-sharpening the cutting tip of a drill bit and re-positioning a locating ring upon the shank portion of the drill bit subsequent to the re-sharpening of the cutting tip thereof. The apparatus comprises a housing having a pair of cassette trays, a pair of grinding assemblies, a pair of optical assemblies, a pair of primary cleaning assemblies, a pair of secondary cleaning assemblies, a pair of inversion assemblies, a pair of workhead assemblies, a bumping assembly, and a loader assembly attached thereto. The workhead and loader assemblies are used to transport drill bits between the cassette trays and other assemblies in a selected sequence which is controlled and coordinated by a programmable control device. The control device is electrically interfaced to each of the assemblies and allows the cutting tip re-sharpening and locating ring repositioning processes to be conducted simultaneously on at least two drill bits.

Abstract: Dental reamers are manufactured from a cylindrical metallic blank (e.g., made of a nickel-titanium alloy) that is moved at a feed speed V.sub.A past a rotary grinding wheel whose disk, of variable diameter, determines a linear speed V.sub.L at which material is removed. The feed speed V.sub.A is greater than 91440 cm/min, while the linear speed V.sub.L is less than 7.62 cm/min.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the profiling of single-start or multistart grinding worms for profile grinding of gear-teeth according to the principle of continuous generating grinding. The goal of the proposed profiling principle is to position the profiling tool and/or the grinding worm in relation to each other in such a way that different areas of an axial section of the grinding worm thread (referred to as shape elements) can be profiled with different geometric elements of the active area of a profiling tool (referred to as tool elements). According to the invention, for this purpose, with the aid of a coordination matrix a tool element is coordinated with each shape element of an axial section of the grinding worm thread. The coordination criteria applied in this regard are, in particular, short profiling time and flexible changing of the shape elements.

Abstract: A hand-held drill bit sharpening tool includes a hand grip portion adapted to be held in a user's hand and a clamp on the grip portion adapted to hold a drill bit for sharpening the tip on a grinding wheel. The bit is held in the clamp by thumb pressure of the user. A sight on the grip portion allows visual alignment of the tip of the bit for proper sharpening of the cutting edges. The sight is adjustable to accommodate different drill bits. A guard is provided on the tool for protecting the user's hand from the grinding wheel.

Abstract: The present invention provides sputtering targets which are useful for depositing ferroelectric films and are resistant to crack generation during sputtering. The sputtering targets comprise a disk target which is formed using a sintered material including a compound oxide of Ba and Ti, Sr and Ti, or Ba, Sr and Ti, and which has a surface which has been subjected to grinding, wherein the scratches 4 formed on the surface of the disk target due to grinding have a pattern radiating from an arbitrary point on the plane of the surface of said disk target.

Abstract: A cutting insert that is remanufactured from an insert blank using one or more of four unique shapes to provide at least one sharpened edge. The blank can be either a new insert or one that has been dulled and is due to be discarded. The four unique shapes are a compound shape, a radius and flank shape, a bias helical shape and a helical rake shape. The bias helical shape and the helical rake shape can be either positive or negative. The radius and flank shape can be either concave or convex. One or more shapes can be ground on a blank using standard grinding machinery. Performance of the remanufactured insert frequently exceeds the performance obtained from newly manufactured inserts. Further, the expense to produce a remanufactured insert using a discarded blank is far less than the expense to produce a new insert.

Abstract: A dart sharpening apparatus having a holed upper cover end cap and a hollow main body member. Within the body member are a self contained battery power source and an electrically operated motor used to rotate a honing surface mounted within the end cap. One or more hone cap holes, three in one embodiment, permit the dart's end to be sharpened to be inserted into the cap's hole to engage the honing surface at different angular orientations. By pushing a button external to the body member a conductive strip is moved to engage and electrically connect the motor to the battery power source which results in the honing surface rotating.

Abstract: A method of treating a cutting edge of a tool to reduce deterioration of the cutting edge during a subsequent machining operation. A brush having a plurality of bristles is rotated about an axis of rotation and positioned relative to the cutting edge whereby the brush axis is oriented perpendicular to the cutting edge or at an angle of up to about plus/minus 20 degrees with respect to the perpendicular orientation. The brush is then brought into contact with the cutting tool in the presence of an abrasive material. Preferably the cutting tool is a cutting blade for cutting toothed articles such as gears and the like wherein the cutting edge is formed by the intersection of a front face and a cutting side profile surface of the cutting blade. The rotating brush effectively polishes a portion of the front face and cutting side profile surface which is adjacent to the cutting edge while producing the rounding-off of the cutting edge.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: A swing grinding fixture and process for using the same is disclosed that enables a conventional surface grinder to remanufacture a machine tool cutting insert by grinding a predetermined shape into the insert. A quick clamping insert holder coupled to a slide secures the tool insert in the fixture. A precision spindle cartridge is mounted in a rigid fixture body and coupled to the slide to provide the swing motion required to generate the radius to be ground. The rigid fixture body includes a pair of micrometer adjustable stops which limit the arc through which the slide may be swung and control the flank shape ground into the insert. In an alternative embodiment, a sine plate is attached to the fixture body and is used to incline the fixture to a predetermined insert rake angle. In operation, the grinding fixture is securely mounted to the table of a surface grinder and a cutting tool insert is secured in the insert holder.

Abstract: A thread cutting die or chaser for use with a power driven thread cutting machine is provided with a protective coating of an ultra hard material such as titanium nitride which is initially excluded from or is subsequently removed from the faces of the thread cutting teeth such as by a regrinding thereof after application of the coating to the die.

Abstract: Button inserts of a rock drilling bit are ground by positioning a grinding cup against each button insert and rotating the cup while supplying flushing fluid thereto. The flushing fluid is conducted through an axial bore of a spindle on which the grinding cup is mounted. An inner end of the spindle is mounted for rotation in a grinding head, and is rotated by a drive mechanism disposed within the grinding head. Flushing fluid is supplied to the axial bore through a flushing head mounted on the spindle at a location outside of the grinding head. The flushing head has axially spaced parts that are movable axially relative to one another under the force of flushing fluid passing therethrough, in order to establish a fluid seal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copying cutter provided with a cylindrical or conical body having a spherical end, constituting the active portion of the cutter, said end including a plurality of flutes inclined at a determined angle .theta. relative to the longitudinal axis of the cutter and formed along circular arcs at a determined distance x from the midplane P of the cutter, an inside face and an outside face of each of the flutes constituting, after machining, respectively a cutting face and clearance faces of each tooth of the cutter. The clearance faces comprise a first clearance face and an additional clearance face presenting at least a first facet. The cutting face has a cutting angle .gamma. given by the following equation: ##EQU1## where R is the radius of the cutter. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the cutter.

Abstract: A method of truing cutting tools of the type comprising a plurality of stick-type cutting blades releasably secured in a cutter head, the cutting blades having a cutting edge and a cutting side relief surface oriented at a predetermined relief angle. The method comprises mounting a cutting tool to the spindle of a truing apparatus having a cutting tool spindle and a measuring probe with the probe capable of being moved along a first direction defining probe offset travel and along a second direction defining in/out feed motion of the probe. The cutting side relief surface of the cutting blade is positioned with respect to the probe whereby the cutting side relief surface is substantially parallel to the direction of probe offset travel. The cutting side surface of the cutting blade is probed and the position reading is recorded.

Abstract: A cutter sharpening accessory or cutter holder for use in conjunction with a drill press, radial arm saw or like woodworking apparatus to which a grinding tool, such as a diamond cup wheel, can be secured and rotated at high speed and having a work surface disposed thereunder on which the holder of the invention can be displaced relative to the grinding tool. The cutter sharpening accessory provided in accordance with the invention is adapted to rough and micro adjustment both radially and radial transversely to properly position a cutter to be sharpened relative to the horizontally disposed grinding face of the grinding tool. Continuous adjustment vertically is advantageous provided, furthermore, to ensure that the surface to be ground is properly located vertically relative to the grinding tool.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for regrinding tools having straight or helical grooves with the help of a positioning head, which is provided with a feeler pin, which engages a groove and which, in the direction of advance, is disposed in front of the grinding disk. In order to make it possible to regrind the tool over the whole of its length, it is proposed pursuant to the invention that a positioning head with two feeler pins be used, the first feeler pin, which leads the grinding disk, being retracted from the groove before entry into the groove outlet or, if this groove runs out into the open, before leaving this groove and the second feeler pin, which is rigidly connected with the positioning head, trailing the grinding disk and, after removal of the first feeler pin from the groove, taking over the guidance of the spindle sleeve of the spindle head of the workpiece.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for sharpening twist drill bits, for use with a rotary abrasive wheel. The apparatus has a vertical support plate connectable to a standard adjustable base. A cylindrical ring rotatably mounted in the support plate has a radial dovetailed groove on its front face. A sliding plate, with a mounting flange and hole for a chuck on its angled front face, slides in the dovetailed groove of the ring. An angled bar is mounted on the rear face of the ring, to act as an alignment pointer. Both the ring and the sliding plate each have an angled notch cut out of its front face. The two notches are adjacent to each other, and their two opposite edges are aligned when the sliding plate is centered in the ring. In use, the end of a drill bit is placed into the notches, so that the web of the drill bit can be used as a measurement to offset the position of the sliding plate from center.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, treating an elongate rotary tool that presents a sharp cutting edge are described. The method includes the steps of emitting under pressure from a nozzle an abrasive fluid stream comprising an abrasive grit entrained in a fluid; and impinging the abrasive fluid stream against the sharp cutting edge of the elongate rotary tool for a preselected time so as to transform the sharp cutting edge into a relatively uniformly honed edge. The apparatus includes a rotatable fixture that releasably holds the elongate rotary tool. A nozzle that emits under pressure an abrasive steam. The nozzle and the elongate rotary tool are relatively moveable so that the abrasive stream impinges the entire length of the sharp cutting edge.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: A numerically controlled grinding machine for grinding workpieces, such as tools, and other metallic or ceramic elements, comprises a machine bed (1) having fixedly connected to it a rigid, distortion-free portal (9) which has a reinforcing rear wall (13) rigidly connected to the machine bed, two side stands (10) and a horizontal bridge (11) which extends at a distance above the machine bed (1). A double wheel grinding spindle carrier (20) is adjustably mounted on the portal (9) for positioning along at least one axis (-y). The machine bed (1) projects at one side from the portal (9). The machine bed (1) supports a workpiece carrier movable about a plurality of axes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sharpening machine tool cutter blades in situ is disclosed. A connector adjustably connects a powered sharpening device to the apparatus. Further adjustment of the apparatus relative to the blades is provided by a body member mounting adjustable arms. One of the arms engages the back of the blade being sharpened, thereby providing a reliable and true reference. A second embodiment sharpens rotary saw blades while a third embodiment sharpens router and shaper bits.

Abstract: In forming a helical gear by grinding with a grindstone, the modification accuracy of crowing etc. is improved in such a way that the inequality .beta.>.gamma. c is established wherein .beta. is the helix angle of the helical gear to be ground and .gamma. c is the inclination angle of the grindstone, and the profile of the grindstone is designed to have a vertical angle which is equal to the inclination angle (.gamma. c)of the grindstone.

Abstract: A method for producing a cutting blade comprising the steps of obtaining a cutter head having a plurality of blade-receiving slots formed in a face thereof, positioning the cutter head in coordinate measuring machine, and inspecting a selected one of the slots using the coordinate measuring machine. Data obtained during the inspecting step is recorded on a recording medium transmitted to a computer of a numerical control grinding machine. A cutting blade blank is positioned in and ground by the computer numerical control grinding machine. The grinding step comprises the steps of generating selected finished surfaces of the cutting blade from the cutting blade blank and compensating for dimensional variations of the inspection data of the selected slot relative to dimensional design requirements of the selected slot.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: A drill bit grinding machine including a grinding control device controlled to move the drill bit, permitting it to be ground by the grinding wheel, the grinding control device including a mounting base, a coupling block pivoted to the mounting base to hold a bit holder, a side board coupled to the coupling block, a driven gear controlled to turn the bit holder, an axial movement control block controlled to move the bit holder axially, a tilt angle control device controlled to adjust the tilt angle of the bit holder, and a drive gear controlled to turn the driven gear and the tilt angle control device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for honing, sharpening or grinding a curved peripheral cutting surface of a slicer blade are provided. Included is the use of one of a set of interchangeable cams that generally follows the curved shape of the blade cutting surface, whether same has a constant radius or varying radii. In order to minimize downtime and sanitation operations, the honing is accomplished off-line of the slicer equipment. Preferably, the slicer blade remains perfectly flat during honing, and the movement of one or more honing or grinding wheels is closely controlled so as to provide honed or ground cutting edges which are of substantially uniform width throughout their respective peripheries. Honing is accomplished in accordance with objectively measured sharpness standards by which superior sharpness levels are attained.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: A method of sharpening face-sharpened cutting blades for gears and the like comprising engaging a rotating grinding wheel and the cutting blade in a manner whereby the grinding wheel traverses across the cutting face along a grinding path wherein at least a portion of the grinding path is defined by a feed vector directed generally toward the cutting edge, with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel. The feed vector comprises components of (1) a first axis located in the sharpening plane and extending substantially perpendicular to the top of the cutting face, and, (2) a second axis located in the sharpening plane with the second axis being substantially perpendicular to the first axis. Preferably, the feed vector is directed perpendicular to the cutting edge.

Abstract: A shaving system of the wet shave type includes support structure and blade structure secured to the support structure. The blade structure has an aperture with an annular sharpened shaving edge that is defined by main facet portions that converge at an angle of less than 40.degree., and supplemental facet portions that are extensions of the main facet portions and converge at an included angle of less than 60.degree. to define an annular ultimate tip portion. The annular ultimate tip of the sharpened edge defines a shaving plane and the bisector of the included angle defined by the supplemental facets is disposed at an angle (shaving angle) in the range of 15.degree.-35.degree. to the shaving plane.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an endodontic instrument by a machining operation is disclosed, and wherein a wire-like rod composed of a titanium alloy is advanced past a rotating grinding wheel at a relatively slow feed rate, with a sufficient depth of cut to remove all of the material on a given surface without over grinding a previously ground surface, and with the grinding wheel rotating at a relatively slow surface speed. The disclosed method is able to efficiently produce endodontic instruments having a high degree of flexibility, high resistance to torsional breakage, and with sharp cutting edges along the working length.

Abstract: A spade in a bit body is disclosed to have a planar body shaped with two intersecting cutting faces. The cutting faces extend to side faces defining spade width for cutting a hole to gauge. Inserts positioned in the body are at the comer of the spade. The inserts are formed of very hard material, and provide longer life.

Abstract: A balance adjustment method of an end mill for increasing the accuracy of the machined surface and also for lengthening the tool lifetime, in which mass unbalance between an end gash part of a primary cutting edge and an end gash part of a secondary cutting edge of the end mill having asymmetric cutting parts is balanced by decreasing an end gash angle, an end gash part, a clearance angle or a corner of tooth face of the secondary cutting edge.

Abstract: A twist drill sharpener employing a pair of rotary grinding wheels has three primary drill chuck receiving openings, one for alignment of the twist drill and cams on the twist drill chuck; a second receptacle for grinding the end of a chucked twist drill; and a third receptacle which receives the drill and chuck for grinding a split point on the sharpened twist drill.

Abstract: Gear-shaped precision-working tools, in particular shaving gears, capable of providing an optimum machining result only during a portion of their entire lifetime, since during each regrinding (generating), the profile displacement factor, and thus the number of the tooth flanks which engage successively and simultaneously one after the other the workpiece gear to be machined, is changed. This is remedied with the invention in such a manner that the precision-working tool is reground (generated) while maintaining the original number of teeth (z) and the original normal module of the pitch angle (.beta.), the module in transverse section and the base circle diameter are changed in such a manner that little or no change occurs to an original profile displacement factor (x).

Abstract: An improved drill bit having a shank of larger diameter than the body of the drill has an intermediate section rearward of the point section of the drill of smaller diameter than the point, and a longitudinally elongated, enlarged diameter root section joining the rear end of the intermediate section to the shank. The reduced diameter of the intermediate section provides a clearance space, preventing rubbing of the wall of a hole drilled by the bit, while the enlarged diameter root section increases the resistance of the bit to breaking. An improved method of making the enlarged-root drill bit includes inclining a relieving wheel at a substantially smaller angle to the longitudinal axis of a blank than the angle at which the blank was fluted. In one embodiment having a front tapered tip made by the novel method, rearwardly directed teeth are formed at the rear plane of the drill point, by fluting and relieving steps alone, without requiring an additional machining step.