Abstract: One or more circuits of a satellite reception assembly may be operable to receive a satellite signal, recover content carried in the satellite signal, and broadcast a signal carrying the content for reception by one or more mobile devices. The satellite reception assembly may be mounted to the residence of a satellite subscriber. The signal carrying the content may be frequency locked to a reference signal that is available to the satellite reception assembly and to one or more other satellite reception assemblies. The reference signal may be a GNSS signal. The one or more circuits may communicate with the one or more mobile devices to provide a key to the one or more mobile devices, where the key is required for descrambling and/or decryption of the content carried in said signal.

Abstract: A satellite communication system and method for an adaptive channel assignment is disclosed in which the satellite communication apparatus include a satellite beam generator to generate a satellite beam to be output to a coverage area, a channel assignor to assign a channel for the satellite beam based on interference information of the coverage area, and a communication link forming unit to form a communication link with an earth station disposed in the coverage area based on the assigned channel.

Abstract: Resource allocation to user terminals of a satellite system is optimized, the user terminals configured for data communication with a satellite via a common antenna beam. A resource is allocated, within the common antenna beam, to each user terminal i such that, when total available bandwidth A of the common antenna beam is not less than the total desired bandwidth ?=?i=1n ?i of the antenna beam, bi is no less than ?i, where: ?i is bandwidth demand at user terminal i, approximately equal to Ti-des/si; Ti-des is proportional to a throughput requirement by user terminal i; and si is an estimated spectral efficiency of user terminal i. When A is less than ?, bandwidth bi is allocated to each user terminal such that a number of user terminals supplied respective bandwidth not less than ?i is maximized.

Abstract: Methods and systems involving an incentivized recovery of balloon materials are disclosed herein. An example system may be configured to: (a) determine a landing location of a balloon, where the balloon has been configured to operate as a node in a balloon network; (b) detect a removal event corresponding to the balloon ceasing to operate as a node in the balloon network and descending to the landing location; and (c) in response to detecting the removal event, initiate a transmission of a recovery-assistance signal that is comprised of (i) location data corresponding to the landing location of the balloon and (ii) an indication of an incentive to recover the balloon.

Abstract: Optical downlink system (10) and method of optical data transmission between a remote terminal (20) having a number of n optical communication terminals (OT1-OTn), and a ground terminal (30) comprising a cluster of n optical ground stations (OGS1-OGSn) connected by n optical downlink channels (DL1-DLn) respectively n optical uplink channels (UC1-UCn) characterised by a spatial separation of the optical downlink channels (DL1-DLn) and a temporal separation of the optical uplink channels (UC1-UCn).

Abstract: An apparatus and method of dynamically managing resources for interference control of a satellite and terrestrial integrated communication system is disclosed, the apparatus including a frequency band determiner to determine a frequency band of a satellite beam and a frequency band of a wireless signal based on information on interference between the satellite beam and the wireless signal to which a frequency band identical to the satellite beam is allocated, and a remote controller to remotely control a space-based station to output a satellite beam at an intensity corresponding to a frequency band of a satellite beam, and an earth-based station to output a wireless signal at an intensity corresponding to a frequency band of a wireless signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a method of searching for a channel in the display apparatus includes a plurality of tuners and a plurality of antenna ports respectively connected to the plurality of tuners. The method includes receiving a channel search command; if the channel search command is input, searching for one of the plurality of antenna ports that is connected to a satellite antenna to receive a broadcasting signal, if one of the plurality of antenna ports is connected to the satellite antenna to receive the broadcasting signal, setting one of the plurality of tuners connected to the one antenna port, to a main tuner, and performing a channel search through the tuner set to the main tuner. Therefore, although an antenna port connected to one of the plurality of tuners initially set to a sub tuner, the display apparatus performs a channel search through the corresponding tuner.

Abstract: An approach facilitates synchronization by providing: (i) a method to analyze the two-satellite synchronization problem in time-frequency domain; and (ii) a two-stage estimation method to accomplish timing and frequency synchronization. The embodiment facilitates satellite diversity. The embodiment applies to a system involving two or more geosynchronous satellites.

Abstract: A linearizer-channel amplifier device for a dual RF channel designed to be installed on a telecommunication satellite comprises two independent radiofrequency channels, each radiofrequency channel corresponding to a radiofrequency-signal communication channel and comprising a channel-amplifier module, the two radiofrequency channels being connected to one and the same remote control and telemetry module designed to route and to manage remote control signals dedicated to each of the two channel-amplifier modules and to manage telemetries produced by the two channel-amplifier modules. For application notably to the field of satellite telecommunications and in particular to the radiofrequency transmission systems of satellite repeaters.

Abstract: System and a method for timely interconnecting elements of a wide spread remote measurement, monitoring or data collection system through multiplexing in a satellite system. The invention provides multiplexing features of a satellite system using on-board processing features to gather data from a plurality of remote monitoring stations (4) on any global navigation reference time and multiplex them into a single stream towards one or more computation centers. Each of said computation centers (3) has a down-link adapter (7) capable of extracting a channel from a down-link transmission of a satellite. The data from each of said remote monitoring stations (4) is also passed through an up-link adapter (5) so as to make it suitable for uplink transmission towards a DDBS satellite. Up-link and down-link adapters can be interconnected together to enable loop-back of information such as timing data to monitor transit times.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the position of a terminal located in indoor using a wireless network is disclosed. The method for measuring a position of a terminal located in indoor using a wireless network includes receiving measurement result information obtained by performing measurement with respect to signals from three or more access points (APs), and calculating the position of the terminal using the measurement result information. The measurement result information includes signal strengths measured with respect to signals from a first band and a second band of each of the three APs.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a system and method for acquiring signal received from satellite vehicles (SVs) in a satellite navigation system. In one example, although claimed subject matter is not so limited, information processed in acquiring a signal from a first SV may be used in acquiring a signal from a second SV.

Abstract: A relay and distribution apparatus is provided for a cellular communication system. The relay and distribution apparatus includes an antenna system configured to lay down beams in overlapping first and M second N-cell frequency reuse patterns. The first frequency reuse pattern may be for communication of control channels of a cellular communication system, and the second frequency reuse patterns may be for communication of traffic channels exclusive of control channels of the cellular communication system. The second frequency reuse patterns may be staggered with one another. And cells of the second frequency reuse patterns may have a size only a fraction of which is for transmission of traffic channels any of which may be assignable through a control channel of the first reuse frequency pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods for real-time signal validation are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a subset of terminals in a peer group of satellite terminals is determined. Operational statistics of the satellite terminals in the subset of terminals is measured. Operational statistics of each of the satellite terminals in the subset of terminals is compared to a prior measurement of the same operational statistics. An offset between a current measurement of the operational statistics and the prior measurement of the same operational statistics is determined. An average offset of the current measurement of the operational statistics and the prior measurement of the same operational statistics is determined for the subset of terminals. The average offset for the subset of terminals is merged with a previously determined peer group operational statistic. A signal validation of a terminal is performed using an updated deviation value.

Abstract: A free space optical communication system (100) and method including: several optical beam expanders (414) for receiving incoming optical signals from ground sites and neighboring satellites; several optical preamplifiers (412) for preamplifying the received optical signals; one or more optical main amplifiers (404) for amplifying the preamplified optical signals; and an optical switch (408) for directing respective amplified optical signals to respective destinations via a respective optical beam expander. The respective amplified optical signals are inputted to a respective optical beam expander (414) for transmission to said respective destinations, as outgoing optical signals.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention includes a controller to process a criterion for selecting a point-of-interest (POI). The criterion can be based on historical trip data. Data related to a POI, including a community-of-interest rating, for example, can be accessed through a satellite and terrestrial mobile communication network. Multiple POIs can be graphically represented for user selection based on the criterion and/or other data. Once a POI is selected, data related to the selected POI, including navigation data, can be displayed. In another embodiment, the controller can access navigation data to a specified destination. The navigation data can be based on historical trip data such as route segments and destination areas. The navigation data can be accessed from an in-vehicle system or from a navigation service provider and can be displayed to assist a user in reaching the specified destination.

Abstract: A data delivery system leverages existing satellite infrastructure to deliver massive data sets (e.g., genomic data) to last-mile, remote or rural, locations. The system repurposes existing high-capacity satellite links normally used to broadcast entertainment content by creating customized channels specifically adapted to delivering large data sets to be stored upon computer systems.

Abstract: An alignment device provides position information for an antenna coupled to an extendable tower. The alignment device can provide position data including pitch data, roll data, and azimuth data. The position data can be collected at multiple times, and reported to a remote computing device. The position data can be reported as the raw measured data, a delta between two sets of position data, or other data. The alignment device may be solar powered and include a transceiver client for communicating with a remote computing device via a transceiver server.

Abstract: A microwave antenna terminal for two-way, in-motion communication systems using geostationary or other orbit satellites, and capable of supporting two-way communication in two different frequency ranges, for example Ku and Ka frequency ranges, is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of selecting spot beams to be actually used based on a traffic demand and a signal attenuation of each spot beam, and activating the selected spot beams in a satellite communication system having multiple spot beams. A control apparatus of a multi-spot beam satellite may include a beam selector to select, from among a plurality of spot beams, at least one spot beam to be assigned with a transmission resource, and an assignment resource determining unit to determine a transmission resource to be assigned to the selected at least one spot beam.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring transmission performance of a satellite communications systems are provided, including techniques for measuring the primary contributors to the end-to-end SNR, including the uplink SNR, the downlink SNR, and the C/I for each link in the network. These individual measurements are used to estimate satellite effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), satellite antenna gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T), and loss due to an Earth Terminal pointing error. The EIRP, satellite antenna G/T and loss due to Earth terminal pointing error may then be used to determine operating parameters for the satellite communications network that enable the network to operate more efficiently.

Abstract: In one implementation, gain measurements for one or more satellite elements may be obtained from one or more calibration stations. A matrix may be generated, with each cell providing a storage for relative gain estimate between an element pair with an associated weight indicating a confidence in the estimate. A pair of elements corresponding to an empty matrix cell and a calibration station with non-zero gain measurements for each of the element pair with non-zero weights indicating confidences in the non-zero gain measurements, may be identified. A relative gain estimate for the element pair may be computed using the non-zero gain measurements for each of the element pair. A weight indicating a confidence in the relative gain estimate may be computed using the non-zero weights. The relative gain estimate may be stored in the cell associated with the element pair and the computed weight may be associated with the cell.

Abstract: An ultrawideband radio transceiver/repeater provides a low cost infrastructure solution that merges wireless and wired network devices while providing connection to the plant, flexible repeater capabilities, network security, traffic monitoring and provisioning, and traffic flow control for wired and wireless connectivity of devices or networks. The ultrawideband radio transceiver/repeater can be implemented in discrete, integrated, distributed or embedded forms.

Abstract: Systems and methods for problem signature terminal diagnosis are disclosed. In an example embodiment, measured operational statistics of a satellite terminal of a peer group of satellite terminals are received and converted into normalized operation statistics. Normalized deviations of the operational statistics are determined and compared to the threshold deviations. A diagnosis zone corresponding to a problem signature is determined based on the normalized deviations by determining that coordinates of the normalized deviations are within the diagnosis zone, comparing a ratio based on the normalized deviations to a threshold ratio, or comparing a differential of the normalized deviations to a threshold differential. A satellite terminal is diagnosed with a problem defined by the problem signature based on the determined diagnosis zone.

Abstract: An ultrawideband radio transceiver/repeater provides a low cost infrastructure solution that merges wireless and wired network devices while providing connection to the plant, flexible repeater capabilities, network security, traffic monitoring and provisioning, and traffic flow control for wired and wireless connectivity of devices or networks. The ultrawideband radio transceiver/repeater can be implemented in discrete, integrated, distributed or embedded forms.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed which relate to mitigating the detrimental effects of interference to electronic devices from mobile telephones utilizing any form of time-domain multiplexing technology. A wireless transmitter inside the mobile telephone broadcasts a warning transmission which can be received by affected devices. Once the warning transmission is received by an affected device, the device activates a blanking circuit comprising an actuator and a switch or switches. The switches open for the duration of the interference so that the user does not receive undesired output such as: noise through a speaker, noise through a microphone, or other interference with electrical signals.

Abstract: A free space optical communication system (100) and method including a constellation of several satellites (102). Each of satellites including: several inter-satellite optical telescopes (204) for optical communication with multiple neighboring satellites, each inter-satellite optical telescope is capable of adjusting its elevation angle; and several up/down link optical telescopes (206) for optical communication with multiple ground sites. As the constellation passes a given ground site, some of the up/down-link telescopes of a given satellite are configured to track at least two respective ground optical telescopes of the given ground site and send data to the ground optical telescope with the clearest line of sight to the given satellite. Moreover, each of the satellites includes optical circuitry (208, 210, 212, 216) for optically processing and switching incoming and outgoing optical signals without converting the optical signals into electrical signals.

Abstract: A reach back secure communications terminal includes a modem to satellite interconnect board that captures DTMF tones, demodulates encrypted modem information, and converts both into an ASCII string for presentation to a data port of a satellite phone, allowing out-of-band control of a non-secure satellite system (e.g., AT command control of a data port) by a user on a secure side of an encryption device, by including the ability to interpret control signals and control the satellite system appropriately. A false dial tone is presented to the encryption device, and the data stream coming from the encryption device is monitored for the presence of dual-tone, multi-frequency (DTMF) tones representing control signals, the DTMF tones are converted to ASCII characters, which are in turn received as control signals by the satellite phone, allowing control of the functions of the satellite system directly from the secure side of the encryption device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for recovering access data from a malfunctioning device. In one embodiment, trained service personnel are provided a specialized apparatus for retrieving access data from a malfunctioning device. For example, in the instance the device comprises a cellular device having an unrecoverable hardware failure, trained service personnel can connect to the secure element and retrieve the one or more electronic Subscriber Identity Modules (eSIMs) stored thereon. The eSIMs are then “reclaimed” and reprogrammed/distributed to a new device. In one implementation, security and integrity measures are taken to protect and control distribution of sensitive access data.

Abstract: An outdoor broadband unit may be connected to an external portion of a customer premises. The outdoor broadband unit may include a radio frequency (RF) antenna to receive communications from a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network and a printed wiring board. The printed wiring board may include an integrated circuit (IC) chip to implement a subscriber identity module (SIM) to provide services for the LTE network. The IC chip may be soldered to the printed wiring board and have a rated temperature range corresponding to an industrial grade or military grade integrated circuit. The IC chip may provide authentication services for the SIM using a hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) connection. The printed wiring board may further include a control module to implement an air interface for the LTE network. A radome may contain the RF antenna and the printed wiring board.

Abstract: A method, satellite and system utilizes non-geostationary satellite orbit (NGSO) frequency spectrum in geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) satellite communication in a non-interfering manner. A ground station transmits signals to a GSO satellite using a GSO frequency band and an extended frequency spectrum including the NGSO frequency band whenever a noninterference situation exists, i.e., when an NGSO satellite is not in-line between the earth terminal and the GSO satellite or when the NGSO satellite is not utilizing the NGSO band of interest. A command module is provided to instruct the ground station to transmit signals to the GSO satellite using the GSO frequency band and the extended frequency spectrum.

Abstract: A method is provided that comprises tuning a radio system to a frequency band that contains a locally-broadcast terrestrial radio signal. The locally-broadcast terrestrial radio signal comprising a main signal component and a side data component is thereby received. In response to receiving the locally-broadcast terrestrial radio signal a determination is made as to a permissible time for processing the side data component using a time slot schedule. The side data component is processed at the permissible time. A message corresponding to the side data component is outputted to an output device. In some instances, the side data component includes the message. In other instances, the method further includes searching a message lookup list using a code included in the side data component. When a stored code is found that matches the code, the message corresponding to the matching stored code is outputted.

Abstract: A method and system for communication with a mobile platform is provided. An antenna system coupled to a transmitter for use in providing a communication channel to a mobile user includes a first linear transmit array of radiating horns, a second linear transmit array of radiating horns, and at least one reflector coupled to at least one of the first linear transmit array and the second linear transmit array, the at least one reflector configured to reflect illumination from the first and second linear transmit arrays to form a communication channel for the mobile user.

Abstract: A system and method for performing automatic uplink power control (AUPC), using interference cancellation, to compensate for signal attenuation in a satellite communication system in which uplink path attenuation, forward channel attenuation, or both are estimated at a hub station without requiring signal quality reports from a remote station, and without requiring a satellite beacon. Estimates of uplink path attenuation or forward channel attenuation are used by the hub station to control the output power of a transmitted signal, thereby compensating for the estimated attenuation.

Abstract: A user device is associated with a dynamic trust score that may be updated as needed, where the trust score and the updates are based on various activities and information associated with the mobile device. The trust score is based on both parameters of the device, such as device type, registered device location, device phone number, device ID, the last time the device has been accessed, etc. and activities the device engages in, such as amount of transactions, dollar amount of transactions, amount of denied requests, amount of approved requests, location of requests, etc. Based on a transaction request from the user device, the trust score and a network reputation score is used to determine an overall trust/fraud score associated with the transaction request.

Abstract: An aircraft-mounted base transceiver station (mBTS) for providing intermittent coverage in a cellular radio network. The mBTS utilizes the existing protocol of its terrestrial counterparts, thereby avoiding dual-mode devices and enabling common usage of terminal monitoring and device management systems for devices connected to a single radio access network even when outside terrestrial coverage areas. The aircraft follows a transient flight pattern, providing intermittent flyover connectivity for remote radio device such as machine-type devices. Connectivity may be store and forward. Channel usage may be adjusted to avoid interfering with terrestrial communication cells during flyover. Doppler effects due to aircraft speed may be accounted for. The mBTS may be configured to service in-range radio devices which are outside a Doppler-inhibited region and/or to prioritize communication with devices based on expected time outside the Doppler-inhibited region.

Abstract: There is provided a mobile satellite communication terminal system including a transmit/receive sub-system. The transmit/receive sub-system includes an antenna dish, a feed boom assembly, and a power supply unit having a first power input adapted to receive alternating current power and a second power input adapted to receive direct current power. The power supply unit is able to operate on either alternating current or direct current for supplying power to the transmit/receive sub-system. The power supply unit is received in a grip case. A transport container is provided. The antenna dish, the feed boom assembly, and the grip case are received in the transport container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a smart upconverter for a broadband satellite communication. The smart upconverter of the present invention automatically senses the detailed band from among the IF bands of a broadband in a broadband satellite communication earth station, to which a transmission signal belongs, and pre-removes the detailed band which is not used in upconverting but generates spurious, thus preventing spurious (2IF+LO) problems in an in-band including the transmission signal.

Abstract: Techniques for providing broadcast services on spot beam satellite are provided. These techniques enable the mission of a spot beam satellite system to be changed from providing spot beam transmission to broadcast transmissions, and vice versa, without requiring that the satellite be reconfigured. Broadcast data may be encoded and transmitted concurrently on a plurality of spot beams. According to some embodiments, the broadcast data may be encoded using a space-time code and/or forward error corrected (FEC) encoded to enable a receiver to correct errors in the signal received from the spot beam satellite.

Abstract: A communications system comprising: a public network service provider; and a satellite hub, wherein the public network service provider is connectable to a client system by a first link and connectable to a public network by a second link, and wherein the satellite hub is connectable to the client system via a satellite link, wherein the public network service provider and the satellite hub are connected by means of a dedicated point-to-point interconnect.

Abstract: A novel terrestrial wireless communications technique for terrestrial portable terminals including hand-held mobile devices and fixed wireless instruments, utilizing a spoke-and-hub communications system, having a plurality of individual hubs and/or base-stations all in communications with the portable terminals. The portable terminals and the hubs are assigned to use incompatible polarity formats in terms of circularly polarity (CP) and linearly polarity (LP). In forward links, a signal processed by the LP ground telecommunications hubs is radiated through multiple antennas with various LP polarities to an individual CP user simultaneously. The multiple paths are organized via assignments of a plurality of polarities, frequency slots, and directions by wavefront multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques such that the same communications assets including frequency spectrum may be re-used by other users. The same polarity diversity methods can be extended to peer-to-peer communications.

Abstract: The invention refers to a base station (BTS) and a method for a BTS, for a cellular communication system comprising a user equipment (UE) onboard an aircraft, when at a predetermined altitude, and a terrestrial network. The invention is characterised in that the BTS is arranged to be an airborne onboard BTS comprising a screening device generating a first signal (S1) matched to screen a second signal (S2) from the terrestrial network at a predetermined altitude. The onboard BTS also comprises a signal generator generating a third signal (S3) stronger than both the first signal (S1) and the second signal (S2), the onboard BTS arranged to establish a communication link with the UE via the third signal (S3).

Abstract: A system for surveying aircraft present in an area covered by at least one communication satellite, the aircraft transmitting signals conveying surveillance messages. The coverage area consists of multiple spots, the satellite is configured to periodically apply a switching sequence, the sequence consisting of multiple switching phases, a switching phase corresponding to a duration during which the signals transmitted by the aircraft present in at least one spot are processed by the satellite in such a way as to detect surveillance messages, and the sequence is adapted to allow for the detection, during a predetermined period Tup, of at least one surveillance message by aircraft present in the coverage area.

Abstract: A method is presented for transmitting data in a satellite system having multiple spot beams comprising (1) sending a broadband signal in a forward direction from a gateway terminal to a communications satellite for relay to at least one subscriber terminal, (2) receiving the broadband signal at the communications satellite, wherein the communications satellite comprises a bent pipe repeater having a plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers, (3) using one of the plurality of satellite-based transmission amplifiers to amplify the broadband signal and no other broadband signal from the gateway terminal, to produce an amplified broadband signal, (4) sending the amplified broadband signal as one of a plurality of service spot beams to the at least one subscriber terminal, and (5) receiving and retrieving data from the amplified broadband signal at the at least one subscriber terminal.

Abstract: A satellite communication system comprised of a hub and plurality of remote terminals, wherein the system is configured for frequency reuse, a method and apparatus for signal cancellation are disclosed. The disclosed method and apparatus enable the hub to extract return link signals overlaying a transmitted forward link signal, wherein the forward link signal is transmitted at a power level higher than that of the overlaying return link signals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for managing satellite communications through the deployment of a fleet of multi-beam satellites serving overlapping and non-overlapping spot beams. In these methods, systems, and devices, a first communication service associated with a relatively wider spot beam of a first satellite is provided to a first coverage area having multiple terminals. A second communication service associated with a relatively narrower spot beam (e.g., high-gain spot beam) of a second satellite is provided to a second coverage area located within the first coverage area. A subset of terminals located within the second coverage area is identified, and the terminals of the identified subset are transitioned from the first communication service of the wide spot beam of the first satellite to the second communication service of the high-gain spot beam of the second satellite.

Abstract: A method of determining reliability of a received signal is provided, which includes correlating a received signal from a satellite to a replica code, determining reliability of the received signal according to a predetermined reference using a first value and a second value, the first value being a correlation value of a peak phase obtained from the correlating and the second value being a correlation value of a phase delayed for a predetermined phase from the peak phase and changing the reference according to the satellite.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a ground-based wireless cellular communication system providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services. The system includes at least one ground-based base station adapted for generating at least one cell defining a solid angle of space surrounding the base station. The ground-based base station includes an antenna array using two-dimensional-beamforming for generating at least one beam for serving at least one airplane in the space covered by the at least one cell using spatial-division multiple access (SDMA). The disclosure also relates to an airplane equipment for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for communicating with satellite based on analog network coding. A method for satellite communication, according to one embodiment of the present invention, is a method for satellite communication of a satellite terminal and comprises the steps of: receiving transmission data from a feeder that directly transmits the transmission data to a satellite; receiving a superposed signal, in which the transmission data and reception data corresponding to the transmission data have been analog network coded, from the satellite; and extracting the reception data from the superposed signal using the superposed signal and the received transmission data.

Abstract: A system for gateway RF diversity using a configurable spot beam satellite including a satellite, a first gateway connected to a first VSAT population through the satellite by a first gateway spot beam and a first user spot beam set, a diversity gateway located outside of the first gateway spot beam for the first gateway, and a diversity control function to command the satellite to connect the first user spot beam set for the first gateway to a diversity gateway spot beam when the first gateway experiences service interruption.