Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for down-converting and up-converting an electromagnetic signal. In embodiments, the invention operates by receiving an electromagnetic signal and recursively operating on approximate half cycles of a carrier signal. The recursive operations can be performed at a sub-harmonic rate of the carrier signal. The invention accumulates the results of the recursive operations and uses the accumulated results to form a down-converted signal. In embodiments, up-conversion is accomplished by controlling a switch with an oscillating signal, the frequency of the oscillating signal being selected as a sub-harmonic of the desired output frequency. When the invention is being used in the frequency modulation or phase modulation implementations, the oscillating signal is modulated by an information signal before it causes the switch to gate a bias signal. The output of the switch is filtered, and the desired harmonic is output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to effectively frequency translate a filter characterized as a low quality factor (Q) filter corresponding to a baseband frequency of approximately zero Hertz or to an intermediate frequency (IF) to a filter characterized as a high Q filter at frequencies greater than the baseband frequency or the IF. A downconversion mixer is used to frequency translate a communication signal to the baseband frequency or the IF using a first local oscillator signal to provide a downconverted communication signal. A filter characterized as the low Q filter corresponding to the baseband frequency or the IF filters the downconverted communication signal to provide a filtered communication signal. An upconversion mixer is used to frequency translate a communication signal using a second local oscillator signal, the second local oscillator signal being substantially similar in frequency of the first local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A mixer is described having a Gilbert cell structure including a first input and a second input for inputting an RF signal, a third input and a fourth input for inputting a local oscillator signal, a first output and a second output for outputting an IF signal, a plurality of switches for converting the RF signal to an IF signal, and a dynamic bleed circuit for dynamically reducing the dc-current of the switches at the switching-point. As the dc-current of the switches is reduced at the point of commutation, the 1/f-noise is also strongly reduced without degrading the linearity. The switching happens at twice the local oscillator frequency. The mixer also includes a common mode feedback circuit that feeds the common mode signal, optionally amplified, to a common mode feedback control device that is in series between the dynamic bleed circuit and the supply voltage.

Abstract: A phase locked loop (PLL) a phase detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a controlled oscillator, and a feedback divider. The phase detector is coupled to produce a difference signal based on a difference between phase of a reference oscillation and phase of a feedback oscillation. The charge pump is coupled to convert the difference signal into an up-signal or a down signal. The loop filter coupled to filter the up signal or the down signal to produce a control signal. The controlled oscillator is coupled to generate an output oscillation based on the control signal. The feedback divider is coupled to generate the feedback oscillation from the output oscillation based on a divider value. The loop filter includes a first resistor-capacitor circuit and a second resistor-capacitor circuit. The first resistor-capacitor circuit is calibrated using a first calibration technique and the second resistor-capacitor circuit is calibrated using a second calibration technique.

Abstract: An adaptive current control circuit for reduced power consumption and minimized gain shift in a variable gain amplifier. An automatic gain control circuit provides gain control voltages in response to a gain control signal. The gain control voltages are used by the variable gain amplifier to set the gain of the output signal for wireless transmit operations. The adaptive current control circuit receives the same gain control voltages for reducing current to the variable gain amplifier during low gain operation, while providing higher currents during high gain operation. The current that is provided is a hybrid mix of proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current for minimizing temperature effects on the gain. The ratio of PTAT current and CTAT current is adjustable for specific temperature ranges to further minimize temperature effects on the gain.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is provided. A power amplifier is coupled to an antenna and switched on or off according to a control signal. A baseband processing module is coupled to the power amplifier and a radio transceiver module, receives a bit stream comprising information indicating corresponding transmitting time and sub-carrier frequencies of up-link messages via the radio transceiver module, processes the bit stream to obtain a map profiling allocations of the up-link messages, prepares the up-link messages to be transmitted according to the map, and generates the control signal according to the map. Within a data frame period, when there is no up-link message to be transmitted during a up-link time interval, the power amplifier is switched off in response to the control signal during the up-link time interval.

Abstract: A single side band mixer is composed of standard digital logic elements and field effect transistors, forming a pair of quadrature generators coupled with a mixer-splitter circuit. This design results in a single side band mixer with a bandwidth from DC to at least 100 MHz when realized with CMOS digital logic circuitry. This design allows the single side band mixer to bring particular improvement to circuits including frequency synthesizers, quadrature demodulators and up-converters.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated circuit, particularly an integrated circuit for radio frequency power applications, may include a transistor and a spiral inductor. The spiral inductor is arranged above the transistor. An electromagnetic coupling is created between the transistor and the inductor. The transistor may have a finger type layout to prevent any significant eddy currents caused by the electromagnetic coupling from occurring. The chip area needed for the circuit may be reduced by such arrangement.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a mixer circuit to receive and generate a mixed signal from a radio frequency (RF) signal and a master clock signal, a switch stage coupled to an output of the mixer circuit to rotatingly switch the mixed signal to multiple gain stages coupled to the switch stage, and a combiner to combine an output of the gain stages.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to down conversion circuitry that uses a fast DC correction method to correct for a DC offset of an RF mixer and a post mixer amplifier. The down conversion circuitry may include a DC correction amplifier downstream of the post mixer amplifier to apply a DC correction, which is based on a gain of the post mixer amplifier. During a calibration mode, the DC offset of the RF mixer and the post mixer amplifier are determined at multiple gain levels of the post mixer amplifier. The DC correction needed at multiple gain levels of the post mixer amplifier is then determined based on the determined DC offset. During a normal operation mode, a desired gain of the post mixer amplifier is selected and a determined DC correction that correlates with the desired gain is provided.

Abstract: A communications system includes a radio frequency (RF) element (104) for transforming an input RF signal into at least one of a first conditioned RF input signal associated with a first frequency range and a second conditioned RF input signal associated with a second frequency range higher than the first frequency range. The system also includes a local oscillator (LO) circuit (106) for generating at least a first LO signal, the LO circuit having an operating frequency range spanning at least a portion of a first inclusive frequency range defined by a lowest frequency of the first frequency range and a highest frequency of the second frequency range. The system further includes a mixer (108) for generating a first intermediate frequency (IF) signal based on one of the first and the second RF input signals and the first LO signal, and an IF element (110) for conditioning the first IF signal.

Abstract: A radio receiver comprises an input (14) for a modulated radio frequency signal, a frequency down converter (16) coupled to the input, the frequency down converter including quadrature mixers (32,34) for demodulating a received modulated radio frequency signal using a local oscillator signal. An analogue-to-digital converter (54, 56) is coupled to receive demodulated signals from the mixing means. The analogue-to-digital converter, which may comprise a continuous time sigma delta converter, has an input for a sampling clock frequency (f s). A voltage controlled oscillator (38) provides the local oscillator signal and supplies a frequency divider (60, 94) used to provide the sampling clock frequency.

Abstract: A noise cancellation circuit for a mixer device includes a first signal terminal, coupled to a first output terminal, and a second signal terminal, coupled to a second output terminal of the RF input stage of the mixer device, a first variable current source with a first end coupled to the first signal terminal, a second end coupled to the second signal terminal, and a third end coupled to a first voltage source, a second variable current source with a first end coupled to the second signal terminal, a second end coupled to the first signal terminal, and a third end coupled to the first voltage source, and a phase shift device coupled to the first signal terminal and the second end of the second variable current source, transforming a first signal into a second signal, and outputting to the second end of the second variable current source.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods disclosed herein operate to determine a base oscillator frequency and a frequency conversion factor associated with a radio receiver local oscillator (LO). Base oscillator frequency and frequency conversion parameters are selected such that spurious harmonics created within the LO lie outside of communication bands associated with other active radio receivers substantially collocated with the LO. An LO chain including the appropriate base oscillator and frequency conversion components is selected from a switched set of base oscillator/frequency converter pairs.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a mobile station comprising a transmitter for transmitting outgoing signals from the mobile station and a receiver for receiving incoming signals, the receiver coupled to the transmitter and having N subreceivers, where N is an integer greater than one and each of the N subreceivers may independently be tuned to a desired frequency.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a local oscillator that generates a plurality of LO (Local Oschillation) signals corresponding to frequencies of a plurality of input RF (Radio Frequency) signals, an accumulator that accumulates the plurality of LO signals generated by the local oscillator to generate an accumulated signal, a mixer that mixes the plurality of RF signals and the accumulated signal generated by the accumulator and to generate a plurality of base band signals, and a first signal processing unit that executes a signal process with respect to the plurality of base band signals generated by the mixer.

Abstract: Multiple input and/or gain stage Gilbert cell mixer designs are disclosed. The designs allow one input to be turned on at a time, and are suitable, for example, for use in receiver and transmitter applications. In addition, the designs allow for the inputs of the multi-input Gilbert cell mixer to be connected together, thereby allowing for switching of gain states within the Gilbert cell mixer. The mixer design may include, for example, a Gilbert cell mixer stage, and a plurality of input/gain stages. Each input/gain stage has its output connected to the input of the mixer stage, and is configured for receiving an input signal and applying a gain factor to that input signal to provide a signal for mixing with the LO. Each input/gain stage is configured with stage select circuitry for enabling or disabling that stage, so that only one input/gain stage is active at a time.

Abstract: A receiver includes a radio frequency metal-oxide-semiconductor amplifier, a mixer, and an intermediate frequency amplifier. The radio frequency metal-oxide-semiconductor amplifier is used for receiving amplifying a signal of a first band and a signal of a second band of a satellite microwave band from an external antenna circuit according to a control signal. The mixer is coupled to the radio frequency metal-oxide-semiconductor amplifier for reducing the signal of the first band to a signal of a first intermediate frequency band according to a first oscillation frequency of a local oscillator, or reducing the signal of the second band to a signal of a second intermediate frequency band according to a second oscillation frequency of the local oscillator. The intermediate frequency amplifier is coupled to the mixer for amplifying and outputting the signal of the first intermediate frequency band and the signal of the second intermediate frequency band.

Abstract: A signal converting circuit includes: a first single-to-differential circuit arranged to generate a first signal having a first polarity and a second signal having a second polarity different from the first polarity; a second single-to-differential circuit arranged to generate a third signal having the second polarity and a fourth signal having the first polarity; and a combining circuit arranged to generate a first combined signal having the first polarity according at least two signals from the first signal, the second signal, the third signal, and the fourth signal, and output an output signal according to at least the first combined signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) signal transmission/reception apparatus and an RF signal transmission/reception method are disclosed. The RF signal transmission/reception apparatus is adapted to perform a transmission/reception duplex function using a bi-directional mixer at the IF band or baseband, not at the RF band. When a reception signal of the RF band is passed through the bi-directional mixer, it is converted into a signal in any one of the IF band and the baseband. Also, when a transmission signal in any one of the IF band and the baseband is passed through the bi-directional mixer, it is converted into a signal of the RF band.

Abstract: Frequency translation and applications of same are described herein. Such applications include, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, enhanced signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and combinations and applications of same.

Abstract: A RF transmitter is operable to transmit a signal at a frequency specified by the Bluetooth protocol. A passive upconversion mixer, which comprises a pair of MOSFET switches, is utilized inside the RF transmitter. The passive upconversion mixer is operable to receive analog local oscillator (LO) signals to be utilized for controlling operation of each of the pair of MOSFET switches to transmit signals with maximum gain. A MOS threshold voltage VTH and a DC component of a received baseband signal, VBB—DC, are determined for each of the pair of MOSFET switches. The determined VTH and the determined VBB—DC of the received baseband signal are combined such as VTH+VBB—DC and compared with a DC component of the received LO signals, VLO—DC. The VLO—DC is set equal to VTH+VBB—DC, accordingly, to provide maximum gain from the passive upconversion mixer for signal transmission.

Abstract: A quadrature connected passive mixer arrangement for frequency converting analog signals from a first to a second frequency. The arrangement comprises two parallel connected mixers provided as transistors. First and second LO signals and their inverse signals having separated phases are provided for driving the transistors. Signal path switches are provided between the RF terminals and the mixer transistors. The switches are driven by signals having a different phase than the signal driving the corresponding mixer transistor. Thus, any short circuit between IF terminals of the arrangement may be eliminated.

Abstract: A radio-frequency receiver. The radio-frequency receiver includes a first and second low noise amplifier (LNA), a local oscillating module, and a first, second, and third mixer. The first LNA amplifies a first RF signal. The local oscillating module generates a first, second and third local oscillating signals. The first local oscillating signal is generated according to the second local oscillating signal. The first mixer mixes the first RF signal with the first local oscillating signal to generate an intermediate frequency signal. The second LNA amplifies a second RF signal. The second and third mixers can be operated in two modes. The second and third mixers mix the intermediate frequency signal to generate a first and second baseband signal respectively in the first mode, and the second and third mixers mix the second RF signal with the second and third oscillating frequency respectively in a second mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for wirelessly transmitting and receiving energy and data including: a signal generator generating a first frequency signal for power transmission; a first matching circuit matching input/output impedance upon receiving the first frequency signal generated by the signal generator; an oscillator outputting a second frequency signal, a carrier frequency, by using the first frequency signal, generated by the signal generator, as a reference frequency; a mixer modulating a data signal output from a communication module by using the second frequency signal; a second matching circuit matching input/output impedance upon receiving a modulated signal by using the second frequency signal; a resonator resonating an output signal from the first matching circuit to a reception side apparatus; and a radiator radiating an output signal from the second matching circuit to the reception side apparatus.

Abstract: The second-order inter-modulation distortion, originating in a differential passive mixer core from imbalance between devices, is reduced by compensating for the mismatch or load, by means of tuning the differential output impedance at the mixer core, or the input impedance of a filter coupled to the output of the passive mixer. Compensating for the imbalance allows greater suppression of even-order harmonics in the differential structure, which reduces second-order intermodulation at the output of the mixers. The compensation is achieved by tunable resistive elements that are calibrated by a built-in self-test architecture. The calibration circuit is deactivated during receiver operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide DC biasing circuits. Embodiments employ an open loop scheme, instead of a closed loop scheme as used in conventional circuits. In addition, embodiments generate a DC bias voltage that is independent of temperature, process, and power supply variations. Further, embodiments require low amounts of power and silicon.

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention provide a single mixer (200-400) with significantly reduced noise performance at a low cost by adding a current control circuit (109) that reduces the current in at least the switching stage (103, 303, 403) during polarity changes of the local oscillator (LO) signal (104). Alternative embodiments (300-400) are provided for a single mixer having significantly reduced noise wherein the low-noise characteristic is enhanced by a further modification to the switching stage (303-403).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit that includes a first RF mixer and a second RF mixer. The first and second RF mixers may be fed from a common local oscillator or from two separate local oscillators. When fed from two separate local oscillators and when the first and second RF mixers are receiving the same or nearly the same RF channel, the frequency of the RF channel is less than the frequency of one local oscillator and is greater than the frequency of the other local oscillator. This arrangement separates the frequencies of the local oscillators, thereby reducing noise, instability, or both, which may otherwise de-sensitize the dual RF receiver circuit.

Abstract: A method, a system and a receiver device provide timing and frequency correction in a spatial division multiple access (SDMA) system. A timing and frequency correction (TFC) logic/utility obtains a timing error estimate by using pilot symbols on a slot of six tiles. The TFC logic estimates the timing error based on pilot phase differences between unique pairs of tiles when the frequency separation of the tiles is less than a threshold value. When none of the unique pairs of tiles satisfies the threshold value, the TFC logic estimates timing error based on an exhaustive search for each candidate phase error value. The TFC logic performs timing error correction via a timing error estimate based on pilots from the symbols received on each antenna. The TFC logic performs inexplicit frequency error correction according to phase differences based on relative symbol indices.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving and processing multiple independent, uncorrelated RF signals is presented. The apparatus includes a Hybrid-Direct Conversion Receiver incorporating front end branches, protocol-specific digital processing branches, an interference detector, a correlator, and an offset control for controlling oscillator sources. The front end branches each contain a preselector that filters received signals and a mixer that down converts the received signal to an IF offset from a reference frequency by a unique offset. The bandwidth of an IF processor is partitioned into sub-channels corresponding to the different offsets and is wider than the combination of the sub-channels. The interference detector and correlator determine whether a particular desired signal is degraded by interference signals and select a new sub-channel. This information is provided to the offset control, which adjusts a LO source coupled to the corresponding down mixer accordingly.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for improving the coverage of a wireless network based on frequency shifting scheme. A wireless signal in a frequency band is shifted to another distinct band, and carried in the shifted band, using wired or wireless mediums to another location, wherein the wireless signal is shifted back to the original frequency band. The frequency shifting may make use of a conventional frequency shifting schemes such as mixer/filter and heterodyne. In one embodiment the wireless signal is frequency shifted by converting it to other representing signals (such as I/Q components) and forming the frequency-shifted signal from the representations. The system is may be used to increase in-door or outdoor coverage, as well as bridging between in-door and outdoor networks. The medium may use dedicated wiring or existing service wiring in a residence or building, including LAN, telephone, AC power and CATV wiring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a radio receiver including: an oscillator circuit including a phase-locked circuit and a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; a first frequency divider circuit; a frequency converter circuit; a signal adding circuit; a test signal generating circuit including at least one second frequency divider circuit; and a controlling section configured to set frequency dividing factors.

Abstract: A harmonic rejection mixer for carrying out a frequency translation of a mixer input signal having a mixer input frequency, the mixer including an up-conversion mixer for generating an intermediate signal by multiplying the mixer input signal with a first local oscillation signal having a first local oscillation frequency, and a down-conversion mixer for generating a mixer output signal by multiplying the intermediate signal with a second local oscillation signal having a second local oscillation frequency. The first local oscillation frequency and the second local oscillation frequency are greater than the mixer input frequency. The first local oscillation signal is an l-time oversampled sine wave and the second local oscillation signal is an m-time oversampled sine wave.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a signal receiving apparatus including a frequency conversion section configured to carry out frequency conversion on a modulated signal transmitted to the signal receiving apparatus by adoption of a radio transmission technique, wherein the frequency conversion section carries out the frequency conversion by adoption of a frequency conversion method selected from a plurality of frequency conversion methods adoptable by the frequency conversion section in the frequency conversion to be executed on the modulated signal.

Abstract: A wireless receiver is provided that includes a multi-step gain-control low-noise amplifier (LNA) stage and a mixer stage. The LNA stage is operable to amplify at least one input signal to generate at least one LNA output. The mixer stage is directly coupled to the LNA stage (without an intervening external bandpass filter) and is operable to down-convert the LNA output to generate a mixer output.

Abstract: Local oscillation circuitry for use in an RF transceiver Integrated Circuit (IC) includes local oscillation generation circuitry operable to produce a local oscillation and local oscillation distribution circuitry. The local oscillation distribution circuitry includes a splitting circuit, a first distribution portion, and a second distribution portion. The splitting circuit receives the local oscillation and produces multiple copies of the local oscillation. The first distribution portion produces a first local oscillation corresponding to a first RF band and a second local oscillation corresponding to a second RF band based and to provide the first local oscillation and the second local oscillation to a first RF transceiver group. The second distribution portion produces a first local oscillation and a second local oscillation and provides the first local oscillation and the second local oscillation to the second RF transceiver group.

Abstract: A technique for efficient power amplification includes providing multiple baseband signals to an amplifier. The signals may be converted to RF and combined through one or more impedance inverters.

Abstract: A dual-band wideband local oscillation signal generator includes an oscillation unit, a division unit, a poly phase filter (PPF), a switch unit, and a single side band (SSB) mixer. The oscillation unit is configured to generate a positive in-phase (IP) signal, a negative in-phase (IN) signal, a negative quadrature-phase (QN) signal, and a positive quadrature-phase (QP) signal. The division unit is configured to divide frequencies of the IP signal and the IN signal and generate an RF signal. The PPF is configured to receive the IP signal and the IN signals inputted to the division unit, and generate an LO IP signal, an LO IN signal, an LO QP signal, and an LO QN signal. The switch unit is configured to receive the generated LO signals and select a high band frequency signal or a low band frequency signal.

Abstract: A filter circuit is constructed of a passive mixer and a frequency response device. The passive mixer generates a frequency-converted signal by mixing an input signal transmitted through a transmission line and a local oscillation signal, and outputs the frequency-converted signal to the frequency response device, thus shifting a frequency characteristic of the frequency response device to high frequency by a local oscillation frequency of the local oscillation signal and applying the frequency characteristic shifted to high frequency on the input signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include circuits and methods for improving the spectral purity of mixer circuits. In one embodiment the present invention includes a mixer circuit comprising a first transistor having a gate, a source and a drain, a second transistor having a gate, a source and a drain, a first capacitance coupled between the source of the first transistor and the source of the second transistor and a bias circuit having an input, a first output coupled to the source of the first transistor and a second output coupled to the source of the second transistor. The present invention may be advantageously used in a wireless transmitter application.

Abstract: A technique for providing stable tracking performance to an AGC loop circuit comprises amplifying a wideband radio frequency signal; detecting signals and blockers adjacent to the radio frequency signal; lowering a gain of the radio frequency signal; mixing a local oscillator signal with the radio frequency signal; shifting a frequency of the radio frequency signal from a radio frequency to an intermediate frequency; continuously varying a gain of the intermediate frequency signal; converting the intermediate frequency signal into a digital output signal; comparing the digital output signal with predefined thresholds comprising an upper threshold and a lower threshold; switching a post mixer amplifier (PMA) to a high gain state when an input of a variable gain amplifier (VGA) is greater than the upper threshold, and switching the PMA to a low gain state when an input of the VGA is lower than the lower threshold.

Abstract: A system includes at least a first array connected to a second array. The first array includes an odd number, greater than one, of unidirectionally-coupled non-linear first array elements. The second array includes an odd number, greater than one, of unidirectionally-coupled non-linear second array elements. The second array elements are unidirectionally-coupled in a direction opposite the coupling direction of the second array elements. The first array is configured to receive an input signal and down-convert the input signal. The second array is configured to receive the down-converted input signal, further down-convert the down-converted input signal, and output a down-converted output signal. The down-converted output signal is down-converted to a multiple of the frequency of the input signal proportional to the number of arrays of the system. The system may operate at frequencies greater than 1 GHz and may be contained in a microchip or on a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for suppression of second-order intermodulation in a double-balanced mixer circuit. The circuit includes a duplicate transconductor element for duplicating AC current in a transconductor pair of the double-balanced mixer circuit. A fundamental cancellation element cancels a fundamental component of an AC current of the duplicate transconductor element, while preserving a second-order intermodulation component. A phase inversion element feeds an output current of the fundamental cancellation element to the transconductor pair of the double-balanced mixer circuit, to substantially remove the second-order intermodulation component from a differential output of the double-balanced mixer circuit.

Abstract: A sampling filter of such circuitry as not requiring a high frequency REF signal even if the number of decimation is decreased. In the sampling filter, the rotate capacitor in each switched capacitor circuit including Cr (7a-7d) arranged in four parallel arrays operates in four phases of integration, discharge, reset and feedback different from each other at the same timing. Consequently, a control signal for driving the switched capacitor circuit is used commonly. As a result, the circuit scale of a DCU (104) is reduced and the frequency of the REF signal can be lowered to the frequency of an LO signal even in operation without decimation.

Abstract: A receiver circuit includes an amplifier, an output impedance, and a mixer. The amplifier is arranged to generate an amplifier output. The mixer has an input and an output respectively coupled to the amplifier and the output impedance. The output impedance sets frequency selectivity provided at the input of the mixer, and the mixer is arranged to down-convert a signal derived from the amplifier output and accordingly generate a down-converted signal at the output of the mixer for further signal processing.

Abstract: Frequency translation and applications of same are described herein. Such applications include, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, enhanced signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and combinations and applications of same.

Abstract: A low flicker noise active mixer comprises a trans-conductance section, a switching quad, and a load section. The trans-conductance section converts a voltage signal pair into a first current signal pair. The switching quad converts the first current signal pair into a second signal pair in a manner controlled by a LO (local oscillator) signal pair. The load section provides a loading to the second current signal pair using a pair of commutative active loads to convert the second current signal pair into an output voltage signal pair.

Abstract: A multiple frequency band hybrid receiver includes a plurality of input terminals to which different frequency band signals are respectively inputted; a plurality of mixers connected to the plurality of input terminals sequentially, receiving the different frequency band signals respectively, and down-converting frequencies of the received frequency band signals to predetermined frequencies; an output terminal outputting baseband signals. Each mixer receives a signal from an input terminal connected thereto or another mixer. One of the plurality of mixers receives the lowest frequency band signal, converts a frequency of the received signal to a baseband frequency, and provides a signal having the baseband frequency to the output terminal. The other mixers each down-convert a frequency of a received signal to a frequency band of a signal which is inputted into another mixer.

Abstract: In one aspect this invention provides a radio frequency receiver for coupling to an antenna. The receiver includes a downconversion mixer, an amplifier having an input coupled to the antenna and an output coupled to a first input of the mixer for providing a received frequency signal to the mixer and a voltage controlled oscillator having an output coupled to a second input of the mixer for providing a mixing frequency signal to the mixer. In the preferred embodiments the components of the amplifier and the voltage controlled oscillator are arranged to exhibit a substantially identical resonant circuit topology and are implemented in the same integrated circuit. In the preferred embodiments the amplifier and the voltage controlled oscillator each include calibration circuitry coupled to a calibration signal for compensating for integrated circuit component value variations, and where a calibration signal used for the voltage controlled oscillator is used as well for the amplifier.