Abstract: Apparatus is for reception and transmission of data signals at one or more user locations. The data signals are received from and transmitted to remote locations typically via a satellite or cell phone transmission system. The operating condition of the apparatus at the user location is selectively adaptable such as to take into account the particular format in which the data signals are received or are to be transmitted to thereby allow the apparatus to be used in different locations and adapted for use at the time of installation or at a time after installation with no, or minimal, intervention or skilled technical personnel attendance being required at the user location to allow the operation of the apparatus to be adapted.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE) that comprises a receiver of the UE receives, from a source base station of a source radio cell, a common timing advance value for a target radio cell. The UE is connected to the source radio cell and is involved in a handover procedure to hand over the UE from the source radio cell to the target radio cell. Further, the common timing advance value is received from the source base station in a first message of the handover procedure, which also comprises a timing indication for transmitting a second message from the UE to the target base station. Then, a processor of the UE determines a first uplink timing of uplink transmissions to the target base station with respect to downlink transmissions from the target base station, based on the received common timing advance value and the timing indication. A transmitter of the UE transmits a second message of the handover procedure to the target base station based on the determined uplink timing.

Abstract: A method of traffic shaping on an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) data link may include, with a traffic shaping configuration agent, fetching from a neighbor routing table stored on a network interface card (NIC) data defining a first modulation of a data link and a first physical layer data transmission rate associated with a first media access control (MAC) address. The traffic shaping configuration agent may further identify a first maximum achievable goodput for the first modulation and the first physical layer data transmission rate and reconfigure an operating system (OS) traffic shaping implementation based on the first maximum achievable goodput.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Disclosed is a method of operating a non-terrestrial network comprising the step of: configuring a Timing Advance, TA, value comprising a cell-specific common TA and a residual TA, wherein the cell-specific common TA is broadcast by a satellite in connection with a particular cell.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods for operating a network node in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) that utilizes one or more polarization modes for serving one or more cells. Such methods include transmitting, to one or more user equipment (UEs), an indication of at least one polarization mode configured for use in a first cell of the first NTN. The at least one polarization mode can be indicated in various ways, both explicitly and implicitly. Such methods also include transmitting and/or receiving one or more signals or channels in the first cell according to one or more configured polarization modes including the at least one indicated polarization mode. Other embodiments include complementary methods for operating UEs, as well as network nodes and UEs configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: An example method is performed by a terrestrial control system communicatively coupled to a constellation of satellites. According to the method, instructions are transmitted to a first satellite of the constellation to transmit a plurality of first groups of optical subcarriers to a plurality of second satellites of the constellation via free-space optical communication. The first groups of optical subcarriers carry first data and each of the first groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites. Further, instructions are transmitted to the second satellites to transmit a plurality of second optical subcarriers to the first satellite via free-space optical communication. The second groups of optical subcarriers carry second data and each of the second groups of optical subcarriers is associated, respectively, with a different communications module of the second satellites.

Abstract: A cross-device allocation method for a service element includes obtaining a to-be-allocated service element from a source device; determining a preset matching relationship between each to-be-allocated service element and each target allocation device, where the preset matching relationship describes a probability value that each service element is allocated to each target allocation device; obtaining a distance relationship between each target allocation device and the source device; determining a correspondence between each service element and each target allocation device according to the preset matching relationship and the distance relationship; and allocating, according to the correspondence, each service element to the target allocation device corresponding to the service element.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes an acquisition unit to acquire, from a base station apparatus being connected, switching information including information used for wireless communication with a movably configured base station apparatus to be a switching destination candidate, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not to switch a base station apparatus to be a connection destination, and a connection unit configured to, upon determining by the determination unit to switch the base station apparatus to be the connection destination, execute connection to the base station apparatus to be the switching destination candidate on a basis of the switching information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operation in NTN is provided. Method for operation in NTN includes receiving a first RRC control message including a common offset1 and a common offset2 and a common offset3 and a reference position in the first NR cell, transmitting the PUSCH of the second NR cell in the PUSCH transmission slot determined based on the common offset1, receiving a second RRC control message including an information element indicating a transition to the inactive state in the second NR cell, delaying application of the received information element for a first period from the moment of receiving the second RRC control message and applying the information element.

Abstract: An Automatic Identification System (AIS) for tracking a plurality of maritime vessels may include a ground AIS server and a constellation of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in communication with the ground AIS server. Each LEO satellite may include an AIS payload configured to receive AIS messages from the plurality of maritime vessels and determine therefrom reported vessel position data, determine an actual frequency of arrival (FOA) for each of the AIS messages, determine an expected FOA for each of the AIS messages based upon the reported vessel position data for each AIS message, determine a potential spoofing maritime vessel based upon a difference between a corresponding expected FOA and actual FOA for a given AIS message, and send a potential spoof alert to the ground AIS server.

Abstract: A method for operating an infrastructure equipment forming part of a radio access network part of a wireless communications network is provided. The method comprising configuring a notification area of a radio access network part by determining one or more base stations and/or one or more of non-terrestrial network parts which form part of the notification area, the base stations and/or the non-terrestrial network parts of the notification area being for use in transmitting signals to a communications device from the wireless communications network, determining, based on the notification area and on a present time, which one of the base stations and/or the non-terrestrial network parts of the notification area is presently serving the communications device, and transmitting a paging message to the serving base station or serving non terrestrial network part for subsequent transmission to the communications device.

Abstract: A wireless terminal receives a network identifier in a message received on a broadcast channel. The wireless terminal determines that a mobile network code in the network identifier corresponds to a non-terrestrial network. The wireless terminal updates a tracking area list of the wireless terminal by adding or deleting a tracking area identifier corresponding to the non-terrestrial network to the tracking area list.

Abstract: A method for receive (RX) beam switching is provided. The method may be performed by a user equipment (UE) (420). The method includes using a current RX beam (412) to receive a transmission from a network node (422). The method further includes selecting (706) a new RX beam (414) to replace the current RX beam (412). The method further includes, after selecting (706) the new RX beam (414), transmitting (708-710) a channel state information (CSI) report to the network node (422). The method further includes, after selecting (706) the new RX beam (414) and before transmitting (708-710) the CSI report, continuing to use the current RX beam (412) to receive transmissions from the network node (422). The method further includes, after transmitting (708-710) the CSI report to the network node (422), replacing (714) the current RX beam (412) with the new RX beam (414) such that the new RX beam (414) instead of the current RX beam (412) is used to receive transmissions from the network node.

Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to dynamically adding network resources based on an application function (AF) notification. The present technology can determine, by an AF of a service provider, a network congestion on a network, the network congestion indicating that network resources for servicing a user device using services of the service provider do not meet corresponding Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Further, the present technology can transmit a notification by the AF to a core network of a network provider to request additional network resources to be allocated for servicing the user device, the network provider providing network connectivity for the user device to receive the services provided by the service provider.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a time-division duplex (TDD) antenna apparatus which can reduce signal loss, and thereby minimize the noise figure (NF) of a system and extend uplink coverage of the system, by separating a transmitter circuit from a receiver circuit of the antenna apparatus, and disposing a low noise amplifier (LNA) of the receiver circuit between a reception antenna and a reception filter of the receiver. A time-division duplex antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a transmitter which includes at least one transmission antenna module and transmits a downlink signal through a first path; a receiver which includes at least one reception antenna module and receives an uplink signal through a second path that is separated from the first path without any overlapping portions thereof; and a controller which controls the transmitter and the receiver in a time-division duplex manner.

Abstract: A method for generating or updating map data including coordinate information of a plurality of landmarks disposed along a road, includes: by a vehicle-side device, uploading index information, indicating that the map data needs to be updated to the server in associated with a road segment in which the vehicle is traveling when a predetermined event occurs in a situation where the vehicle is traveling; by the server, determining whether the map data for the road segment needs to be updated based on the index information provided by the vehicle-side device; and by a server, setting an update flag indicating that the map data needs to be updated for the road segment when determining that the map data needs to be updated.

Abstract: There is provided a wireless communication device, comprising: a plurality of radio units including a first radio unit and a second radio unit; and a control unit configured to control the plurality of radio units to form a multi-cell on the ground, wherein the control unit has a removal processing performing unit configured to perform, based on a first reception radio wave in which the first radio unit received a first transmission radio wave which includes a first signal transmitted by a first user terminal, and a second reception radio wave in which the second radio unit received a second transmission radio wave which includes a second signal transmitted by a second user terminal, removal processing to remove a component of the first transmission radio wave contained as an interference wave in the second reception radio wave.

Abstract: A method of determining a position of a mobile device in a vehicle during a drive includes measuring at least one first acceleration magnitude of the mobile device in a gravity direction with at least one sensor of the mobile device, measuring at least one second acceleration magnitude of the mobile device in the gravity direction with the at least one sensor of the mobile device, the at least one second acceleration magnitude separated in time from the at least one first acceleration magnitude, comparing the at least one first acceleration magnitude with the at least one second acceleration magnitude, and based on a result of the comparing, predicting the position of the mobile device in the vehicle.

Abstract: A calling system for a personal watercraft includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to: obtain a specific state signal indicating that the personal watercraft is in a given specific state; and wirelessly transmit a calling signal based on the specific state signal.

Abstract: A satellite receiver for wireless signals having carrier frequencies in the V or the W band of frequencies is described. The satellite receiver may receive the wireless signals at high elevation angles, such as greater than 62°. This high elevation angle may reduce losses, which may allow the satellite receiver to communicate at a data rate of at least 50 Mbps. In order to accommodate these system requirements, the one or more satellites that provide the wireless signals may have eccentric geosynchronous or near-geosynchronous orbits that are inclined relative to an equatorial plane of the Earth, such as an eccentricity between 0.12 and 0.3. Moreover, the one or more satellites may have ground tracks substantially along one or more continents, and may be in view of dense population regions in the one or more continents with a higher frequency than low-density population regions in the one or more continents.

Abstract: An information processing device includes an accompanier identifying unit for identifying one or more current or future accompaniers of a user, an action history extracting unit for extracting, from action history accumulated regarding the user, action history in which identification information of the one or more accompaniers identified by the accompanier identifying unit is correlated, and a content identifying unit for identifying content corresponding to the extracted action history, as the content to be provided to the user.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to techniques for mitigating blockages associated with satellite systems. More specifically, techniques disclosed herein, describe solutions for minimizing service interruption during satellite handover. One or more blockages associated with one or more user terminals that connect to a satellite system may be determined by various means. Utilizing those blockages, handover times for the one or more user terminals may be determined such that service interrupts may be minimized.

Abstract: Systems and methods may coordinate and execute bidirectional energy transfer events between electrified vehicles and one or more participating electrified recreational vehicles. The proposed systems and methods may be configured to provide charging alert notifications from the electrified vehicle to the one or more electrified recreational vehicles during group off-roading events. The charging alert notifications indicate the need for the one or more electrified recreational vehicles to return to the electrified vehicle for charging during the off-roading event in order to avoid a no start/stranded condition.

Abstract: Provided is a mechanism which is capable of improving wireless link quality regarding transmission from a terminal device on the ground to a non-ground station device. A terminal device including a control unit configured to acquire information regarding a type of a base station device and control a transmission timing of a signal to the base station device on the basis of the information regarding the type of the base station device.

Abstract: A computational framework for designing a constellation that includes a plurality of cube satellites (CubeSats) includes an orbit propagation module, a coverage estimation module, a connectivity estimation module and an annealing module. The orbit propagation module receives a plurality of static parameters for the constellation and determines a position vector, a ground track and sub-satellite points for each of the plurality of CubeSats. The coverage estimation module receives the plurality of static parameters for the constellation and estimates Earth coverage for the constellation. The connectivity estimation module receives the plurality of static parameters for the constellation and determines active inter-satellite links (ISL) in the constellation. The annealing module receives input from the orbit propagation module, the coverage estimation module and the connectivity module and employs an annealing algorithm that generates a constellation design.

Abstract: Systems and methods for facilitating handover reduction in satellite systems are disclosed. A system may include a processor and a memory storing instructions, which when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to detect a user terminal that is selected for a handover procedure. The handover procedure may facilitate a switch from a source beam to a target beam. Based on input data, the processor may evaluate an ideal time value pertaining to a pre-defined time instance at which a scheduled handover is to be performed. The scheduled handover may correspond to at least one of a scheduled change in operating frequency within same beam or a scheduled feeder link handover due to a change in gateway communicating with the satellite. Based on the evaluation and the input data, the processor may estimate an optimized time value that pertains to an optimized time instance associated with an expected handover reduction.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for beam switching. One apparatus includes a transmitter transmits information indicating a beam switch request, measurement results, or some combination thereof, wherein the information indicates a list of beams, and the information is based on a trigger event, the measurement results, or some combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first wireless device may determine a best beam for communications with a second wireless device using a beam selection procedure and beam selection algorithm based on measurements of one or more beam selection parameters for different layers of beams. For example, the first wireless device may measure a beam selection parameter to select a first layer beam and then may measure the beam selection parameter for one or more second layer beams corresponding to the first layer beam. Based on the beam selection parameter measurements, the first wireless device may determine to backtrack and select a different first layer beam to continue the beam selection procedure. Additionally, the first wireless device may apply dithering to the initially selected first layer beam to decrease chances the initially selected first layer beam is selected again.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining sending parameters of a terminal are disclosed. The method includes: determining a pre-estimated signal-to-noise ratio of an uplink on at least one reference position in a cell range corresponding to a satellite beam, determining, according to the pre-estimated signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) values corresponding to a preset carrier bandwidth of the uplink, determining, according to the EIRP values corresponding to the preset carrier bandwidth of the uplink, a maximum rate supported by the preset carrier bandwidth of the uplink, determining, according to the maximum rate supported by the preset carrier bandwidth of the uplink, a maximum uplink rate supported by the terminal, and determining an uplink sending maximum EIRP value and/or an uplink sending maximum bandwidth of the terminal according to an uplink rate to be supported by the terminal input by a user.

Abstract: A wireless multiple antenna system (200) uses a multi-antenna subsystem (211) to generate a composite sample waveform by continuously sweeping a plurality of receive beams (RX1-RXM) during each SSB transmission in a plurality of transmit beams (TX1-TX64), generating a composite received signal strength metric value from a batch of samples collected over the plurality of receive beams to determine the presence of the SSB, and then jointly searching the composite sample waveform for an optimal receive beam and an SSB frequency of any detected SSB that are used by the UE (210) to perform a cell search which matches a transmit beam from the base station (201) to the optimal receive beam.

Abstract: A data transmission method and a communications device, the method including: determining, by a first communications device, a target data transmission mode, where the target data transmission mode is used to indicate a quantity of times that the first communications device transmits an encoded-bit combination to a second communications device and an encoded-bit combination transmitted each time, the encoded-bit combination transmitted each time may include one encoded bit sequence or a plurality of encoded bit sequences, where the encoded bit sequence is obtained by encoding all or some of K information bits, and K is a positive integer, and sending, by the first communications device, the encoded-bit combination to the second communications device in the target data transmission mode, and receiving, by the second communications device, the encoded-bit combination sent by the first communications device, and decoding the encoded bit sequence included in the encoded-bit combination.

Abstract: An orbital computation engine is used to provide ancillary computational data processing on an orbital vehicle and is mounted to or integral with the orbital vehicle. A computation circuit receives power from the orbital vehicle and is responsive to power availability from the orbital vehicle to selectively withdraw power for data processing from the orbital vehicle. A communication circuit provides communication with a terrestrial source, and may be a discrete circuit or integrated with the host satellite's communication system. The computation engine withdraws power for data processing from the orbital vehicle and provides the orbital computation engine with available power for ancillary computational data processing from the orbital computation engine's native power supply.

Abstract: Various arrangements for spectrum sharing among a terrestrial network and a non-terrestrial network are presented herein. A first bandwidth part having a first frequency range for may be assigned use for communication between one or more UE of a plurality of UE and a terrestrial cellular network when a high signal strength is present. A second bandwidth part having a second frequency range may be assigned for use for communication between one or more UE of the plurality of UE and the terrestrial cellular network when a low signal strength is present. A third bandwidth part having a third frequency range can be assigned for use for communication between one or more UE of the plurality of UE and a non-terrestrial network. The third bandwidth part can overlap with the first bandwidth part but not the second bandwidth part.

Abstract: A terminal, allowing bidirectional communication with a gateway, receives information from the gateway through a forward satellite and sends information towards the gateway through a return satellite. The terminal comprises an antenna arrangement having a receive aperture for receiving signals from forward satellite and a transmit aperture for transmitting signals to return satellite. A controller computes a pointing direction from receive aperture towards the forward satellite based on the terminal's position and orientation, the antenna arrangement's geometry, and the forward satellite's orbital position; and computes a pointing direction from the transmit aperture towards the return satellite based on the computed pointing direction from the receive aperture towards the forward satellite and the return satellite's orbital position. The invention also relates to a system comprising a terminal and a gateway, and to a method for operating a terminal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an in-vehicle base station are described. In one embodiment, a mobile base station is disclosed comprising a first access radio for providing an access network inside and outside a vehicle; a second backhaul radio for providing a backhaul connection to a macro cell; and a global positioning system (GPS) module for determining a location of the mobile base station, and for transmitting the location of the mobile base station to a core network, wherein a transmit power of the first access radio is configured to increase or decrease based on a speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, devices, and methods for utilizing a mobile communicator for communicating with multiple satellites, e.g., simultaneously over an interval of time, are disclosed. The mobile communicator is disposed on a vehicle, and the multiple satellites may be disposed in different satellite constellations operating in different orbits. The mobile communicator establishes multiple communication links to the multiple satellites by utilizing only the set of antenna resources provided by a single antenna platform or array. Subsets of the antenna resources are dynamically apportioned and adapted, e.g., while the vehicle travels, to establish and maintain different communication links to different satellites via different spatial channels and their respective air interfaces to thereby maintain optimal satellite communicative connectivity. On-board connectivity services for personal electronic devices and/or other on-board applications may be supported by the disclosed techniques.

Abstract: Satellites provide communication between devices such as user terminals and gateways to other networks, such as the Internet. Non-geosynchronous orbit satellites move relative to terrestrial user terminals, passing in and out of communication over time. To maintain ongoing communication, a handover takes place in which the responsibility to maintain communication with a particular user terminal passes from one satellite to another. To minimize disruption due to the handover, satellite motion and availability of communication resources are allocated in advance. Participating devices such as the user terminal, current satellite, and next satellite, are provided with details of the handover in advance. As a result, interruption in communication due to a handover from one satellite to another is substantially reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods implementing a satellite radio access network (SRAN) receiving a registration request from a user terminal (UT), determining a current tracking area (TA) of the UT, forwarding the registration request and the current TA to an access and mobility management function (AMF), and receiving a registration accept from the AMF that indicates a UT registration area. An implementation receives a UT page command from the AMF and, in response, determines a satellite beam for paging the UT, from among a plurality of satellite beams using the identifier of the current TA, and pages the UT on the satellite beam.

Abstract: The present disclosure disclosures a monitoring device. The monitoring device includes a monitoring module configured to obtain monitoring data of a surrounding environment of the monitoring device; a first wireless communication module configured to transmit the monitoring data; a second wireless communication module configured to receive a control instruction; and a first control module configured to control the monitoring module, the first communication module, and the second communication module to work.

Abstract: A method and system for using low earth orbit satellites to overcome latency is presented. In one embodiment, the method may include establishing a data session using a first channel having a first characteristic different than a second characteristic of a second channel, wherein the first channel is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) channel and wherein the second channel is a Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) channel; determining a type of traffic involved in the data session; determining whether the second channel should be used for the data session; when the second channel should be used for the data session, then switching the data session from the first channel to the second channel; and periodically monitoring the data session to determine whether the second channel should continue to be used for the data session.

Abstract: A method of allocating transport resources to beams in a network area, wherein the beams comprise beam formed radio channels (505, 507, 513, 515) between antenna points (509, 511, 517) and wireless devices (501, 503) in the network area. The method comprises receiving candidate beam information relating to a plurality of candidate beams for use in future communications between antenna points and wireless devices (201); and allocating transport resources to one or more antenna points in the network area based on the candidate beam information (203).

Abstract: Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments are provided for routing wireless mobile communication signals using a phased array communication network. In one example, a system includes a plurality of phased array antennas configured to receive an RF modulated data packet. The RF modulated data packet includes a header and payload data. A demodulator circuit is provided to demodulate the header to identify route information while maintaining the payload data in RF modulated format. The phased array antennas are configured to transmit a high bandwidth narrow antenna beam comprising the RF modulated data packet in accordance with the route information. Maintaining the payload data in RF modulated format during the route provides for high bandwidth and high data rate transmission required of today's wireless mobile communication networks.

Abstract: According to the present application, a base station device is configured to manage a vertically-oriented cell and a ground cell with respective IDs used to identify each cell, to determine whether or not a counterpart terminal device is an aircraft terminal device for air-to-ground communication based on a terminal ID included in a message received therefrom, and to control communication with the counterpart terminal device such that, if the counterpart terminal device is an aircraft terminal device, the base station selects the vertically-oriented cell as a connection destination of the counterpart terminal device and transmits a connection instruction message including a cell ID of the vertically-oriented cell to the counterpart terminal device, otherwise, the base station selects the ground cell as a connection destination of the counterpart terminal device and transmits a connection instruction message including a cell ID of the ground cell to the counterpart terminal device.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling communication amongst a group of vehicles include determining whether a cellular network is unavailable or a user input indicative of a switchover request has been received, when the cellular network is available, controlling a cellular network transceiver to share information between the vehicle and one or more other vehicles of the group of vehicles via the cellular network, and when the cellular network is unavailable or in response to receiving the user input indicative of the switchover request, controlling a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network transceiver to share information between the vehicle and the one or more other vehicles of the group of vehicles via an LEO satellite network and not via the cellular network.

Abstract: Methods and systems including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training and deploying machine-learned communication over RF channels.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a tracking server, a first tracking signal associated with a tracking device from a computing device. The first tracking signal is associated with a first location. The method includes receiving a second tracking signal associated with the tracking device from a computing device. The second tracking signal is associated with a second location. The method includes determining, based at least in part on the first tracking signal and the second tracking signal that a tracking device status associated with the tracking device has changed. The method includes providing, to a computing device, at least the first location and the second location, wherein the computing device is configured to display at least the first location and the second location via an interactive interface configured to enable a user to trace locations associated with the tracking device.

Abstract: Satellites provide communication between devices such as user terminals and gateways to other networks, such as the Internet. Non-geosynchronous orbit satellites move relative to user terminals, passing in and out of communication over time. The user terminal itself may also move. Each satellite maintains a plurality of subbeams, each directed towards a different area on the Earth for a portion of an orbit. Based on a predicted location for the user terminal, a handover from a first subbeam to a second subbeam is determined. To minimize disruption due to the handover, communication resources associated with the second subbeam are allocated and provided to the user terminal and the satellite in advance. At the handover time, if the user terminal is within a threshold distance of the predicted location, the user terminal may transition to using the second subbeam. Otherwise, the user terminal may continue to use the first subbeam.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include a communication system including a full duplex transceiver is configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals simultaneously over a transmission medium; a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitates the performance of operations, including: transmitting, via the full duplex transceiver, electromagnetic wave signals that convey a plurality of data frames, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium to another transceiver, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path; monitoring, via the full duplex transceiver, the transmission medium for an interference; identifying, via the full duplex transceiver, one or more data frames of the plurality of data frames that were transmitted during a period of the interference; and retransmitting,

Abstract: A satellite system may have a constellation of communications satellites that provides services to users with electronic devices such as portable electronic devices and home/office equipment. The satellites may support communications between the electronic devices of the users and gateways. Each gateway may have satellite transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives satellite signals. Each gateway may also have an optical add-drop multiplexer coupled to a fiber ring and radio-frequency-over-fiber circuitry coupled between the satellite transceiver circuitry and the optical add-drop multiplexer. A metropolitan point-of-presence may be in communication with the fiber ring and may have modems for centrally processing communications (received and transmitted in an intermediate frequency) in the satellite system.

Abstract: A handover method for a satellite base station, performed by a terminal, may comprise selecting at least one candidate satellite base station; performing signal strength measurement on a first candidate satellite base station among the at least one candidate satellite base station; in response to determining that the first candidate satellite base station is available according to a result of the signal strength measurement, selecting the first candidate satellite base station as a target satellite base station; and in response to determining that the first candidate satellite base station is not available according to the result of the signal strength measurement, performing signal strength measurement on a second candidate satellite base station among the at least one candidate satellite base station.