Abstract: The terrestrial-based satellite telephone monitoring system may be used for, among other things, intelligence gathering purposes that intercept communications to or from target satellite handsets or terminals. The exemplary signal processing units receive wireless signals and extend the line-of-sight range of a terrestrial-based satellite telephone monitoring system. The exemplary signal processing unit may be installed in or on an aerial vehicle, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or a satellite, such as a CubeSat, or other vehicle.

Abstract: A satellite antenna ground station service includes a plurality of ground stations and associated data centers, wherein the data centers are part of a provider network. Clients may reserve satellite antenna access time-slots via a user interface of the satellite antenna ground station service and store data directly to a data center of the provider network or to the client's premises via a direct connection between the client and the provider network. In some embodiments, the provider network may offer a plurality of network-based services, such as a compute service, a data storage service, a machine learning service, or a data analytics service, and a client may utilize one or more of these services to analyze and process downlinked data received from a satellite of the client via a satellite antenna ground station of the satellite antenna ground station service of the provider network.

Abstract: An enhanced L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) may include LDACS ground stations assigned to respective different ground communication networks; and LDACS airborne stations configured to communicate with selected ones of the LDACS ground stations based upon respective roaming agreements for the different ground communication networks. In addition, the system may include a network broker configured to authorize a connection between an LDACS airborne station and an LDACS ground station based upon a corresponding roaming agreement.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and methods for a user equipment wirelessly communicating with another user equipment using dual connectivity (DC) with a terrestrial base station and a satellite or high-altitude platform. The described methods and systems include a principal routing manager assessing that different subsets of data, to be transmitted from the user equipment to the other user equipment, can use different, respective qualities of service (QoS) offered through different wireless-communication networks associated with the terrestrial base station and the satellite or high-altitude platform.

Abstract: A communication system includes an earth station configured to receive a downlink transmission from a satellite and transmit an uplink transmission to the satellite. The communication system further includes a server in operable communication with the earth station, a beacon detector in operable communication with the server, an access point configured to operate within a proximity of the earth station, and a beacon transmitter disposed within close proximity to the access point. The beacon transmitter is configured to transmit a beacon signal to one or more of the server and the beacon detector. The beacon signal uniquely identifies the access point. The server is configured to implement a measurement-based protection scheme with respect to at least one of the downlink transmission and the uplink transmission.

Abstract: An ultra-low power data transmission method and apparatus are disclosed. An ultra-low power data transmission method to be performed by a user terminal of an ultra-low power data transmission system includes performing channel coding on a payload included in a transmission packet; interleaving a payload obtained through the channel coding, spreading the interleaved payload using a gold code and an orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF), combining a synchronization header spread using the gold code and the OVSF with the spread payload, and modulating a transmission packet in which the payload and the synchronization header are combined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided to correlate radiation beams, such as RF beams, optical beams, and/or acoustic beams. A plurality of sensors are distributed according to a first pattern and disposed adjacent to a first interference region. The plurality of sensors may capture incoming radiation and convert the incoming radiation to a plurality of signals. A plurality of radiating elements are distributed according to a second pattern that differs from the first pattern and are disposed adjacent to a second interference region. A plurality of channels are connected between the sensors and the radiating elements, each channel connecting a corresponding sensor to receive a corresponding signal. Each of the radiating elements is in communication with a corresponding one of the plurality of channels to provide an outgoing radiation corresponding to the signal received by the channel.

Abstract: A request to modify a set of permissions (e.g., delete the permissions, replace the set of permissions with a different set of permissions) is received at a computing device. A set of services are prevented from using the set of permissions to access resources. The set of permissions are changed while the set of services are prevented from using the set of permissions to access resources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uplink power control based on power spectral density are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method for use by a terminal in a satellite communication system, the terminal having an antenna, a modem and a controller, the method comprising: determining the scan and skew of the antenna; obtaining, using the controller, a value representing a maximum allowed Power Spectral Density (PSD) for the determined scan and skew; determining, using the controller, a maximum allowable modem power based on the value representing a maximum allowed PSD, where the maximum allowable modem power is that which ensures that transmissions from the terminal do not exceed the maximum allowed PSD if the maximum allowable modem output power is not exceeded by the modem; sending, using the controller, an indication of the allowable modem output power to the modem; and performing one or more transmissions from the terminal based on modem outputs in accordance with the maximum allowable modem output power.

Abstract: A radio communication route enables communication from an originating ground station to a destination ground station via one of multiple randomly orbiting satellites with no active attitude control. The ground stations and satellites include multi-feed parabolic antennas for receiving radio signals from and transmitting radio signals in multiple directions. The satellites store an address of a destination ground station from which an initial information signal is transmitted and antenna information identifying the satellite antenna feed on which the initial information signal was received. Plural satellite antennas transmit linking information identifying the satellite to the originating ground station.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for coordinated access to a wireless link through data profiles are disclosed. One method includes receiving through the wireless link, by each hub associated with a base station, one or more data profiles from a network management element, receiving, by each hub, data from data sources associated with the hub, controlling, by each hub, a timing of communication of the data for each of the data sources from the hub to the base station through the wireless link based on the one or more data profiles, allocating preamble codes to each of the data sources, wherein different preamble codes are allocated to different data sources of different hubs that report within a margin of time of each other, and including the allocated preamble codes with the data of each of the data sources.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for communicating through a wireless link are disclosed. A method includes scheduling, by a server, communication between a base station and a plurality of hubs, receiving, by the base station, the scheduled communication, providing, to each hub, a data profile that includes a periodicity, an offset, and a carrier frequency based on the scheduled communication, receiving, by the base station, uplink wireless communication from each of the plurality of hubs according to the data profile of each of the hubs and according to the scheduled communication, and simultaneously broadcasting, by the base station, acknowledgements of reception of uplink wireless communication from each of the plurality of hubs.

Abstract: A communication method, comprising: transmitting from a base station to a mobile station a first message which includes resource information corresponding to one or more resource pools, wherein the resource information identifies at least one sub-frame and at least one resource block within the at least one sub-frame, transmitting to the mobile station an indicator of one or more designated resource pools and designated resources from within the one or more designated resource pools such that the mobile station is permitted to communicate with a wireless device in communication with the mobile station via a wireless link using the one or more designated resources within the one or more designated resource pools.

Abstract: A method and user equipment for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) of a user equipment in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes calculating an SRS transmission count based on at least one of a numerology, an SRS periodicity, a number of SRS symbols, and an SRS repetition factor, and transmitting the SRS based on the SRS transmission count.

Abstract: The intelligent measurement and control communication network at least includes at least one management node and at least one common node. The whole intelligent measurement and control communication network is logically divided into a control plane and a service plane. The control plane selects a routing strategy with the shortest path to cause each management node on the control plane to communicate with all common nodes. The service plane is divided into multiple task subnets according to tasks performed by each node, and each task subnet may select different routing strategies according to task requirements of this task subnet. According to the application and scenario needs of the tasks, the control plane combines externally changed parameters and utilizes machine learning to generate a new mathematical model in real time and sends a new task instruction to the service plane.

Abstract: A cubesat communication system implementing addressable data packet for transmitting information collected by the cubesat to one or more receive-only ground stations. The cubesat may transmit information to the receive-only ground stations according to a scheduler. The receive-only ground stations may receive information from the cubesat without sending any commands to the cubesat to prompt transmission and re-transmit to a central common station using a bent pipe streaming protocol. Information between the cubesat and the ground station may be transmitted via a connectionless, datagram network protocol.

Abstract: A network communication device includes a first output port, a second output port, and a converting circuit. The first output port may be in communication with an input port and may be configured to receive a first reduced-power version of the signal received at an input port. The converting circuit may be configured to receive a second reduced-power version of the signal, down-convert a high-frequency portion thereof, and produce a down-converted signal. The first and the second reduced-power versions of the signals are in the same frequency band. The second output port receives at least a portion of the down-converted signal such that the high frequency portion of the second reduced power version of the signal is attenuated before the signal is transmitted to a subscriber device.

Abstract: An architecture to reduce or eliminate uplink interference induced by aerial user equipment (UE) when aerial UE is introduced into groups of terrestrial based UE operating in terrestrial fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE), fifth generation (5G) networks. A method can comprise determining a number of terrestrial based user equipment impacted by uplink interference caused by uplink transmissions associated with aerial user equipment, wherein the aerial user equipment and the terrestrial based user equipment are controlled by serving cell equipment; determining an enclosed area that bounds the number of terrestrial based user equipment; and initiating a carrier aggregation process on the aerial user equipment, wherein the carrier aggregation divides the uplink transmissions associated with the aerial user equipment over a group of serving cell equipment included in the enclosed area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for configuring a communication network based on a distance metric. Information indicative of current status of communication network nodes, links between the nodes, or a combination thereof is obtained and processed to determine a network configuration. The network configuration is implementable in the communication network by adjusting one or more nodes or links. The processing includes evaluating network configurations based on a distance metric, which is indicative of lengths of shortest paths which interconnect nodes of the network. Instructions directing underlying resources to implement the network configuration can be provided. An apparatus can be a supervisory device including a network interface and a computer processor.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for coordinated access to a wireless link through data profiles are disclosed. One method includes receiving through the wireless link, by each hub associated with a base station, one or more data profiles from a network management element, receiving, by each hub, data from data sources associated with the hub, controlling, by each hub, a timing of communication of the data for each of the data sources from the hub to the base station through the wireless satellite link based on the one or more data profiles, monitoring reporting times of different data sources of different hubs over time, allocating preamble codes to each of the data sources, wherein different preamble codes are allocated to different data sources of different hubs that report within a margin of time of each other, and inserting the allocated preamble codes into packets of each of the data sources.

Abstract: A terminal, and a method for operating a terminal in idle mode to detect signaling from an access node of a wireless network, comprising receiving configuration from the access node, identifying paging occasions and wake-up signal occasions associated with a discontinuous reception DRX period, receiving information from the access node, identifying a time advance duration; and activating a wireless signal receiver in the terminal for a period of said time advance duration prior to each paging occasion.

Abstract: A communications system includes cellular devices and cellular base stations in communication with the cellular devices in a first frequency band. A non-geostationary satellite may include sensing circuitry operable in a second frequency band susceptible to interference from the first frequency band. Each cellular base station may include a controller and a transceiver cooperating therewith. The controller may be configured to store satellite path data for the non-geostationary satellite, determine when the satellite path data indicates interference would otherwise be experienced by the non-geostationary satellite, and implement an interference mitigation action in cooperation with associated cellular devices based upon the satellite path data indicating interference would otherwise be experienced by the non-geostationary satellite.

Abstract: This invention relates to a control system at an airport and a method implemented in such a control system. The system comprising: an input unit being arranged to communicate with an airport surveillance system at an airport, a control unit being arranged to receive, from the input unit, identification data for an aircraft on ground, position data, indicating a position of the aircraft, and, to provide the identification data to a data storage and receive an identifier of a designated gate for the aircraft from the data storage, wherein the control unit is further arranged to provide a signal to a gate control system at the designated gate for preparing the designated gate to receive the aircraft if the position of the aircraft is within a predetermined distance from the designated gate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are presented for synchronising a slave device signal to a reference timebase, in situations where the slave device lacks knowledge of the propagation delay for signals from the reference device, e.g. if the positions of one or both of the devices are unknown or classified, or the inter-device signal propagation distance is otherwise a-priori unknown. Reference signal propagation delay is determined using an exchange of signals between the devices, with each device using a differencing procedure for eliminating effects of receiver line bias and other hardware delays. In another aspect an exchange of signals between the devices is used to detect a time residual arising from an inaccurate propagation delay estimate. The synchronisation methods can be applied to a plurality of slave devices for providing a synchronised location network. In certain embodiments signals are transmitted wirelessly, while in other embodiments they are transmitted via a fixed line.

Abstract: A method for mediating an interaction between a control station and a remote system includes maintaining, at a command monitor, data characterizing an operation of the remote system in response to execution of commands at the remote system, receiving, at the command monitor, state information from the remote system, updating the data characterizing the operation of the remote system based on the received state information, receiving, at the command monitor, one or more commands sent from the control station, determining a predicted set of one or more outcomes that would result from execution of the one or more commands at the remote system based at least in part on the data characterizing the operation of the remote system, and preventing issuance of at least one command of the one or more commands at the remote system based on the predicted set of one or more outcomes.

Abstract: Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments are provided for universal aircraft broadband control within an aircraft flight deck. In one example, a system includes a control panel and a switch coupled to the control panel. The system further includes a controller coupled to the switch and configured to determine a switch position based on a switch position signal associated with a position of the switch, receive a conditioned aircraft signal associated with parameters of an aircraft, and provide a controller control signal to control whether transmissions occur from an aircraft antenna based on at least one of the switch position signal and the conditioned aircraft signal.

Abstract: A primary device implementing the subject system of link establishment for single pair Ethernet may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to transmit a first synchronization sequence to a secondary device, detect a second synchronization sequence transmitted by the secondary device, the second synchronization sequence differing from the first synchronization sequence, and after detection of the second synchronization sequence, initiate a training stage, the train stage comprising exchanging training frames with the secondary device. The at least one processor may be further configured to enter a data mode for data transmissions after completion of the training stage, the data transmissions being distinct from the training frames. In the data mode, data may be forward error correction encoded and then scrambled.

Abstract: One example described herein includes a launchable communications device. The device includes an electronic payload comprising a communication system configured to receive a first communications signal and to transmit a second communications signal along a communications path between a first communication station and a second communication station. The device also includes deployment equipment configured to deploy the launchable communications device and to sustain a deployment state of the launchable communications device with respect to a predetermined operational environment. The device further includes a rigid housing configured to substantially enclose the electronic payload and the conveyance equipment prior to and during at least a portion of deployment of the launchable communications device to the predetermined operational environment.

Abstract: This system and method provides for a plurality of satellite ground stations, distributed across some geographic region, and for these regions in turn to be scalable to cover large regions, including across the Earth or in orbit with planets or other celestial bodies using a combination of low-orbit satellites, terrestrial participant devices, and cloud-based communications. The invention in its simplest form is intended to solve the short temporal window problem inherent to the scenario where a single base or ground station is trying to track and communicate with a low-end OSAT or even a cube-satellite.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are disclosed. In one aspect, UAVs operation in an area may be managed and organized by UAV corridors, which can be defined ways for the operation and movement of UAVs. UAV corridors may be supported by infrastructures and/or systems supported UAVs operations. Support infrastructures may include support systems such as resupply stations and landing pads. Support systems may include communication UAVs and/or stations for providing communications and/or other services, such as aerial traffic services, to UAV with limited communication capabilities. Further support systems may include flight management services for guiding UAVs with limited navigation capabilities as well as tracking and/or supporting unknown or malfunctioning UAVs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for a satellite link budget command interface tool are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a method for commanding a space vehicle (SV) involves determining a transmitter output power for a control word (CW) at a particular temperature for a transmitter on the SV. Also, the method involves generating a transmitter uplink command by using the transmitter output power. Also, the method involves determining channel power for a mode of operation for at least one code. In addition, the method involves determining attenuated channel power for the mode of operation for the at least one code, where the channel power for the at least one code is attenuated. Additionally, the method involves generating at least one attenuated channel power uplink command by using the attenuated channel power for at least one code.

Abstract: This system and method provides for a plurality of satellite ground stations, distributed across some geographic region, and for these regions in turn to be scalable to cover large regions or even the globe using a combination of low-orbit satellites, terrestrial participant devices, and cloud-based communications. The invention in its simplest form is intended to solve the short temporal window problem inherent to the scenario where a single base or ground station is trying to track and communicate with a low-end LEOSAT or even a cube-satellite.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a method includes allocating resources for a common Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) bearer, transmitting MBMS information to a plurality of user equipments (UEs), the MBMS information identifying the allocated resources for the common MBMS bearer, receiving a request to transmit content information using the common MBMS bearer and receiving the content information and transmitting the content information to the UEs using the common MBMS bearer

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for enabling orientation of directional antennas even when one or more of the directional antennas are moving. Position information for each directional antenna is transmitted using an omnidirectional antenna transmitting at a low bandwidth and a low power. The position information of the directional antennas is used to orient the directional antennas so that a high bandwidth, low power wireless connection can be enabled and/or maintained between the directional antennas. The position information is periodically transmitted and the orientation of the directional antennas is updated as one or more of the directional antennas move so that the wireless connection between the directional antennas is maintained.

Abstract: A security-monitoring platform adapted to automatically create real-time associations between security monitoring assets (SMAs) and a security alert based on location specific information for both the SMAs and the source of the security alert. When an alert occur, the security-monitoring platform automatically retrieves location and/or movement information for the source of the security alert. The system then retrieves and analyzes location and/or movement information for a plurality of SMAs to determine whether any SMAs are within a set of location-based parameter limits. Those SMAs that fall within the limits are automatically associated with the security alert and provided to the operator of the security monitoring platform. The system is further adapted to continuously evaluate the location and movement of the SMAs and the active security alert to ensure that the associations are always up-to-date as the security alert is processed.

Abstract: This system and method provides for a plurality of satellite ground stations, distributed across some geographic region, and for these regions in turn to be scalable to cover large regions or even the globe using a combination of low-orbit satellites, terrestrial participant devices, and cloud-based communications. The invention in its simplest form is intended to solve the short temporal window problem inherent to the scenario where a single base or ground station is trying to track and communicate with a low-end LEOSAT or even a cube-satellite.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for facilitating communications with a vehicle through an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV can be configured to track vehicles traveling in an area covered by the UAV. An identification of the vehicle can be acquired after the vehicle is tracked by the UAV. The vehicle identification can be used to determine communication capability of the vehicle. Based on the determined communication capability of the vehicle, a communication request can be initiated by the UAV. The vehicle can determine either accept the communication request from the UAV or turn it down. If the vehicle accepts the communication request from the UAV, information intended for the vehicle, for example from another vehicle, can be forwarded to the vehicle by the UAV.

Abstract: Method and system are provided for mobile distribution of content received via satellite signals. A satellite reception assembly may comprise a receive module and a basestation module. The receive module may receive satellite signals, process the received satellite signals to recover data carried therein, determine when the recovered data comprises a portion for local wireless broadcast by the system, and if so generate broadcast signals for carrying the portion of recovered data. The basestation module may transmit the generated broadcast signals, particularly to a mobile device of a satellite subscriber authorized to receive and access the data carried in the satellite signals. The recovered data may comprise web-based content.

Abstract: A communication device comprising: a receiver operable to receive radio transmissions according to a first communication protocol; a transmitter operable to transmit radio transmissions according to a second communication protocol; and an arbiter connected to the receiver and transmitter; wherein the arbiter is configured to: receive from the transmitter an indication of a first transmit operation intended for performance during a first time period and one or more intended transmit characteristics of the first transmit operation, including a representation of the intended transmit power; determine whether the receiver intends to perform a communication operation during the first time period; determine in dependence on the transmit characteristics and the receive quality, a set of one or more threshold transmit characteristics for the first transmit operation; and cause the transmitter to proceed with the first transmit operation only if its transmit characteristics are constrained in accordance with the thres

Abstract: In a method for operating a navigation system for a motor vehicle having an offboard data memory, spatially separated from the motor vehicle, having data packets of visual map information, divided by region, as well as a display arranged in the motor vehicle, a selection of data packets provided for transmission to the motor vehicle and/or their sequence occur as a function of the resolution of the display, the location of the motor vehicle, an assumed route of the motor vehicle and/or the bandwidth of a communication connection provided for the transmission, the selected data packets being transmitted to the motor vehicle (e.g., in the selected sequence), and visual map information from data packets transmitted to the motor vehicle being represented by the display.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for monitoring a status of a satellite, including classifying satellite telemetry information and space weather information and storing the information in a storage unit including respective databases, predicting whether a predetermined type of satellite failure occurs based on the space weather information, and generating satellite control command information to change a status of a predetermined satellite configuration when a satellite failure determining index used to determine a possibility of the satellite failure is beyond a predetermined critical alert range.

Abstract: Call control for originating and terminating calls in a visited circuit-switched subsystem (CS) or home multimedia subsystem (MS) as well as transferring calls between the visited CS and the home MS may be anchored at a continuity control function (CCF) in the home MS. Call signaling for the call may be passed through the CCF. When the user element is homed to the home MS and served by the visited CS, the bearer path for the call is established based on the relative proximity of the home MS and the visited CS. When a local MS is more proximate to the visited CS, the bearer path may be routed through a gateway in the local MS, instead of through the gateway in the home MS. When the home MS is sufficiently proximate to the visited CS, the bearer path is routed through the gateway in the home MS.

Abstract: A airplane based communication and position finding method for receiving in a transceiver a OFDM signal from a mobile unit in an airplane. Demodulating and processing an OFDM received signal into a processed OFDM signal and processing and modulating the processed OFDM signal into a processed modulated signal. Transmitting in the airplane based transceiver the modulated signal to a satellite receiver. Receiving in the airplane based transceiver a second modulated signal from a satellite transmitter, demodulating and processing the second modulated signal into a processed second OFDM signal and modulating and transmitting said processed second OFDM signal to mobile unit. Method for processing an input voice signal, in a mobile unit, into a processed cross-correlated CDMA signal, modulating and transmitting cross-correlated CDMA signal into a modulated transmitted CDMA signal, used in a cellular system.

Abstract: An assembly for shielding an aircraft from electromagnetic energy may include a window mounting configured to be conductively coupled to an aperture in a fuselage of an aircraft. The window mounting may include a window pane having an electromagnetically-reflective coating for reflecting electromagnetic energy. The window pane may remain electrically isolated from the fuselage prior to the electromagnetic energy exceeding a frequency of approximately 1 GHz. The window mounting may further include a capacitive gasket capacitively coupling the window pane to the fuselage after the frequency of the electromagnetic energy reflected by the window pane exceeds approximately 1 GHz.

Abstract: A hybrid satellite communication system in which a hub station transmits signals to remote stations through a satellite at a relatively low frequency which is unaffected by weather effects and in which the remote stations transmit signals to the hub station at a relatively higher frequency which enables the use of more economical equipment at the remote stations. The hub station senses the signal quality or strength received from each remote station and transmits power control signals to remote stations with poor signal strengths to cause such remote stations to increase their output power to overcome weather effects. The power control signals are transmitted on the lower frequency to prevent the power control signals from being masked by the weather effects.

Abstract: Provided are a terrestrial communication method, an apparatus, and a system, wherein the system uses a first frequency used in a satellite communication system, detect a terminal of the satellite communication system in a cell of the terrestrial communication system, and perform downlink transmission using the first frequency when the terminal is not detected.

Abstract: A satellite communication system and method for an adaptive channel assignment is disclosed in which the satellite communication apparatus include a satellite beam generator to generate a satellite beam to be output to a coverage area, a channel assignor to assign a channel for the satellite beam based on interference information of the coverage area, and a communication link forming unit to form a communication link with an earth station disposed in the coverage area based on the assigned channel.

Abstract: A system and method for observing a radio wave in an interplanetary space are provided. The system may include a tile unit to observe a Radio Frequency (RF) signal generated from a cosmic radio source in the interplanetary space, and to generate observation data, a node unit to digitalize the generated observation data, and to store the digitalized observation data, and a data analyzing unit to analyze the digitalized observation data and to compute a characteristic of a solar wind.

Abstract: A system provides GSM service over distributed mobile networks. A Network Area Controller (NAC) allows Global Titles (GT) and Mobile Station Roaming Numbers (MSRN) of the GSM network to be shared within a private GSM network. A processor within the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) of a mobile network transcodes voice data and maps the data to the proper bearer QoS to allow the use of Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) such as Iridium and Inmarsat.

Abstract: Methods and systems for communicating data between a vehicle and a ground-based unit are provided. The method includes communicatively coupling the vehicle to the ground-based unit, initiating a Broadband over Power Line (BPL) link between the vehicle and the ground-based unit when power is supplied to the vehicle, and updating data stored in the vehicle with data received from the ground-based unit.