Abstract: Methods and devices for phase shifting an RF signal for a base station antenna are provided. The device includes a transmission line that has a stationary ground plane coupled to the top of a substrate and a signal line on the bottom of the substrate. The signal line has an input port and an output port. The input port receives the RF signal with a certain phase and travels across the bottom of the substrate to the output port. The RF signal has a different phase at the output port because defected ground structures etched on the stationary ground plane shift the phase of the RF signal. In addition, the device includes a movable ground plane that may cover a portion of the defected ground structures, the substrate, and the stationary ground plane such that the moveable ground plane further adjusts the phase of the RF signal.

Abstract: A method for a wireless communication includes receiving or storing a peak to average (PAR) back off value; and applying the PAR back off value to determine the transmission power and rate for SIMO and MIMO transmissions. In one aspect, the PAR back off value is at least partially based on modulation type. In another aspect, the PAR back off value is more for higher order QAM than for QPSK. The power allocation algorithm for different UL MIMO schemes is described as follows. For MIMO without antenna permutation (e.g. per antenna rate control), different PAR back off values are considered for different data streams. For MIMO with antenna permutation or other unitary transformation such as virtual antenna mapping or precoding, the PAR back off are determined based on combined channel. The transmission data rate depends on power and also the receiver algorithms such as a MMSE receiver or MMSE-SIC receiver.

Abstract: In one or more aspects data packets are iteratively transmitted to a receiver using predefined spatial mapping matrices, channel estimates are received from the receiver responsive to the iteratively transmitted data packets, and one of the predefined spatial mapping matrices is selected for transmitting additional data packets to the receiver based on the received channel estimates.

Abstract: A method of estimating the time of flight of a burst signal includes: receiving the burst signal; determining the slope of the phase characteristic of the Fourier transform of the received burst signal; and estimating the time-of-flight of the burst signal from the slope of the phase characteristic of the Fourier transform of the received burst signal.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing system that includes an information processing terminal equipped with an IC chip capable of non-contact communication with a reader/writer, a data provider device that stores a first data record for creating service data, and a control information processing device that creates the service data and transmits the service data to the information processing terminal. The information processing terminal includes a terminal communication portion that acquires the first data record from the data provider device and transmits the first data record to the control information processing device. The control information processing device includes a control communication portion that receives the first data record, a control storage portion that stores a second data record for creating the service data, and a data creation portion that creates the service data based on the first data record and the second data record.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconfiguring a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are directed to receiving an active set update message indicating that a mode of operation allowing a certain modulation scheme is enabled or disabled and performing at least one of: performing a MAC reset procedure, updating a set of reference enhanced transport format combination indicators (E-TFCIs) and associated power offsets, determining actions related to E-DPCCH boosting, modifying information related to an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH), and modifying an index that indicates an E-DCH transport block size table. The update message includes at least one modified information element (IE).

Abstract: Techniques for designing a communications unit including a signal separation module for energy harvesting. In an exemplary aspect, the signal separation module includes first and second quadrature hybrids coupled by band-pass filters (BPF's). Incoming signals within the pass-band of the BPF's are directed through the quadrature hybrids and through the BPF's, and emerge as a desired pass-band signal to be processed by an RX processing module. Incoming signals lying outside the pass-band of the BPF's are reflected from the BPF's back to the first quadrature hybrid, and output as a non-pass-band signal to be processed by an energy harvesting module. In a further exemplary aspect, the signal separation module resides in a detachable module coupleable to a wireless communications device, and a signal transmitted by the wireless communications device is coupled to the signal separation module for energy harvesting.

Abstract: A vehicle communication system for communicating with a person who is within a vehicle includes a device for hearing audible noises that emanate within the vehicle at locations external to the vehicle without making physical contact with the vehicle. Communication from the person in the vehicle to a person external to the vehicle is performed by aiming a light beam from the vehicle and receiving reflections of the light beam. The light beam is modulated by vibration of the vehicle caused the audible noises from within the vehicle. The received light beam is then processed to reproduce the audible noises so that the audible noises can be heard from a location outside of the vehicle, even when the vehicle is sealed (windows closed, etc.).

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, controllers, systems, and terminals can, in certain embodiments, determine a number and properties of potential interferers in a plurality of available radio channels. The properties of the potential interferers can include modulation methods used by the potential interferers. A network element responsible for channel allocation can perform channel allocation for a terminal and select a modulation method for the allocated channel on the basis of the determination.

Abstract: A RFID transponder includes a resonant circuit for providing a clock signal at a predetermined clock frequency, a self-calibration stage for calibrating the resonant circuit's current clock frequency towards the predetermined clock frequency. The self-calibration stage is adapted to compare a first clock frequency of the resonant circuit determined during an interrogation period, during which the resonant circuit is excited by an external RF signal, with a second clock frequency determined during a frequency maintenance period, during which the resonant circuit is excited internally through an oscillation maintenance circuit of the RFID transponder and to calibrate the resonant circuit towards the predetermined clock frequency based on the comparison result.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radio frequency front-end module, and a radio access network device and a control method thereof. The radio frequency front-end module includes a phase-shifting and attenuating unit, a radio frequency unit, and an antenna, where the radio frequency unit is respectively connected to the phase-shifting and attenuating unit and the antenna; the phase-shifting and attenuating unit is configured to receive a control signal and a radio frequency signal sent by a radio access network device and perform phase-shifting processing, or attenuating processing, or phase-shifting and attenuating processing on the radio frequency signal according to the control signal. The technical solution according to the embodiments of the present invention can be used to implement an operation mode of an intelligent antenna having multiple antennas cooperating with each other.

Abstract: An application for a two-way communication system for communicating with a person who is within a second vehicle includes a short-range radio transmitter within a first vehicle to transmit audio to a radio within the second vehicle. Communication from the person in the second vehicle to a person in the first vehicle is performed by aiming a light beam from the first vehicle at the second vehicle and receiving reflections of the light beam at the first vehicle. The light beam is modulated by vibration of the second vehicle caused by the person speaking in the second vehicle. The received light beam is then processed to reproduce the sound of the person's voice.

Abstract: There is provided a stationary analog FM-receiver for receiving analog wirelessly transmitted FM-audio signals from at least one mobile unit. The frequency has a frequency demodulator (FDM) for demodulating the received FM-audio signals. The FM-receiver further has a link quality unit (LQE) for determining a link quality for the wireless transmission of the FM-audio signals. The link quality unit (LQE) has a high-pass filter (HP) with a limit frequency for high-pass filtration of an output signal of the frequency demodulator (FDM) and a power determining unit (SE, LBE) for determining the power of the output signal of the high-pass filter (HP). The limit frequency of the high-pass filter (HP) lies in the region of between 20 kHz and 80 kHz, in particular in the region of between 50 kHz and 80 kHz.

Abstract: A system and apparatus including a wireless network architecture that provides broadband data network coverage over an expandable geographic area. A media access control layer is also provided that facilitates access to the broadband wireless network. A high-frequency wireless modem enables high data rate access to the wireless network in a spectrally-efficient manner using SSB modulation. A wideband millimeter-wave antenna includes a cosecant-squared reflector enabling signal propagation between network elements thereby enabling seamless wireless communications. A millimeter-wave polarizer, and a septum polarizer each convert between linear and circular polarization. A cross-shaped horn antenna adapted for circularly polarized signals can also be used in combination with the septum polarizer. A combined horn antenna is fed using a microstrip patch antenna.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method of operating a base station configured to operate with user devices includes scheduling a first user device in a first slot, scheduling the first user device for at least one further slot, and transmitting an assignment for the at least one further slot to the first user device. The first slot has a first resource block (RB) and a first transmission time interval (TTI) and the at least one further slot has the first RB and a second TTI.

Abstract: To set an optimal transmission power control interval such that a base station apparatus properly receives signals from a mobile station, while exploiting fast scheduling and fast AMC, in this closed-loop transmission power control method, reception SINR and average interference level are measured in a signal received in uplink, a time period for averaging reception quality is determined corresponding to an overlapped size of a dynamic range of a base station apparatus that is a region of overlapping a first reception-allowable range depend on reception capability of the base station apparatus, with a second reception-allowable range, varying corresponding to the interference level, depend on the number of a modulation and coding scheme set, each set achieving required throughput, the reception SINR is averaged using the determined time period, and a TPC command indicative of uplink transmission power to be controlled in a terminal apparatus is generated using a difference value between the averaged reception

Abstract: An application for a two-way communication system for communicating with a person who is within a second vehicle includes a short-range radio transmitter within a first vehicle to transmit audio to a radio within the second vehicle. Communication from the person in the second vehicle to a person in the first vehicle is performed by aiming a light beam from the first vehicle at the second vehicle and receiving reflections of the light beam at the first vehicle. The light beam is modulated by vibration of the second vehicle caused by the person speaking in the second vehicle. The received light beam is then processed to reproduce the sound of the person's voice.

Abstract: A communication device is disclosed. The device may be in particular a radio transmitter and a receiver that can operate with low power consumption and with improved interference rejection, therefore particularly suitable for use in low-power communication systems, such as wireless sensor networks and wireless body area networks. In one aspect, multiple frequency tones (carriers) are used to carry information from the transmitter, such that a RF signal having multiple radio frequency components is produced and transmitted. In the receiver, an envelope detector is still the RF down-converter. After down-converting intermodulation components are extracted containing amplitude, phase and frequency information of the multiple radio frequency components. This allows the desired signal (the baseband information) to be distinguished from the carriers and unwanted interference.

Abstract: Determining a frequency offset of a received signal utilizing two or more multipath components of the received signal is provided herein. By way of example, the received signal can be correlated with a synchronization sequence in a time domain or a frequency domain, resulting in separation of the two or more multipath components of the received signal. Analysis of at least one of the multipath components can provide a frequency offset of the received signal. Furthermore, by analyzing the multipath components, estimation of the frequency offset can be improved as compared with single-signal analysis techniques.

Abstract: A system and method to be used with first and second devices where the first and second devices are capable of communicating using a subset of different modulation schemes wherein the subset includes at least first and second different modulation schemes, the method for optimizing transmission of data from the first device to the second device, the method comprising the acts of at the first device, when data is to be transmitted from the first device to the second device, receiving at least a portion of a trigger signal from the second device wherein the transmitted trigger signal includes data transmitted using a sequence of at least two of the modulation schemes from the subset, the portion of the trigger signal received being a received trigger signal, analyzing the received trigger signal to identify one of the modulation schemes from the subset as a function of the received trigger signal as an initial modulation scheme to be used to transmit data to the second device and transmitting the data from the f

Abstract: A wireless transmitter includes a first filtering unit coupled to a first cable for outputting a first DC source transmitted on the first cable, a first power converting unit for converting the first DC source into a second DC source, a second filtering unit for eliminating noise in the second DC source, a first DC blocking unit for blocking the second DC source and outputting a second frequency modulation (FM) signal, an amplifier for amplifying the second FM signal to generate a first FM signal, and a second DC blocking unit coupled to the amplifier and the first cable, for outputting the first FM signal to the first cable, such that the first FM signal is transmitted to the air through the first cable as a transmitting antenna.

Abstract: A system is configured to enable polarization alignment. The system includes at least one transmitter or receiver capable of polarization alignment. The transmitter includes at least one cross-polarized antenna and the receiver includes at least one cross-polarized antenna configured to receive a signal. A polarization processor in the transmitter or the receiver is configured to cause a polarization orientation of the at least one cross-polarized antenna to align with a polarization orientation of the signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a carrier frequency signal is disclosed. The method includes generating a first frequency signal; injecting a modulation signal at a first point of the two-point modulation architecture; generating a second frequency signal from the modulation signal; introducing the second frequency signal by mixing the first frequency signal and the second frequency signal to generate a mixed frequency signal and outputting the carrier frequency signal selected from the mixed frequency signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed relating to wireless systems, and also relating to transmitter amplifiers, such as, for example, polar transmitter amplifiers with variable output power. According to an example embodiment, a circuit is provided including a plurality of selectable amplifier cells. Each amplifier cell may receive a phase or frequency modulated signal and an amplitude modulated signal. Each amplifier cell may output a signal based upon a combination of the received amplitude modulated signal and the received phase or frequency modulated signal if the amplifier cell is selected. The circuit may provide a variable output current or output power based upon the selection of one or more of the amplifier cells.

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communications is disclosed including a signal generator adapted to generate a substantially periodic signal including a plurality of cycles, and a modulator adapted to modulate an amplitude, a phase or both the amplitude and the phase of the periodic signal on a per cycle basis. In one aspect, the modulator is adapted to modulate the amplitude, the phase, or both the amplitude and phase of the periodic signal with a defined modulation signal. In another aspect, the defined modulation signal includes a substantially root raised cosine signal. In yet another aspect, the defined modulation signal is configured to achieve a defined frequency spectrum for the modulated periodic signal.

Abstract: An application for a two-way communication system for communicating with a person who is within a vehicle includes a short-range radio transmission to transmit audio to a radio within the vehicle. Communication from the person is done by reflecting a light beam on a window of the vehicle and receiving the light beam. The light beam is modulated by vibration of the window caused by the person's voice. The received light beam is then processed to reproduce the sound of the person's voice.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is operative for receiving interrogating radiation at a variable frequency tag and generating a corresponding received signal, and for receiving a signature signal and radiating corresponding response radiation. A logic unit is operative for receiving the received signal and outputting the signature signal in response, the signature signal including a signature code for use in identifying the tag. A voltage controlled oscillator is operative for controlling a rate at which the signature code is output; and a power supply is operative for providing an electrical potential difference for energizing the tag. The voltage controlled oscillator is operable to output the signature code at a rate which is governed by the magnitude of the received signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) communication device (1, 1?, 10) has data transmission means and data receiving means. The data transmission means comprise load modulating means (3) being adapted to receive a radio frequency carrier signal (CS1, CS2) emitted by another RF communication device (1, 1?, 10) and to modulate the RF carrier signal (CS1, CS2) by means of load modulation in accordance with data to be sent. The data receiving means comprise a RF frequency carrier signal generator (4) being adapted to emit a radio frequency carrier signal (CS1, CS2) and load demodulating means (5) being connected to an emission path (4a) of the radio frequency carrier signal and demodulating the radio frequency carrier signal (CS1, CS2) when it has been load modulated by another RF communication device (1, 1?, 10).

Abstract: An amplitude of a carrier signal at an output of an impedance matching block is measured as a first amplitude value. A value of the signal amplitude at the output of the impedance matching block is calculated as a second amplitude value that a signal resulting from amplitude modulation with said modulation factor from said carrier signal should assume, said carrying signal having an amplitude with the first amplitude value. A setting of a transmitter is changed to decrease the carrier signal amplitude at the output of the impedance matching block. An amplitude of a new carrier signal at the output of the impedance matching block is measured as a new amplitude value. The transmitter setting keeps changing so many times until the new amplitude value is equal to or lower than said second amplitude value or within a predetermined tolerance range around said second amplitude value.

Abstract: A phase modulation apparatus and method are provided. The phase modulation apparatus includes a storage to store phase modulation setting values corresponding to various communication modes; a phase modulation setting value selector to select, when a communication mode is changed, phase modulation setting values corresponding to the changed communication mode among the phase modulation setting values stored in the storage; and a phase modulator to modulate a phase of a transmission signal using the phase modulation setting values selected by the phase modulation setting value selector. According to the phase modulation apparatus, since a frequency characteristic of a loop filter in a PLL circuit is changed depending on a transmission mode of a communication apparatus and phase modulation is performed using appropriate bandwidths according to various transmission modes, it is possible to prevent noise characteristics from degrading when a PLL bandwidth changes.

Abstract: An integrated antenna device includes: a multiplexing processing portion for multiplexing received signals received at antennas of mutually different signal systems; a serial communication portion for outputting a multiplex signal to the outside and for receiving a control signal from the outside; a power-feeding switch for individually controlling power feeding of tuner units on the basis of the received control signal; and a pseudo-signal generating portion for generating a pseudo-signal that simulates a signal input to the multiplexing processing portion. The multiplexing processing portion uses the pseudo-signal generated at the pseudo-signal generating portion instead of a received signal corresponding to a tuner unit that is stopped from being fed power by the power-feeding switch.

Abstract: An underwater communications system is provided that transmits electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals to a remote receiver. The transmitter includes a data input. A digital data compressor compresses data to be transmitted. A modulator modulates compressed data onto a carrier signal. An electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna transmits the compressed, modulated signals. The receiver that has an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for receiving a compressed, modulated signal. A demodulator is provided for demodulating the signal to reveal compressed data. A de-compressor de-compresses the data. An appropriate human interface is provided to present transmitted data into text/audio/visible form. Similarly, the transmit system comprises appropriate audio/visual/text entry mechanisms.

Abstract: A network element, a terminal and a method of allocating a radio channel to a connection between a terminal and a base station in a telecommunication system are provided. The number and properties of potential interferers in a plurality of available radio channels are determined, and channel allocation is performed on the basis of the determination.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter relates to providing uplink data rate option information in an uplink traffic channel segment. A wireless terminal may indicate a data rate option being used for the segment via an energy pattern applied to the tone-symbols of the segment. To indicate a first data rate option, additional energy may be applied to a first set of tone-symbols of the segment. To indicate a second rate option, additional energy may be applied to a second set of tone-symbols of the segment, the second set being different from the first set. According to some aspects, each implemented energy pattern may be represented by a pattern, which has a slope (e.g., in a logical, pre-hopped representation of the channel segment), where some of the patterns have positive slope and some of the patterns have negative slope.

Abstract: Technology is provided for a plurality of people that are waiting for a service/meeting with information relating to the queue. A registration unit is arranged to place people waiting for a service/meeting in a queue. At least one radio transmitter is arranged to transmit information relating to the queue to unidentified radio receivers so that the people may receive the information via the unidentified radio receivers.

Abstract: A transmitting accessory couples with a portable electronic device such that audio signals or data from the device can be digitally transmitted to a remote receiver. The accessory includes an input port for receiving audio data from the portable electronic device. A digital transmitter transmits digital data corresponding to the audio signals or data from the portable electronic device to the remote digital receiver. If the audio signal is an analog signal, the accessory uses encoding circuitry to digitally encode the analog audio signal for transmission. The audio signal may be encoded into an HD radio format for reception by an HD radio receiver. The user inputs of the portable electronic device can preferably be used to control functions of the accessory and the device's display to display the selected transmission frequency or channel.

Abstract: A system and method bringing video to commercial FM and video to Sub-Carrier Authorization programming, the system would make use of a Double Sideband Suppress Carrier SCA frequency at 67 kHz, modulated by a Slow San Video Converter for providing minute by minute snap shots of video related to the audio program on the main FM channel such as if the main FM channel being listened to is 87.5 MHz then the related video channel would be 87.567 MHz, also, an additional audio/slow scan video FM station would be available as well and will be known as fm2, the audio portion of fm2 is an Independent Sideband Suppressed Carrier for providing audio in stereo at the SCA frequency at 114 kHz the slow scan video portion of the station is again another Double Sideband Suppress Carrier SCA at the frequency of 92 kHz.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is provide which reduces uplink signaling overhead in the process of reporting inter-frequency measurement results over a RACH. For measurement reporting, the UE receives an SIB including a cell information list for non-used frequency cells and a threshold from an RNC, compares signal strengths of signals received from the non-used frequency cells with the threshold, and acquires at least one inter-frequency cell ID indicating at least one non-used frequency cell having signal strength exceeding the threshold from the cell information list. The at least one inter-frequency cell ID is included in a RACH message as measurement result information for the at least one non-used frequency cell, and transmitted to the RNC. The RNC determines that the cell corresponding to the inter-frequency cell ID has signal strength exceeding the threshold.

Abstract: A first device transmits a training signal with a fixed beam pattern, a second device receives the training signal while scanning a beam direction, and then it obtains first AWVs each having a main beam or sub-beam beam direction in an incoming direction in the second device. Next, the first device transmits a training signal while scanning a beam direction, the second device receives the training signal with a fixed beam pattern, and then it obtains second AWVs each having a main beam or sub-beam direction in an emitting direction in the first communication device. The roles of these two devices are interchanged and similar processes are performed in order to obtain third and fourth AWVs, and then one of first AWV combinations from first and second AWVs and one of second AWV combinations from third and fourth AWVs are used for wireless communication between these devices.

Abstract: A mobile communications method, device, and system for adjusting a phase parameter in a diversity signal, based at least in part on phase feedback from a base station. While in uplink communication with a base station, a mobile device may receive a phase feedback signal from the base station. The mobile device may calculate a modified value of a phase parameter based on the phase feedback signal in order to transmit diversity signals with a gradual change in phase difference. The modified value may be between a phase parameter value indicated by the base station's phase feedback signal and a phase parameter value initially transmitted by the mobile device.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for transmitting and controlling uplink diversity signals in a mobile communication device. While in a soft handoff situation, a mobile communications device may receive a phase feedback signal from a non-serving base station. The mobile device may calculate a modified phase parameter based on the phase feedback signal from the non-serving base station in order to minimize interference with the non-serving base station, for example, by calculating a modified value of a phase difference in a direction opposite to the direction desired by the non-serving base station. In some embodiments of the invention, the mobile device may determine whether to calculate the modified phase parameter in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by the phase feedback signal of the non-serving base station based on a comparison of power feedback signals received from the non-serving and serving base stations.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of wirelessly transmitting magnetic resonance (MR) data is provided. The method comprises steps of obtaining at least one MR signal having a Larmor frequency from a radio frequency (RF) channel in an RF coil, the RF coil comprising multiple RF channels, each RF channel associated with a single imaging element, generating a modulation signal based on the MR signal, generating a carrier signal with a predetermined frequency, the predetermined frequency being associated with the RF channel and using the modulation signal to phase modulate the carrier signal to form a phase-modulated signal.

Abstract: A communications system may include a first communications device that may include a transmitter and a modulator cooperating therewith to modulate a coded waveform using a constant phase modulation (CPM) to generate a non-linear CPM waveform, and generate a linear representation of the non-linear CPM waveform, the linear representation including a plurality of pulses. The transmitter and a modulator may further cooperate to remove at least some of the plurality of pulses to define a modified linear representation of the non-linear CPM waveform, and transmit the modified linear representation of the non-linear CPM waveform. The communications system may further include a second communications device that may include a receiver and a single pulse-matched filter linear demodulator cooperating therewith to demodulate the modified linear representation of the non-linear CPM waveform transmitted from the first communications device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconfiguring a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are directed to receiving an active set update message indicating that a mode of operation allowing a certain modulation scheme is enabled or disabled and performing at least one of: performing a MAC reset procedure, updating a set of reference enhanced transport format combination indicators (E-TFCIs) and associated power offsets, determining actions related to E-DPCCH boosting, modifying information related to an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH), and modifying an index that indicates an E-DCH transport block size table. The update message includes at least one modified information element (IE).

Abstract: A device article and method for an open loop calibrated phase wrapping phase modulator. A tapped delay line may provide a coarse resolution for one or more phases of a signal. A phase multiplexer may receive one or more coarse phases from the tapped delay line and select a coarse phase to send to the digitally controlled delay line. A digitally controlled delay line may provide a fine resolution to the coarse phase from the phase multiplexer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transmitting packets to a receiver. In an implementation, the method includes storing, in a memory, a plurality of predefined spatial mapping matrices for use in a transmission of one or more packets to a receiver; sequentially transmitting one or more packets to the receiver, in which each of the sequential transmissions of one or more packets comprises using a different one of the plurality of predefined spatial mapping matrices stored in the memory; and selecting one of the plurality of predefined spatial mapping matrices stored in the memory for use in a subsequent transmission of one or more packets to the receiver, in which the selection of the one of the plurality of predefined spatial mapping matrices for use in the subsequent transmission is based on a quality of reception of the one or more data packets transmitted in each of the sequential transmissions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for utility meter reading. The present disclosure provides inexpensive, easy to install, devices that can collect and report utility usage data from a remote location automatically, or on-demand. The disclosed systems may be used to monitor up to sixty-four meters per system, wherein each of the sixty-four meters is monitored at least once per second. Methods for using the disclosed systems also are disclosed.

Abstract: An application for a two-way communication system for communicating with a person who is within a closed vehicle includes a short-range radio transmission to transmit audio to a radio within the vehicle. Communication from the person is done by reflecting a light beam on a window of the vehicle and receiving the light beam, which is modulated by vibration of the window caused by the person's voice. The received light beam is then processed to reproduce the sound of the person's voice.

Abstract: A modulator includes input paths for audio information from an electronic audio channel; output paths for transmitting said audio information over a frequency-modulated radio frequency signal to a FM broadcast receiver; and one or more programs for measuring or estimating the spectrum environment of the frequency-modulated RF signal bearing the audio information through sampling and analysis to select an optimum radio signal level and signal transmission mode for transmission to the FM receiver in a near interference free manner.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improving the spectral performance of a polar modulator are described. A composite FM signal component of a composite polar transmit signal may be processed by monitoring the FM signal to detect a transient burst component, and, responsive to detection of a transient burst, generating a spectrally friendly replacement signal component that may be combined with the FM signal to improve spectral performance of the composite signal. In addition, an associated AM component of the composite transmit signal may be filtered to further improve spectral performance.