Abstract: A high power base station (100), when having detected a small cell (PC1) that is formed by a low power base station (200) and that is a source of interference, decides both a cell-edge band, which is used in a cell-edge area (MC1OUT), and a cell-center band, which is used in a cell-center area (MC1IN), in such a manner that the cell-edge and cell-center bands are different from each other. Further, the high power base station (100) transmits the decided cell-center band to the low power base station (200). The low power base station (200) then decides, as the small-cell band, the cell-center band received from the high power base station (100).

Abstract: A cellular communication system comprises an access point (101) which supports an underlay cell of a first cell on an underlay frequency using another frequency. A proximity detector (113) detects user equipment (109) in response to a wireless transmission therefrom, which uses a different transmission technology from a transmission of the cellular communication system. In response to the proximity detection, the access point (101) temporarily transmits a pilot signal on the first cell frequency. The user equipment (109) is then switched to the access point (109) and the underlay frequency in response to a detection indication from the user equipment (109) indicating that the pilot signal has been detected. Following the switch the access point (101) terminates the transmission of the pilot signal.

Abstract: A method and a communication system including femtocells within a macrocell efficiently manage interference between the different femtocells, and between each femtocell and a macrocell. An efficient frequency assignment scheme for the femtocells minimizes interference between a femtocell and a macrocell and among different femtocells using a spectrum-sensing technique carried out by the femtocells. The frequency assignment scheme selects a suitable channel from a set of candidate channels and ensures that the femtocell has an acceptable coverage area even when it is close to the macrocell base station (BS). The frequency assignment scheme favors a co-channel implementation to take advantage of the hand-off and cell search characteristics of the co-channel implementation. In one embodiment, a joint power control and frequency band assignment technique is used, which partitions the coverage area of the macrocell into an inner region, a power control region, and an outer region.

Abstract: Methods, systems, devices, and computer program products are described for network scaling. In one example, candidate cells may be selected and ranked. For an initial assessment, the selected cells may operate at a significantly reduced power, and the network performance may be evaluated. Based on the results, only a subset of the candidate cells may be switched off. The whole process may be repeated until all the candidate cells are evaluated. Network downscaling may be done at a site level, a sector level, or a hybrid (site level first, and then additional downscaling by sector level).

Abstract: A method of transmitting cell information is disclosed. The method includes the steps of transmitting a primary broadcast channel at constant intervals in a cell of a mobile communications system; broadcasting, in the primary broadcast channel, scheduling information indicating a location of a first scheduling unit, including information to be broadcast in the cell; and broadcasting, in the first scheduling unit, information indicating whether the cell is a dominant cell or a subordinate cell.

Abstract: A distributed method and system are presented for determining the largest Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR) that can be achieved by a plurality of small wireless cells, such as femtocells or picocells, while satisfying a specified SINR value for multiple large cells, referred to as macrocells. The method also determines the minimum power levels at each of the femtocells that achieve the maximum SINR for the femtocells. The distributed synchronous algorithm executes all intensive computations independently, locally at each of the femtocells. The computations are synchronized in time and executed simultaneously at all cells where after each of the iterations information of interim power selections at the multiple cells is exchanged among the femtocells. Eventually, the computations converge to the maximum SINR value and the corresponding minimum-power solution.

Abstract: Coordinating transmission power for small-coverage base stations deployed in a wireless communication network may comprise, for example, receiving a plurality of measurement reports corresponding to two or more base stations, determining a coordinated coverage condition for the base stations, and setting a transmission power for at least one of the base stations based on the measurement reports and the coverage condition.

Abstract: A wireless spectrum valuation system receives input data. The system processes the input data to identify and display a geographic area with a population density greater than the population density threshold. The system calculates and displays a number of cell sites required for an initial deployment in the identified geographic area and calculates a first number of subscribers per cell site. If the first number of subscribers per cell site is greater than a cell site utilization threshold, then the system calculates and displays an additional number of cell sites required for the initial deployment and recalculates a number of subscribers per cell site. The system calculates a number of carriers required per cell site, calculates a cost for the initial deployment, and calculates and displays a value of a wireless spectrum.

Abstract: A radio communication system includes a plurality of base station apparatuses. In the radio communication system, the communication areas of the plurality of base station apparatuses are connected in a loop to form a borderline separating the inside and the outside of a management area. The radio communication system detects a mobile terminal which enters the management area by crossing the borderline on the basis of communication between the base station apparatuses and a mobile terminal.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods and systems are provided for backhaul transport recovery. In an embodiment, a method for backhaul transport recovery is provided. The method includes broadcasting a backhaul recovery request, and receiving backhaul recovery responses from at least one wireless device. The method also includes selecting at least one wireless recovery device from the at least one wireless device based upon the backhaul recovery responses, and establishing at least one backhaul recovery channel through the at least one wireless recovery device.

Abstract: Provided is a hierarchical rate splitting method and apparatus in a hierarchical cell communication system. An upper node or a macro base station may adaptively determine a hierarchical splitting mode based on a channel condition of a channel between the macro base station and a macro terminal and/or a performance of pico terminals in comparison to a performance of the macro terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a large cell base station (100) that, in cases in which the interference from small cell base stations (300) experienced by a radio terminal (200) connected to said large cell base station (100) is at or above a prescribed value, estimates a non-interference PF evaluation value for assessing whether or not the allocation of resource blocks to the radio terminal (200) is suitable when said interference is assumed to not be present. Additionally, the large cell base station (100) transmits band-use restriction information, which indicates use restrictions for the frequency bands corresponding to the resource blocks, to the small cell base stations (300) in cases in which the non-interference PF evaluation value is at or above a prescribed value.

Abstract: A method of providing a multimedia multicast service in a digital wireless communication network, the network having a network controller for controlling of at least one base station, comprising establishing a single data stream from the network controller to the base station for transmitting of multimedia data, by means of a single lub link or transport bearer and establishing a separate communication link and a separate data queue for each user equipment in a radio cell of the base station which requests the multimedia data.

Abstract: A method for mitigating interference at a small base station in a hierarchical cell structure is provided. In the method, the small base station checks a sub-frame allocated to macro user equipment by using a downlink signal received from a macro base station when an interference candidate user equipment list is received. The interference candidate user equipment list contains information on the macro user equipment adjacent to a femto cell controlled by the small base station. Then the small base station allocates other sub-frame to femto user equipment located in the femto cell by avoiding the sub-frame allocated to the macro user equipment.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for global wireless sensor network architecture and protocol for remote supervision, asset control and operational management based on localized clusters of autonomous sensor/supervision/operational sensor nodes capable of ad hoc interconnection with nearby nodes and connection to gateway nodes with increased network functionality. These localized cluster nodes send data to gateway nodes either directly or through multi-hop transactions. The gateway nodes are, in turn, connected to other gateway nodes and operations control centers either through wireless or wired data communications links. Utilizing the Internet for long range interconnectivity, the network is scaleable to a global level. The resulting network is based on an ad hoc mesh topology to allow flexibility in network modification and expansion and is comprised of a tiered structure defined by increasing functionality.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide interference mitigation in a heterogeneous network using beamforming. In the method, a macro Mobile Station (MS) receives a broadcast message including a Precoding Matrix Index (PMI) set restricted in a macro cell, measures a Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and a channel power from an adjacent femto Base Station (BS) and calculates a PMI, determines whether to request a dedicated frequency resource for a macro MS on the basis of the measured SINR, the channel power from the adjacent femto BS, and the calculated PMI, and requests the dedicated frequency resource for the macro MS from a macro BS.

Abstract: The signals from adjacent transmitters reinforce one another. As a result of this over-the-air combining, signal quality is improved in the network and especially at or near cell boundaries. The present invention provides a graduated single frequency network (GSFN) wherein transmitters in cells throughout a geographic area cooperate to broadcast data to user terminals throughout the geographic area, and adjacent transmitters transmit signals that substantially reinforce one another. When transmitting the data, transmitters in certain adjacent cells throughout the geographic area may employ slightly different transmit parameters to provide slightly different transmission signals. The transmission signals used to transmit the data may be varied in a graduated fashion throughout the geographic area, wherein even when there is a difference in the transmission signals of transmitters in adjacent cells, the transmission signals reinforce one another despite being different.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile network, especially according to that of GSM- and/or UMTS-standards for the communication of mobile stations. The network consists of at least two base stations with antennas for sending and/or receiving communication signals, wherein the covered area of the base stations forms a radio cell which is divided into a close-up range and a far range, wherein different transmission sources are provided for the radio traffic.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for obtaining a small cell identifier in a wireless communication system having a hierarchical cell structure are provided. The method includes obtaining a small cell identifier of a terminal in a wireless communication system of a hierarchical cell structure, transmitting resource information allocated for a Random Access Channel (RACH) of a terminal to a small base station, receiving state information regarding the RACH of the terminal from the small base station, determining at least one small base station adjacent to the terminal using the state information regarding the RACH, and transmitting cell IDentifier (ID) information of the determined small base station to the terminal.

Abstract: A communication unit is capable of communicating in a wireless communication network. The communication unit comprises a receiver for receiving timing signals from a plurality of serving wireless communication units; a frequency synchronizing circuit operably coupled to the receiver for synchronizing an operating frequency of the communication unit to a serving wireless communication unit of the plurality of serving wireless communication units Control logic is capable of controlling the frequency synchronizing circuit to adjust an operating frequency of the communication unit. The control logic is arranged to distinguish between macro cell transmissions and femto cell transmissions and in response thereto selectively use or reject timing signals from the plurality of serving wireless communication units in adjusting the operating frequency of the wireless communication unit.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a wireless communication system (100, FIG. 1) includes one or more nodes (102-108) and one or more user equipments (UE) (130-134). A node may service a cell (110-116). A UE may be classified (802, FIG. 8) into a cell-edge UE group when the UE is within in a cell-edge region (504, 506, 508, FIG. 5) of a cell. The cell-edge UE group may be allocated at least one first frequency range within an available bandwidth (600, 700, FIGS. 6 and 7). A UE may be reclassified (808, FIG. 8) into a cell-center UE group based on at least one indicator of UE performance. The cell-center UE group may be allocated at least one second frequency range within the available bandwidth.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes the ability to determine that a fault condition associated with at least a portion of a cell associated with a base station is likely. Disclosed examples include using information regarding call activity levels of various portions of a cell for determining an expected call activity level for at least one portion of the cell. One example includes using the least active portion of the cell as the portion of interest. Previously observed activity levels provide information to automatically determine an expected relationship between the activity levels of the portions of the cell. Disclosed examples include determining whether a deviation between the actual call activity level and the expected call activity level is statistically significant enough to indicate a fault condition with at least the portion of the cell, which is of interest.

Abstract: A call control system comprises a communication interface and a processing system. The communication interface is configured to receive a first access request from a communication system requesting access to a voice service. The communication interface is configured to, in response to receiving the first access request, transfer a rejection to the communication system that indicates that the voice service is not available. The communication interface is configured to, in response to transferring the rejection, receive a first call request for a priority service from the communication system. The processing system is configured to process the first call request to determine if the first call request indicates the priority service. If the first call request indicates the priority service, then the communication interface is configured to transfer a second access request to a communication network in response to the first call request.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling transmission power of femtocells for interference control. The method includes (a) setting transmission power of femtocells to initial transmission power, (b) establishing inequalities between received signal to interference ratios (SIRs) of I user terminals and SIRs satisfying service requirements of the terminals as I simultaneous inequalities, (c) identifying whether the inequalities constituting the simultaneous inequalities are satisfied, and (d) maintaining currently adjusted transmission power and stopping transmission power adjustment of the femtocells if all the inequalities are satisfied in operation (c), wherein operations (c) and (d) are iterated while inequalities are sequentially selected one by one from at least some inequalities if at least some inequalities are not satisfied in operation (c) and transmission power is adjusted one by one in terms representing the transmission power of femtocells in the inequalities.

Abstract: A system and method for uplink inter cell interference coordination and multi-user multiple input, multiple output in a wireless access system are provided. A method for providing uplink inter cell interference coordination in a wireless access system includes categorizing users the wireless access system, selecting a resource allocation plan based on the categorized users, allocating resources to the users in the wireless access system based on the selected resource allocation plan, and receiving transmissions from the users.

Abstract: A novel solution is presented in which a MAC (Medium Access Controller) is implemented that includes multiple functionality types. This MAC may include functionality supporting communication according to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) related standards and also to one or more of the standards generated by the IEEE 802.15.3 PAN (Personal Area Network) working group. By providing this dual functionality of a multi-mode WLAN/PAN MAC, a communication device may adaptively change the manner in which it communicates with other communication devices. For example, in an effort to maximize throughput and overall efficiency of communication within a communication system, certain of the various devices may change from using the WLAN related standards to using the PAN related standards, and vice versa, based on any one or more of a variety of operational parameters including system configuration.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optimizing system performance of capacity and spectrum constrained, multiple-access communication systems by selectively discarding packets are provided. The systems and methods provided herein can drive changes in the communication system using control responses. One such control responses includes the optimal discard (also referred to herein as “intelligent discard”) of network packets under capacity constrained conditions. Some embodiments provide an interactive response by selectively discarding packets to enhance perceived and actual system throughput, other embodiments provide a reactive response by selectively discarding data packets based on their relative impact to service quality to mitigate oversubscription, others provide a proactive response by discarding packets based on predicted oversubscription, and others provide a combination thereof.

Abstract: Location of small, consumer deployed femto-cells cannot be determined by the usual site survey methods. Location of attached mobiles allows for a proxy location of the femto-cell that can then be used for wireless network planning including the provisioning of a calculated default emergency services location for the femto-cell.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system including Home eNBs, information on mobile stations permitted to access each Home eNB are registered, and the permitted mobile stations are connected to the Home eNB at substantially the same time as the registration of the access permission. In order to control access to a user targeted base station, the information on mobile stations permitted to access the user targeted base station is supplied to the user targeted base station. The information on the mobile stations is transmitted to a mobile communication management apparatus. The mobile station registration is stored in the mobile communication management apparatus in association with the user targeted base station. When the mobile station has entered a location registration area covering the user targeted base station or exists in the location registration area, the mobile communication management apparatus transmits connection information for the user targeted base station to the mobile station.

Abstract: A method for a cellular communications system (100) with a user (UE, 110) and a hierarchy of nodes between a UE (110) and an external network (150). The hierarchy comprises at least first (125) and second (130) nodes, and there can be a plurality of connections between the UE (110) and the network (150) via data channels (160) between the nodes, and plurality of data containers (170) with data regarding the data channels. A connection between a UE (110) and the external network (150) can be inactivated whilst the corresponding data container (170) is preserved, and an inactivated connection can be reactivated by the external network (150). When a connection is to be reactivated, the second node (130) utilizes information from the external network (150) in order to reactivate the data channel or channels which is/are concerned and which have had their data containers (170) preserved.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for implementing low-cost Internet-base-station (LCIB) radio-frequency (RF) adaptation using stationary transceivers. In an embodiment, an LCIB emits a pilot beacon having an adjustable transmission-power level. The LCIB repeatedly wirelessly sends transmissions for receipt by each transceiver in a set of one or more stationary transceivers while increasing the power level at which the transmissions are sent. The transceivers are arranged to wirelessly send acknowledgements to the LCIB upon successful receipt of the transmissions. The LCIB receives at least one acknowledgement from a subset of the transceivers, and responsively sets the pilot-beacon transmission-power level equal to an operating value, which the LCIB selects based at least in part on a minimum transmission-sending power level needed to receive an acknowledgement from each transceiver in the subset.

Abstract: A method for optimizing RF coverage includes dividing a floor plan according to a plurality of grids. Radio frequency coverage for each of the plurality of grids is calculated to render a plurality of coverages. First data representative of the plurality of coverage grids is provided to a client. Second data representative of an incremental change in radio frequency coverage for a first grid of the plurality of grids is provided to the client.

Abstract: A method for distributing wireless resource in multicarrier time division duplexing mobile communication system, such as TD-CDMA system, to overcome the shortage of 3GPP single carrier cell channel distribution technology of covering more lager area in composing cellular system, which contains using an area of covering same or almost same as a cell, selecting one carrier as main carrier and other carriers as auxiliary carrier, the frequency of main carrier is as different as possible, setting all public control channel in main carrier, the left resource of main carrier and resource of auxiliary carrier are used in uplink and downlink service channel, the arrangement of public channel in main carrier is same with that in single carrier cell.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of the inventive subject matter described herein include, but are not limited to, the following: a femto-cell device, methods for use by a wireless location system (WLS) in locating a femto-cell device, and a wireless location system having certain features relating to the location of femto-cell devices. A femto-cell device used in a wireless communications system (WCS) includes a location subsystem configured to acquire information identifying the geographic location of the femto-cell device. The device also includes an antenna subsystem, a radio frequency (RF) block coupled to the antenna subsystem, a baseband block coupled to the RF block, and a communications block coupled to the baseband block. In addition, the device is configured to communicate with the WCS, including communicating at least some of the location information to the WCS.

Abstract: A base station accommodation method and mobile communication system which allows the installation of many micro-miniature BTS devices are provided. The mobile communication system includes a plurality of base stations which accommodate a plurality of mobile terminals respectively; a plurality of first base station control devices, each of which accommodates a predetermined number of base stations out of the plurality of base stations; and a second base station control device which accommodates the plurality of first base station control devices, wherein each of the plurality of first base station control devices comprises, for supporting information identifying a mobile terminal, a mobile terminal data base to store identification information which identifies a base station to which the mobile terminal is subordinate, and a station data base to store an address of the base station.

Abstract: Spectrum monitoring measurements are made by microcell base stations in a layered cellular network, while not serving calls or engaged in processing calls. The microcell base station transmits a first control message from to a microcell mobile station, to increase the duration for the mobile station to reside in the camping state on a control channel of the microcell base station. The microcell base station transmits a second control message from the microcell base station to the microcell mobile station, to increase the duration for the mobile station to reside in a call origination state while attempting to access a control channel of the microcell base station. Then, to perform the spectrum monitoring measurement, the base station's transmitter is turned off, the receiver is retuned to the frequency to be monitored, a signal strength measurement taken on that frequency, the receiver is retuned back to its assigned frequency, and the transmitter is turned back on, all in a short time interval.

Abstract: A communication method of a macro base station, a macro terminal, a micro base station, and a micro terminal determines an interference control scheme for each interference condition between a micro cell and a micro cell and between a macro cell and a micro cell in a hierarchical cellular network, and controls interference in the hierarchical cellular network where a detailed operation for each determined interference control scheme, a message associated with the detailed operation, and a resource management scheme are defined.

Abstract: A communications base station is installed at a selected new location and the base station, prior to going “online” monitors the wireless traffic from other base stations within interference range of the new base station's coverage area. The new base station also monitors the wireless traffic between mobile devices within its coverage area and these other base stations. Based upon these monitored conditions, as well as other known conditions, the new base station then determines the transmitting parameter configuration it should imply in order to achieve a desired optimization between capacity and coverage area. After the new base station is online, a central control can monitor the entire network to determine if any additional changes are necessary and if so the new transceiver, or any other transceiver, can be instructed to monitor itself with respect to interference and to take corrective action to improve overall network coverage and capacity.

Abstract: In a cell of a cellular wireless communication system, the SIR of at least one user in a sector of the cell is altered by temporarily reducing transmissions on a forward link in at least one other sector of the cell or a sector in another cell in accordance with a pattern.

Abstract: A method to facilitate handover includes detecting that a mobile unit resides within at least one predetermined zone where a handover event from a first radio technology to a second radio technology may need to occur, the second radio technology being different from the first radio technology.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sharing white space with primary services and other emerging services are provided. Signal distribution within a specified location, such as a dwelling, is performed using a home gateway that identifies unused white space, reserves such white space spectrum, and delivers data to one or more devices at the respective location using the reserved spectrum. Signalling between the devices and the gateway is performed over a shared signalling channel, which enables the gateway to advise the devices from where and when to receive data. The gateway also uses a common spectrum reservation OFDM symbol to advise the neighboring gateways of the local spectrum reservation.

Abstract: A method for controlling a first interface and a second interface installed on a mobile node is provided, wherein the mobile node communicates with a first access network (AN) through the first interface and communicates with a second AN through the second interface. The method comprises following steps. A first IP address is acquired through the first interface and the first AN for accessing a service network (SN). A second IP address is acquired through the second interface and the second AN for accessing the SN. The first interface is then selected as an awake interface. The second bridging node is directed to create and cache binding information indicating a binding of the second IP address to the first IP address. The second interface is turned off after the binding information is successfully created and cached on the second bridging node.

Abstract: A wireless sensor network for monitoring one or more selected environmental characteristics. Multiple wireless signal transceivers, disposed in respective portions of a selected environment, respond to one or more wireless beacon signals by selectively collecting, processing and storing data corresponding to one or more characteristics of such portions of the selected environment, and by selectively transmitting respective wireless response signals containing selected portions of such data. Alternatively, multiple wireless signal transceivers, disposed in respective sub-networks in portions of a selected environment, collect and convey data corresponding to one or more characteristics of such selected environment portions.

Abstract: A method of cell selection in a wireless cellular network having a plurality of radio system cells involves determining a bandwidth indication for data communication through each of a serving cell and at least one neighboring cell to the serving cell. The bandwidth indication comprises an indication of the capacity for data communication through each cell. One of the cells is then selected for packet-based communication in accordance with the determined bandwidth indications.

Abstract: A communication method of a macro base station including reporting information about a broadcast channel section in order to identify a femtocell in the macrocell, is provided. The macro base station receives position information of a mobile terminal and a request for information about neighboring femto base stations from the mobile terminal, when the mobile terminal identifies an accessible femto base station in the broadcast channel section. The macro base station generates a list of the neighboring femto base stations and information about the neighboring femto base stations based on the position information of the mobile terminal, and transmits the list and the information about the neighboring femto base stations to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: Overlaying a Wireless Macro Cell architecture on a Micro Cell network. WLAN MAC Address Translation (WMAT) is used to translate BSSIDs from the BSSID used to initialize a radio in an access node and identify communications between the radio in the access node and a controller, and the BSSID used over the air for Macro Cell operation. WMAT is used for transmit operations, translating the BSSID of outgoing packets to the Macro Cell BSSID prior to wireless transmission. On the receive side, packets undergo WMAT and transmission to the controller if the STN MAC address of the sender is in an ACK table associated with the radio, or the packet is one of a predetermined type. The ACK table is managed by transmit operations, and by control commands from the controller.

Abstract: A method for proximity detection in a wireless communication network. A node attempts to determine the proximity of the closest neighboring node by transmitting a ranging request. Other nodes respond, and the first node to receive and respond to the request will have the shortest response time and thus will be the closest node. Exact ranges can be determined by applying Time-Of-Arrival (TOA) techniques to node response times. To further avoid collisions, one or more frames of the response messages can be same, making the multiple responses appear as multi-path. The group of responders can be narrowed and individual groups probed in a search pattern until the single nearest node is known or range of the nearest node is known. The ranging node may then use ordinary unicast mechanisms to probe this node, or begin scanning the groups again, or interleave the two mechanisms as desired.

Abstract: A method for transmitting beacons by nodes in a multi-tier wireless local area network is disclosed. First, a first beacon by a tier 1 node in the multi-tier wireless local area network is transmitted. Then, a second beacon by a tier 2 node is transmitted where the second beacon is transmitted based upon the time that the first beacon is sent by the tier 1 node.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program for authenticating a newly activated local area base station in a cellular network is presented. The newly activated local area base station, associated with a sub-cell located within a coverage area of a wide area base station of a cellular telecommunication system, is paired with the wide area base station on the basis of information enabling identification of the wide area base station and originating from the local area base station. Then, transfer of a radio communication identifier to the local area base station is arranged over a wired connection.

Abstract: A method for paging access terminals. The method includes: a network entity sends a paging message to a target AN. The paging message carries the information required for calculating the time when the AT wakes to monitor the paging message. The information includes the absolute time that is determined according to the time when the AT previously shifts from the connected state to the idle state. Upon receipt of the paging message, the target AN determines when to send the paging message to the AT according to the information carried in the paging message. The present embodiments also disclose a system and apparatus for paging access terminals. The apparatus is a network entity that sends the paging message. The method, system and apparatus can be used to determine the time when the AT wakes to monitor the paging message, thus ensuring that the AT paging is not missed.