Abstract: Methods and radio network nodes (BS1, BS2) for alleviating interference on downlink radio signals in a victim User Equipment, UE (T1, T2), caused by uplink transmission from an aggressor UE (T2, T1). The interference occurs during a flexible subframe in which the direction of signal transmission is variable between uplink and downlink in different radio frames. A first radio network node (BS1) detects (4:1) that a first UE (T1) that is served by the first radio network node (BS1) is one of the victim and aggressor UEs. The first radio network node (BS1) identifies (4:2) a second radio network node (BS2) employing a subframe scheme such that uplink transmission from the aggressor UE may overlap at least partly with downlink reception in the victim UE during the flexible subframe. The first radio network node (BS1) sends (4:3) a notification to the second radio network node, indicating that the first UE is served by the first radio network node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an interference-aware resource-sharing scheme for multiple D2D group communications is provided. The method for interference-aware resource-sharing scheme for multiple D2D communications includes initializing a D2D communication request and deciding the numbers of D2D pairs and CUEs, grouping D2D pairs according to the decided numbers of the D2D pairs and CUEs, selecting target CUEs for the grouped D2D pairs to share frequency resources, applying interference alignment to the D2D groups, updating the set of the CUEs and D2D pairs, and moving the rest of the D2D pairs to the orthogonal group.

Abstract: A load on a wireless communication system is measured without monitoring communication in a network by acquiring a serving cell RSRP indicating a reception strength of a reference signal received from one cell of an LTE system, an RSRQ indicating a reception quality of the reference signal, and a non-serving cell RSRP indicating a reception strength of a reference signal received from another cell other than the one cell, that are measured within the one cell, and deriving, based on the serving cell RSRP, the RSRQ and the non-serving cell RSRP, an estimate value of at least any of a PRB utilization ratio in the one cell and a PRB average utilization ratio in the one cell and the other cell.

Abstract: A network equipment test device includes per-UE uplink signal generation processing chains for generating per-UE time domain uplink signals. Per-UE signal faders simulate per-UE signal fading for the per-UE time domain uplink signals. Different phases and amplitudes are used over time to simulate different signal fading. Fourier transformation units perform Fourier transformation of each of the time domain uplink signals to produce per-UE frequency domain uplink signals with simulated per-UE signal fading. A subcarrier mapping unit performs subcarrier mapping of the per-UE frequency domain uplink signals to produce a frequency domain multi-UE uplink signal with simulated per-UE signal fading. An inverse Fourier transformation unit performs inverse Fourier transformation of the frequency domain multi-UE uplink signal to produce a multi-UE time domain uplink signal with simulated per-UE signal fading.

Abstract: Provided are a method for receiving data in a wireless communication system and a device using same. A device receives a code block from one cell among configured multiple cells. If a decoding error of the code block is detected, the device stores a part of or all of the code block in a receiver buffer. The number of coded bits of the code block stored in the receiver buffer is determined on the basis of the maximum modulation order supported by the cell from which the code block is received.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and an apparatus for configuring a radio resource. In a wireless communication system, a radio resource is split into a plurality of radio resource slices corresponding to different service types and a radio source slice corresponding to a service type among a plurality of radio resource slices that a device requests is determined.

Abstract: A base station comprises: a controller configured to control, in a case another base station performs efficient operation by which a part of functions regarding communication with a user terminal is stopped, so that the part of functions is performed in the base station, in place of in the other base station, while the base station utilizes a radio unit and an antenna unit of the other base station.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a method for transreceiving signals between a base station and user equipment in wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises a step of transreceiving the signals with the base station, in units of a wireless frame comprising at least one user equipment-shared time resource interval and at least one user equipment-specific time resource interval, wherein the at least one user equipment-specific time resource interval is a time resource interval for transreceiving data between the base station and the user equipment, and wherein the at least one user equipment-shared time resource interval is a time resource interval for transreceiving signals for measuring interference.

Abstract: A method of selecting a common channel type for uplink transmission in a wireless communication network when conflicting instructions are received, a computer program product and user equipment operable to perform that method. The method comprises: attempting to acquire resource on a first type of common channel for uplink transmission of information in accordance with a first received instruction; receiving a second instruction to make any uplink transmission on a second type of common channel; determining whether there is any information to be sent and, if not, ceasing attempts to acquire resource on the first type of common channel. Aspects and embodiments described aim to provide a method to resolve a mixture of commands received by user equipment while aiming to ensure efficient overall network operation.

Abstract: A base station apparatus of small-cell base station is provided, by which interference from a small-cell in downlink signals of macro cell can be suppressed without lowering a power of downlink signals from the small-cell base station more than necessary, in state that a macro-cell base station is located neighboring the small cell of small-cell base station. The base station apparatus comprises transmission-power control means of controlling a down link transmission power of downlink in a range between a maximum power and a minimum power which are set in advance, and information acquisition means of acquiring information on electrical field intensity of a transmission signal transmitted from the macro-cell base station located at a periphery of the own base station.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure provide for enabling at least one opportunity to transmit mission critical (MiCr) data and at least one opportunity to receive MiCr data in a time division duplex (TDD) subframe during a single transmission time interval (TTI). The single TTI may be no greater than 500 microseconds. The TDD subframe may be a downlink (DL)-centric TDD subframe or an uplink (UL)-centric TDD subframe. How much of the TDD subframe is configured for the at least one opportunity to transmit the MiCr data and how much of the TDD subframe is configured for the at least one opportunity to receive the MiCr data may be adjusted based on one or more characteristics of the MiCr data. The MiCr data may have a low latency requirement, a high priority requirement, and/or a high reliability requirement. Various other aspects are provided throughout the present disclosure.

Abstract: A device to device (D2D) communication method based on a partial device control is disclosed. According to the present invention, the D2D communication method and, particularly, to a partial device control method for D2D communication a relates to, and provides a D2D resource allocation and release method, a D2D HARQ process operating method, a link adaptation method comprising D2D link power control and adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), a D2D control information signaling method, a CSI reporting method for D2D communication, and contents of a CSI report. The present invention can enhance the advantages of and compensate for the disadvantages of both methods through the combination of a base station control a base station control type D2D communication method and a device control type D2D communication method.

Abstract: A method of handling interference caused by inter-modulation in a network node site comprising a set of network nodes for wireless communication capable of communication with a set of stations for wireless communication is disclosed. The stations are wireless transceiver devices and communication from the network node to any of the stations is considered to be downlink communication and communication from any of the stations is considered to be uplink communication. The method comprises detecting an interference level on the uplink carrier frequency band for a subset of stations of the set of stations, and determining whether the interference level indicates probable inter-modulation interference. If the interference level indicates probable inter-modulation interference, the method proceeds with modifying a power control scheme for the subset of stations, and sending a parameter set based on the modified power control scheme to the subset of stations. A computer program and network node are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing power consumption in a mobile communication device is disclosed. The device may have multiple subscriber identity modules (SIMs), wherein each SIM is associated with a subscription. The method may include measuring received signal strengths from one or more cells for use with a first subscription. The method may also include sharing the search results for use with a second subscription. The first subscription and the second subscription may be associated with the same or difference cells and radio access technologies. The method may also include refraining from measuring the received signal strengths of the one or more cells for use with the second subscription, based on the search results.

Abstract: A process of operating a wireless device and a wireless device operative for obtaining at least one of data usage or an amount of data usage available by a wireless access point with a processor. The process and device further connecting to the wireless access point and transferring data to and from the wireless access point with a transceiver and displaying on a display the at least one of data usage or an amount of data usage available by the wireless access point.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for obtaining a locus of an estimated location of a mobile device. According to an embodiment, a mobile device may obtain a plurality of timing advance parameters based, at least in part, on frames transmitted from the mobile device to a plurality of base stations on uplink channels to the plurality of base stations. A timing advance parameter may be selected from among the plurality of timing advance parameters to a particular base station of the plurality of base stations, wherein the particular base station is not a base station of a primary cell. The locus of the estimated location of the mobile device may then be determined based, at least in part, on a location of the particular base station and the selected timing advance parameter.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method in a user equipment (UE) for adaptively determining a wakeup period includes determining a power level of a Downlink (DL) transmission from a base station during a first wakeup period within a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) inactive time. The UE deactivates a RF receiver in response to the determination of the second wakeup period. The UE activates the RF receiver at a beginning of the second wakeup period prior to a DRX active time. The UE receives a DL paging channel transmission during the DRX active time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a user equipment and a radio base station in a communication network, in which a downlink out-of-coverage is detected based on measurements done on a common channel or on the combination of common and dedicated channels. The out-of-coverage is then reported to the network, either using resources proactively assigned to the user equipment, or by transmitting a predetermined pattern of signature sequences assigned to the user equipment.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer-readable storage media for scheduling physical resource blocks (PRBs) comprises a communication radio access network (RAN) base station with a scheduler that assigns one or more PRBs to a communication channel of a user device. The PRBs can be prioritized according to a radio frequency (rf) interference level across the contiguous band of PRBs. The rf interference level of a communication channel of the user device can be monitored by the scheduler. The scheduler assigns one or more of the prioritized PRBs according to the rf interference level of the PRBs and according to the rf interference level of the communication channel of the user device.

Abstract: Provided is a control apparatus that can improve throughput of a cell edge user while preventing the throughput of the cell edge user. A control apparatus (10) according to the present invention is disposed in a radio system including communication areas formed by a plurality of cells using the same frequency band. The control apparatus (10) includes a pattern determining unit (110) for defining a cell group including one or more cells formed by radio stations (1) to (6) and determining a time pattern of transmission power to be set for each of a plurality of the cell groups and a communication unit (120) for notifying the radio stations (1) to (6) that form the cells included in the cell group of the time patterns of the transmission power and timing signals indicating switching timings of the transmission power in the radio stations (1) to (6).

Abstract: A mobile device (UE) may decode the Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) blindly, which may include obtaining resource elements (REs) that are reserved for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), based on a largest value of a control format indicator (CFI), finding a total number of control channel elements (CCEs) according to the obtained REs, numbering the CCEs, and decoding the PDCCH for the largest value of the CFI over the numbered CCEs. Accordingly, the UE does not need to decode the PCFICH) specifically. In some cases, the UE may indicate to the network that it is a constrained device, and the network may transmit control information using a reserved CFI value in response to the indication that the UE is a constrained device. The UE may then not decode the PCFICH, and decode the PDCCH based on the PDCCH occupying a first four OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A user apparatus having a primary cell on a licensed band is requested to scan an unlicensed band, the scanning being performed with a raster. The thus obtained availability of the unlicensed band is used for determining a secondary cell. To improve the reparation of the traffic between the primary cell and the secondary cell, timing information measurements are carried out which can be exploited to avoid interferences between the primary and the secondary cell.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus detects a downlink frame timing based on a synchronization signal in EUTRAN, receives a TA (Timing Advance) command from a base station apparatus of the EUTRAN, transmits an uplink signal in the EUTRAN to the base station apparatus of the EUTRAN at a timing based on at least the downlink frame timing and a value of the TA command, and transmits a signal between terminal apparatuses to another terminal apparatus at the same timing.

Abstract: It is presented a method for providing data to a wireless device in a cellular communication network comprising a plurality of radio cells. The method is performed in a data provider device and comprises the steps of: predicting a set of potential future locations of the wireless device; predicting future data transfer capacity at the set of potential future locations; and preloading data to the wireless device at a first time when an expected transfer capacity is greater than a desired data transfer capacity, and when a data transfer capacity at a second time after the first time is predicted to be less than a desired data transfer capacity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a power control method in device to device (D2D) communication and a user equipment for performing the power control method. The method includes computing a power value of device to device (D2D) transmission of a user equipment performing D2D communication in a subframe in a serving cell, based on a power control adjustment state of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wide area network (WAN) uplink channel of the user equipment and an offset or a ratio indicated by a transmit power control (TPC) command indicated in D2D grant or downlink control information (DCI) format 3/3A.

Abstract: A method for controlling, by an entity of a first radio access technology (RAT), a base station of a second RAT in a multi-RAT environment, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: determining an operation mode of the base station of the second RAT; and transmitting, to the base station of the second RAT, a message instructing a transition to the determined operation mode, wherein the message changes the opportunity for the second RAT to occupy a radio resource through a contention between the base station of the second RAT and a terminal connected to the first RAT.

Abstract: A method and system for determining measures of cell phone coverage along a travel route. Received are: a specification of a travel destination by a road vehicle, a projected starting time for a user to begin travel along the travel route from a starting location of the vehicle to the travel destination, and a telephone carrier service for the cell phone. Measures of cell phone coverage along the travel route are determined and include: (i) amounts of dropped calls by the telephone carrier service in areas along the travel route in which the telephone carrier service provides cell phone coverage, (ii) a quality of cell phone service by the telephone carrier service, correlated to time of day, along the travel route, or (iii) both the amounts of dropped calls and the quality of cell phone service. The measures of cell phone coverage along the travel route are displayed.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding systems for determining a transmit power in a wireless device include receiving, in the wireless device, a cell-wide power control parameter related to a target receive power at a serving base station. Thereafter, a transmit power is calculated in response to the cell-wide power control parameter and an implicit mobile-specific power control parameter. The wireless device then transmits using the transmit power. The cell-wide power control parameter can be a cell target signal to interference-plus-noise ratio, or a fractional power control exponent. The implicit mobile-specific power control parameter can be a modulation and coding level previously used by the wireless device, or a downlink SINR level measured by the wireless device.

Abstract: There is provided a method and system for management of Machine Type Communication (MTC) events. The system and method enables the detection of a state of the MTC event, correlating the state of MTC event with a Virtual Network Function (VNF) state of a VNF configured to mitigate the MTC event and transitioning the VNF to the VNF state which correlates with the MTC state. In this manner, the VNF can be in a configured and active state in advance of the MTC event reaching a critical state, thereby enabling mitigation of the MTC event prior to reaching the critical state.

Abstract: Technology for reducing coexistence interference in a multi-radio wireless device is disclosed. In one method, a determination is made if coexistence interference is occurring in the multi-radio device. The multi-radio device is then configured to not monitor physical downlink control channels for pending uplink transmissions in a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver in the multi-radio device that occur during an unscheduled period of discontinuous reception (DRX).

Abstract: In some implementations, a method of wireless communications between a wireless communications network and wireless user equipment includes receiving, using a primary Time Division Duplex (TDD) configuration, data on a primary component carrier in a first frequency band. Using a secondary TDD configuration, data on a secondary component carrier is received in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band. A Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) for data received on the secondary component carrier is transmitted using a supplemental TDD configuration. A transmission or retransmission on the secondary component carrier uses a supplemental TDD configuration as well. The supplemental TDD configuration is different from the secondary TDD configuration. Furthermore, an uplink supplemental configuration may be different from a downlink supplemental configuration.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal that communicates on a plurality of sub-carriers divided into a plurality of frequency bands, wherein each frequency band includes at least one sub-carrier. The terminal measures a channel quality indicator (CQI) for a plurality of frequency bands, identifies a subset of frequency bands for which the channel quality indicator has been measured based on a subset criterion, and transmits a report identifying a subset of frequency bands for which a channel quality indicator has been measured or frequency bands not in the subset. In some embodiments, the report also includes a subset CQI value associated with at least the subset of frequency bands.

Abstract: A method and controlling node (500) to control a signal combining operation performed on uplink radio signals transmitted from a User Equipment, UE, in a combined cell served by multiple radio nodes (502). Signal quality information (SQ) is received from the UE indicating a signal quality measured by the UE on a node-specific probing pilot signal (PS1-PS4) transmitted from each of the multiple radio nodes, and a subset (RN2-RN3) of the multiple radio nodes is selected based on the received channel quality information. The signal combining operation is then performing (204) on the uplink radio signals received by the selected subset of the multiple radio nodes. Thereby, the performance of the signal combining operation can be improved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently communicating network connectivity information in a communications system are described. Two types of signals with different characteristics, e.g., long range synchronous beacons, e.g., LTE-D beacons, and short range asynchronous beacons, e.g., WiFi beacons, are used in combination to advertise network connectivity information and accelerate the acquisition of a routing path for a communications device to a device serving as a gateway for a infrastructure network. Reception of a first type signal triggers monitoring for a second type signal, and a received second type signal communicates information used to determine a communications path to a gateway device.

Abstract: A method for providing on-demand quality-of-service for a data connection of a user equipment to a 3GPP data access network, this method comprising a sending step, during the attach procedure of the user equipment to the 3GPP data access network, of a message from the user equipment to the 3GPP data access network, this message including an access point name, this access point name comprising an explicit quality-of-service request being requested by the user equipment for the data connection, this explicit quality-of-service request being formatted in a predefined syntax.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for half-duplex (HD) frequency division duplex (FDD) (HD-FDD) operation are disclosed. The method in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes monitoring a first frequency for all downlink sub-frames for downlink communication except during a cell specific uplink frame, retuning to a second frequency and transmitting a scheduling request (SR) during a WTRU specific period of the cell specific uplink frame, wherein the WTRU specific period is based on a duty cycle, and retuning to the first frequency and receiving an uplink grant in a subsequent sub-frame.

Abstract: Provided is a method for communicating carried out by a terminal in a wireless communication system supporting a multiple access network. The method comprises receiving a traffic routing configuration from a first access network, wherein the traffic routing configuration involves specifying traffic routing criteria, searching a second access network, determining whether a second access network entity discovered by the search satisfies the traffic routing criteria, and processing traffic on the first access network through the second access network entity when the traffic routing criteria are satisfied.

Abstract: A method controls a wireless network, which includes a controller and a plurality of network elements. The method includes determining interference in the wireless network using radio-link measurements, generating an interference matrix identifying the interference in the wireless network, and generating an adjacency matrix based on the interference matrix identifying locations having unacceptable levels of interference in the wireless network. The method also includes allocating channels and corresponding transmission powers in the wireless network to reduce the unacceptable levels of interference. The method is performed at predetermined fixed time intervals and when a new network element is added to the wireless network.

Abstract: A method of reporting a channel state, which is reported by a terminal configured to transmit and receive data while hopping in a unit of the specific number of resource blocks (RBs) in a wireless communication system, includes receiving a random access response including an aperiodic channel state report request in response to a transmitted random access preamble, calculating channel state information according to the aperiodic channel state report request in consideration of the number of repetitive transmissions for the terminal, and reporting the calculated channel state information to a base station. In this case, the number of repetitive transmissions for the terminal may be determined by a predetermined or signaled value.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for reducing interference in a wireless communication system supporting D2D communication and an apparatus for the method. More specifically, in a wireless communication system supporting Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, a method for reducing interference in D2D communication comprises receiving, by a user equipment (UE), a D2D signal; determining, by the UE, whether interference is generated from resources in which the D2D signal has been transmitted; and in case it is determined that interference is generated from the resources in which the D2D signal has been transmitted, transmitting, by the UE, interference resource information for indicating that interference has been generated from the resources in which the D2D signal has been transmitted.

Abstract: A method for device-to-device (D2D) communications by a user device includes transmitting a first message including a proximity services (ProSe) buffer status report (BSR) to a communications controller, receiving a second message including information regarding a D2D resource grant scheduled for the user device by the communications controller, and canceling all pending ProSe BSRs in accordance with the D2D resource grant.

Abstract: Architecture that allows a user to control the way a connection is made to a destination. A destination can be tagged with an attribute that defines how the connection to that destination should be routed. For example, a phone address book allows the user not only to enter the usual call recipient information such as name and telephone number, but also to add an attribute in the form of a network identifier associated with a network that should be used when connecting to the destination. Where multiple networks are associated with the destination, the phone subsystem, recognizing that the destination now has multiple network IDs for connecting the call, can prompt the user to select the desired network pathway. The user can also tag the destination with a protocol that should be employed. Thus, not only will the phone be connected according to the network, but according to the protocol.

Abstract: A method of handling buffer status report for a mobile device capable of UL MIMO and/or capable of receiving and/or transmitting on a plurality of component carriers in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method comprises generating at least a buffer size table each including a plurality of indexes according to the maximum uplink data transmission rate, wherein some of the plurality of indexes each is used for indicating a data amount in an uplink buffer of the mobile device for the buffer status report.

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and may include determining one or more uplink inter cell interference coordination (ICIC) parameters for a plurality of cells based, at least in part, on feedback information associated with the plurality of cells; exchanging interference information between neighboring cells; and scheduling uplink transmissions for user equipment served by the neighboring cells based, at least in part, on the uplink ICIC parameters and the interference information exchanged between neighboring cells. A method is provided in another example embodiment and may include determining a ratio relating a first portion of a frequency spectrum for assigning fractional frequency re-use resources to a second portion of the frequency spectrum for assigning re-use one resources; and updating the ratio relating the first portion and the second portion of the frequency spectrum to optimize throughput rates for the plurality of user equipment across the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for TDM uplink transmission on multiple serving cells with single transmitter. In one novel aspect, the UE selects a serving cell for an UL transmission subframe based on a TDM selection rule. In one embodiment, the switching rule involves identifying one or more serving cells with a highest UL transmission priority and a serving-cell priority rule. In another novel aspect, the UE drops a selected part of the UL transmission within the overlap region based on one or more switching rules, which include dropping a last OFDM symbol, dropping a portion of a last OFDM symbol of the SRS with combing structure, dropping a partial CP of a first OFDM symbol of the second serving cell, and dropping a partial tail of a last OFDM symbol of the first serving cell and partial CP of a first OFDM symbol of the second serving cell.

Abstract: A plurality of receivers each having: an RF amplifier having an RFAMP input coupled to an antenna and having an RFAMP output; a capacitor having a CAP first side connected to the RFAMP output and a CAP second side; a passive mixer coupled to the RFAMP input, the CAP second side, and the output of a local oscillator phase shifter; an operational transconductor amplifier having an OTA input connected to the CAP second side and having an OTA output; a feedback resistor connected between the OTA input and the OTA output; a baseband transconductor having a BBGM input connected to the OTA input and a BBGM output; a cancelling transconductor having a CANCELLER output connected to the BBGM output and having a CANCELLER input; and an attenuator between the OTA output and the CANCELLER input, wherein the OTA output of each of the plurality of receivers are connected together.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for setting a detour path in a wideband high frequency wireless system using a centralized Media Access Control (MAC) protocol. Here, in a wireless system using the centralized MAC protocol where a time synchronization and a band allocation may be performed by a single central control unit, when a signal blockage occurs while a data communication is being performed via a direct path between a source device and a destination device, the detour path may be quickly provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for communication between terminals in a wireless communication system. According to the present invention, a resource configuration method, a channel configuration method, a transmission power control method, etc. for communication between terminals can be provided.

Abstract: Machines, systems and methods for managing quality of service (QoS) in a multi-tenant virtualized computing environment, the method comprising: collecting transmission rate statistics associated with data communicated in a virtual network, wherein at least one virtual switch monitors communications initiated by at least a virtual machine (VM) executed on a host machine serviced by the virtual switch; determining, by way of the virtual switch, profile parameters associated with a first communication initiated by the VM belonging to at least a first group, wherein a connection request is submitted by the virtual switch to a traffic controller to assist in establishing the first communication; classifying the connection request for establishing the first communication according to the profile parameters associated with the first communication; determining a first aggregated transmission rate associated with the VM that initiated the first communication based on the classifying.

Abstract: A wireless communication method, a base station and a wireless communication device. The wireless communication method includes: in case that communication devices which are to perform communication are estimated to satisfy a condition for device-to-device direct communication, transmitting a control signaling from a base station to the communication devices, the control signaling allocating a carrier for the device-to-device direct communication; and performing the device-to-device direct communication between the communication devices using the allocated carrier, wherein the base station allocates the carrier for the device-to-device direct communication from conventional carrier, stand-alone new-type carrier and non-stand-alone new-type carrier, wherein the new-type carrier has a reduced number of control channels as compared with the conventional carrier.