Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a precoding method, an information sending method, and apparatuses thereof. The precoding method comprises: acquiring first information associated with a receiving matrix of at least one user equipment associated with a base station; and determining a first transmitting precoding matrix of the base station according to at least the receiving matrix of the at least one user equipment. According to the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of the present application, a transmitting precoding matrix of a base station is designed according to a receiving matrix of a user equipment, which can reduce inter-cell interference.

Abstract: A securing interface apparatus to be inserted between a GNSS antenna and a first, unsecured, GNSS receiver fed by the antenna, for providing immunity against spoofing or jamming or interrupting of the timing provided by the first unsecured GNSS receiver.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for uplink power control in a communication system with a low power cell neighboring a macro cell. The low power cell includes a low power node serving a user equipment (UE). The macro cell includes a base station serving one or more other UE(s). The low power node is configured to determine a power offset between the macro cell and the low power cell. The received power spectral density target for the UE calculation is based on the minimum of a first signal strength target for the UE and estimated noise and interference power(s), or a second signal strength target for the UE and the calculated power offset. The uplink power control for the UE is adjusted based on the calculated received power spectral density target. The first signal strength target may be based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio target for the UE and the second signal strength target may be based on a signal strength derived from a signal-to-noise ratio target for the UE.

Abstract: A method for recovering data from a downhole tool in a wellbore includes measuring an electromagnetic signal using first and second sensors. At least a portion of the electromagnetic signal is transmitted by a downhole tool positioned in a first wellbore. The first and second sensors are each positioned at a different location along a length of a second wellbore. The electromagnetic signal measured by the first and second sensors is decoded to recover a property measured by the downhole tool.

Abstract: A method, including receiving at a first communication device from a first network information for assisting device-to-device transmissions between a group of communication devices including said first communication device; thereafter detecting at said first communication device loss of possibility to continue receiving assistance for said device-to-device transmissions from said first network; and deciding at said first communication device whether to continue with said device-to-device transmissions with assistance from a second network or without assistance from a second network.

Abstract: The channel estimation method for millimeter-wave communication includes virtual multipath acquisition and sparse reconstruction. In the virtual multipath acquisition stage, instead of searching the real multipath components (MPCs), the virtual representation of the real MPCs is derived, and the hierarchical search is utilized to acquire the virtual MPCs based on a normal limited-resolution codebook. In the sparse reconstruction stage, the real MPCs are reconstructed from the virtual MPCs acquired in the virtual multipath acquisition stage. An enhanced sub-array scheme is used to design a hierarchical codebook under a strict constant-modulus constraint. The designed codebook can be used for both analog and hybrid beamforming/combining devices. The training overhead of channel estimation and the complexity of the search are significantly reduced, and the size of the dictionary matrix is greatly reduced by exploiting the results of the virtual multipath acquisition.

Abstract: Offsetting unwanted downlink interference signals in an uplink path in a distributed antenna system (DAS) is disclosed. In this regard, in one example, an interference signal offset circuit is provided in an RAU to offset interference products leaked from a downlink path to an uplink path. An offset signal generation circuit is configured to generate at least one uplink interference offset signal based on the interference products leaked from the downlink path. A signal summing circuit is configured to combine the at least one uplink interference offset signal with an uplink signal received on the uplink path, thus offsetting the interference products in the uplink signal. By providing the interference signal offset circuit in the RAU to offset the interference products on the uplink path, it is possible to provide more implementation flexibility for the RAU without degrading the uplink signal.

Abstract: Provided are a device-to-device (D2D) operation method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a terminal using the method. The method comprises: receiving a terminal auxiliary information configuration for configuring the transmission of terminal auxiliary information from a base station; and transmitting the terminal auxiliary information on the basis of the terminal auxiliary information configuration, wherein the terminal auxiliary information includes information needed for allocating a D2D resource to the terminal by the base station.

Abstract: A system is provided for automatic operation and status indication of a marine barrier gate. Embodiments include a system having a buoyant barrier gate that is movable between a closed position and an open position. An actuator moves the gate between the open and closed positions, and a sensor is operably connected to the actuator to generate data relating to a position of the barrier gate between the open and closed positions. A processor receives the data from the sensor and processes the data to move the gate between the open and closed positions, and detect the position of the gate. A human-machine interface is operably connected to the processor for communicating the detected position of the barrier gate to a user.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved application of signal strength weightings in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. The improved signal strength weightings application is conducted through the improved selection of weightings from a new codebook subset or by the selection of weightings from a larger codebook subset. In a further embodiment, an antenna beam index or bit map can be used to select the best beam(s) in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. In another embodiment, a field or factor in an uplink or downlink transmission packet can designate which directional transmission beam is best suited for the transmission or when the directional transmission beam should be activated.

Abstract: An adaptive multi-antenna data transmission method, apparatus, and system are provided. The adaptive multi-antenna data transmission method includes: acquiring, at a current time interval, a beam adjustment parameter of user equipment UE; adjusting a beam width of the UE according to the beam adjustment parameter of the UE; and performing precoding processing on to-be-transmitted data of the UE according to an adjusted beam width of the UE and direction information of the UE, so as to perform data transmission. A beam width of UE is adjusted, so that a direction of a beam during data transmission can better match a direction of the UE. Therefore, a status or quality of a link for the UE is improved and a performance loss is reduced.

Abstract: A method and a device for adaptive channel access are disclosed. In an embodiment includes adaptively adjusting, by a small base station (SBS), access parameters for small cells to ensure quality of service (QoS) to cellular users while minimizing collision probability for WiFi users.

Abstract: A system that incorporates aspects of the subject disclosure may perform operations including, for example, monitoring performance parameters in a communications network, identifying a degradation in performance of one or more nodes of the communications network according the monitored performance parameters, and initiating corrective action to mitigate the degradation in performance of the one or more nodes of the communications network. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a device may receive a first uplink grant for a first cell that uses a first component carrier, and may receive a second uplink grant for a second cell that uses a second component carrier. The device may determine at least one of: a number of subframes for which uplink data is transmitted on both the first cell and the second cell during a time period, or a resource block allocation associated with the first cell and the second cell. The device may drop at least one of the first uplink grant or the second uplink grant based at least in part on at least one of: a determination that the number of subframes satisfies a threshold number of subframes, or a determination that the resource block allocation satisfies a condition.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving data includes a data receiver for receiving the data, wherein the data is transmitted in a first channel by a first transmission. Moreover, the apparatus includes a transmit information transmitter for transmitting transmission information in a second channel by a second transmission. The transmission information is control information depending on the first transmission, or the transmission information is channel quality information indicating a channel quality of the first channel. The second channel is different from the first channel. Moreover, an apparatus for transmitting data and a system are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a distributed system that includes a central controller coupled to a plurality of separate radio heads. Each of the radio heads is coupled to the central controller via respective wired backends (e.g., cables). The radio heads includes one or more transceivers (e.g., radios) and antennas for wireless communicating with client devices. In the embodiments herein, the central controller can perform a variant of CCA to determine if a first one of the radio head can transmit wireless signals to, or receive wireless signals from, a first client device while a second radio head is communicating with a second client device using a combination of RTS/CTS, channel sensing, and interference cancellation techniques.

Abstract: A communication method and an apparatus using beamforming in a wireless communication system are provided. The communication method includes determining a candidate user set including one or more Mobile Stations (MSs), for Multiple User-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) transmission, transmitting beam information indicating best Base Station (BS) transmission beams of the MSs of the candidate user set to the MSs of the candidate user set, receiving Precoding Matrix Index (PMI) information indicating a PMI to be used for baseband precoding from each of the MSs of the candidate user set, the PMI information being determined based on the beam information, and transmitting a signal precoded based on the PMI information to at least one MS.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for enabling interference coordination in a communication network. A base station includes a plurality of antenna ports. Each antenna port is configured to transmit a reference signal, and each antenna port is associated with a respective cell. The base station determines a set of cells where transmissions of reference signals is to be performed from a reduced set of the plurality of antenna ports. The base station determines a subset of antenna ports in at least one cell of the determined set of cells to enable interference coordination in the network, and transmits the reference signal from the subset of antenna ports.

Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may perform, for example, a method that determines at least one threshold for detecting signal interference in a first plurality of segments occurring in a first radio frequency spectrum of a first wireless communication system, detecting a pattern of recurrence over time of signal interference in a segment of the first plurality of resource blocks according to the at least one threshold, and performing one or more mitigation steps to mitigate the signal interference without filtering the signal interference where the one or more mitigation steps include at least one of transmitting signals out of phase from the signal interference, adjusting transmit power, increasing power in a resource block of a long term evolution communication session, performing beam steering, or changing time parameters for the resource block without changing to a new resource block. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for multiple point transmission in a communications system are provided. A method for multiple point transmission operation comprises modifying a configuration of a radio bearer for use in a multiple point transmission to a user equipment according to operating condition information of the user equipment, reconfiguring the radio bearer according to the modified configuration, and initiating a multiple point transmission to the user equipment using the reconfigured radio bearer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to reducing power consumption in a remote unit of a wireless distribution system (WDS) for intermodulation product suppression. Intermodulation products generated by a power amplifier circuit can leak from a downlink signal path into an uplink signal path to degrade sensitivity of the uplink signal path in a remote unit. In this regard, the remote unit is configured to measure a power of the leaked intermodulation products and enables a selected number of power amplifiers in the power amplifier circuit for reducing the measured power of the leaked intermodulation products to a predetermined threshold. By enabling only the selected number of power amplifiers based on the measured power of the leaked intermodulation products, it is possible to avoid enabling an excessive number of power amplifiers in the power amplifier circuit, thus helping to reduce power consumption for intermodulation product suppression.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first transceiver, at least two antennas coupled to the first transceiver to exchange one or more keys and phase data with a second transceiver via a plurality of rounds of phase data exchange, each round including: a first pilot signal sent from a first of the antennas of the first transceiver to the second transceiver, a second pilot signal received from the second transceiver, the second pilot signal modulated using a measured first phase of the first pilot signal, a third pilot signal received from the second transceiver; a fourth pilot signal sent from a second of the antennas of the first transceiver to the second transceiver, the fourth pilot signal modulated using a measured second phase of the third pilot signal, and wherein between the plurality of rounds of phase exchange, the first transceiver perturbs a radio frequency (RF) environment surrounding the at least two antennas.

Abstract: A multi-antenna wireless device is equipped with a plurality of selectively operable radio chains. In an active mode or during a listening period of an energy-saving mode, the wireless device measures a quality characteristic of a signal, which it receives from a network node. During a non-listening period of the energy-saving mode, the wireless deactivates all of the radio chains. After the non-listening period, the wireless device activates a selected subset of the radio chains to receive a signal from the network node in a first listening period. The selected subset is determined on the basis of the measured quality characteristic.

Abstract: A transceiver arrangement comprises a receiver arranged for frequency-division duplex communication; a transmitter arranged for frequency-division duplex communication; a transmission port for connecting to an antenna; a balancing impedance circuit arranged to provide an impedance arranged to mimic the impedance at the transmission port; and a filtering arrangement, which comprises filters of a first type and filters of a second type, connecting the receiver, transmitter, transmission port and balancing impedance circuit. The filters of the first type are arranged to pass signals at transmitter frequency and attenuate signals at receiver frequency and are connected between the transmitter and the transmission port and between the receiver and the balancing impedance circuit.

Abstract: An antenna configured in a hybrid circuit provides a compact design for a hearing aid to communicate wirelessly with a system external to the hearing aid. In an embodiment, an antenna includes metallic traces in a hybrid circuit that is configured for use in a hearing aid. The antenna includes contacts in the hybrid circuit to couple the metallic traces to electronic devices in the hybrid circuit. In an embodiment, the metallic traces form a planar coil design having a number of turns of the coil in a substrate in the hybrid circuit. In another embodiment, the metallic traces are included in a flex circuit on a substrate in the hybrid circuit. An antenna configured in a hybrid circuit allows for use in a completely-in-the-canal hearing aid.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for switching data-paths in heterogeneous wireless communication network. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving signal to noise ratio (SNR) samples for a downlink signal and for an uplink signal, and for each of antennas of a primary wireless communication network with respect to an access device. The method further includes dynamically processing the SNR samples to detect one of a cell edge event and a network re-entry event with respect to each of the downlink signal and the uplink signal. Upon detection of the cell edge event for the downlink signal or for the uplink signal, the method includes disabling a data-path between the primary wireless communication network and the access device. Further, upon detection of the network re-entry event for the downlink signal and for the uplink signal, the method includes enabling the data-path between the primary wireless communication network and the access device.

Abstract: A first identifier of a mobile session is generated for a mobile device accessing a network operating in an unlicensed radio band, wherein at least one part of the first mobile session identifier comprises a decimal format consistent with an identifier recognizable by a network operating in a licensed radio band. The first mobile session identifier is compared to one or more previously generated mobile session identifiers currently allocated in the unlicensed radio band network to prevent collision there between.

Abstract: Concepts, systems and methods are provided herein for generating encoded binomial pulse position modulation (BPPM) signals having random, sparse sets of multiple pulses per channel usage interval for use in Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications. A data symbol can be modulated into a set of BPPM pulses for transmission over a FSO channel and a signal can be generated having the set of BPPM pulses over a predetermined time interval. The BPPM pulses can be encoded into one or more codewords based on a number of error correction bits to form a coded signal using the one or more codewords to represent the signal having the set of pulses for transmission over the free-space optical channel. The coded signal can be filtered and sampled to generate a set of samples. Position and amplitude data for the samples can be determined to reconstruct and decode the coded signal.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for transmitting service related messages, e.g., via a reverse push connection. In some embodiments, a UE may be configured to receive a random value from a server, the random value based at least in part on a capacity of the server and/or network. The UE may be configured to compare the random value to a generated value, and determine, based at least in part on the comparison, to transmit a service related message over a reverse push connection rather than via a hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) request. In some embodiments, the service related message may be any message that relates to a service available between devices, such as an identity (ID) query request, a service (de-) registration request, and/or a device listing request, among other types of messages.

Abstract: A processing device tracks a frequency hopping sequence implemented by a personal area network (PAN) transmitter in a user device and identifies a set of filter coefficients corresponding to a first frequency of a plurality of frequencies in the frequency hopping sequence, wherein the PAN transmitter is currently transmitting a PAN signal at the first frequency. The processing device configures a tunable notch filter with the set of filter coefficients to cause the filter to remove at least a portion of a PAN component at the current frequency from a combined signal received at a wireless local area network (WLAN) receiver in the user device, the combined signal comprising a WLAN component attributable to a received WLAN signal and the PAN component attributable to the PAN signal.

Abstract: A linearization circuit that reduces intermodulation distortion in an amplifier output receives a first signal that includes a first frequency and a second frequency and generates a difference signal having a frequency approximately equal to the difference of the first frequency and the second frequency. The linearization circuit generates an envelope signal based at least in part on a power level of the first signal and adjusts a magnitude of the difference signal based on the envelope signal. When the amplifier receives the first signal at an input terminal and the adjusted signal at a second terminal, intermodulation between the adjusted signal and the first signal cancels at least a portion of the intermodulation products that result from the intermodulation of the first frequency and the second frequency.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for quantizing an interference profile for a wireless telecommunication system along a path that a moving device takes, comprising: by the moving device, obtaining, during a measurement windows, measurements related to interference, processing the measurements performed during the measurement window to obtain for consecutive time periods of the measurement window at least a quantized interference related value and a weight representative of the number of measurements made within the time period index which have the same quantitized interference-related value, and transferring feedback information, by the server, receiving the feedback information, determining the location of the moving device along the path which corresponds to the measurement window, and converting the feedback information in a format of a database composed of a matrix comprising locations and interference quantization values, updating the database with the converted feedback information.

Abstract: A method of processing state information in a radio access network (100). The radio access network (100) includes a first radio access node (103, 104) that is associated with a cell (105, 106) and user equipment (102). The method comprises maintaining state information at the user equipment (102), the state information comprising at least one state information part associable with different values. The method further comprises transmitting a current value associated with at least one state information part from the user equipment (102) to the first radio access node (103, 104) in response to detecting at least one predetermined trigger indicating that the first radio access node (103, 104) may not hold the current value. The method further comprises relying on the first radio access node (103, 104) holding the current value associated with the at least one state information part if no predetermined trigger is detected.

Abstract: A method of handling multiuser channel quality indicators (MU-CQIs) for a communication device comprises transmitting a highest MU-CQI periodically to a network; and transmitting at least one MU-CQI aperiodically to the network according to a request transmitted by the network.

Abstract: A base station, according to received qualities at user devices, allocates a downlink transmission power to each user device. The base station transmits a mixed data signal in which data signals mutually not orthogonal and each addressed to a corresponding user device are mixed. Control signals are transmitted to user devices to enable each user device to decode a data signal addressed to the user device using a control signal corresponding to the user device. Each control signal is scrambled by the identifier of the corresponding user device. A control signal for a first user device to which a first data signal is addressed includes information indicating the identifier of a second user device to which a second data signal mixed with the first data signal is addressed. The first user device is thus enabled to descramble a control signal for the second user device.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to performing antenna selection to reduce interference in a wireless device. According to some embodiments, it may be determined whether simultaneous communication according to first and second wireless communication technologies causes performance degradation to a third wireless communication technology. If the simultaneous communication according to first and second wireless communication technologies does cause performance degradation to the third wireless communication technology, selection of antenna(s) used for the communications may be based at least in part on the determination that the simultaneous communication according to the first and second wireless communication technologies causes performance degradation to the third wireless communication technology.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus that reflect the quantity of wireless resources allocatable to a user terminal in a scheduling target cell to calculate the quantity of available wireless resources for quality of service (QoS) requirements for each kind of varied traffic of user terminals and a metric having a flexible weight for the QoS requirements and support efficient wireless resource scheduling among the user terminals.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods utilize coexistence-based frequency hopping. Methods are performed at a user equipment including an antenna arrangement comprising a first plurality of antennas configured for use with a first connection and a second plurality of antennas configured for use with a second connection. The methods include determining, for each of a plurality of combinations of one of the first antennas and one of the second antennas, an individual expected interference limiting a number of usable channels for the first connection. The methods include determining a combined expected interference based at least in part on at least one of the individual expected interferences. The methods also include selecting, based at least in part on the combined expected interference, an operational antenna of the first plurality of antennas for communication associated with the first connection.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method performed by a BS for facilitating IC at a UE and an associated BS. The method includes predefining one or more sets of transmission parameters, where one or more of the transmission parameters in the one or more sets are constrained to take values from respective reduced sets of values out of the values available for the respective one or more transmission parameters, each set of the one or more sets of transmission parameters being identifiable by a unique indication. The method further includes configuring a transmission of the BS, which is to interfere downlink transmissions to the UE from a serving BS of the UE, by using one of the predefined one or more sets of transmission parameters. The present disclosure also relates to a method in a UE for IC and an associated UE.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for transmission of a beam switch command to a user equipment (UE) via control channel signaling. The UE may establish a connection with a base station using a first transmission beam, receive configuration information configuring the UE to select between a first decoding hypothesis corresponding to downlink control information (DCI) including a bit field including a beam switch command and a second decoding hypothesis corresponding to the DCI not including the bit field, receive a downlink control channel transmission via the first transmission beam, decode the downlink control channel transmission in accordance with the configuration information to obtain decoded DCI, and communicate with the base station based at least in part on the decoded DCI.

Abstract: Method used in a first control node controlling one or more first links among two or more first radio nodes in a first network, and an associated first control node. Transmitting desired sounding and sensing related parameters of the first control node to a second control node controlling one or more second links among two or more second radio nodes in a second network neighboring the first network and operating at the same frequency as the first network. Receiving, from the second control node, sounding and sensing related parameters to be applied to the one or more second links, which are adjusted based on the desired sounding and sensing related parameters of the first control node. Adjusting the desired sounding and sensing related parameters of the first control node, based on the sounding and sensing related parameters to be applied to the one or more second links and applying them.

Abstract: A method for receiving, by a first terminal, a signal in a wireless communication system supporting non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a step of receiving a NOMA signal in which signals of NOMA-paired terminals are multiplexed by different power values; and a step of removing, from the NOMA signal, an interference by means of a second terminal paired with the first terminal on a resource in which the NOMA signal has been received, wherein the first terminal is NOMA-paired with multiple terminals including the second terminal on different resources, and the second terminal, from among the multiple terminals, is capable of being specified through a HARQ process schedule to the first terminal on the resource in which the NOMA signal has been received.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein provide ranging capabilities in RF-opaque environments, such as a jungle, utilizing transponders located on a property line. In particular, the embodiments described herein provide for determining a perpendicular distance to a property line from a ranging device. The transponders are located on the property line and a separated from each other by a known distance. The ranging device transmits RF signals to the transponders, which are received by the transponders and re-broadcasted back to the ranging device on a different frequency. The ranging device uses information about the transmitted and received RF signals and the known distance to calculate a perpendicular distance from the ranging device to the property line.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present application disclose a method and device for sending and receiving an optical signal. The method for sending an optical signal comprises: performing serial-to-parallel conversion on a data signal to be transmitted to obtain an I path data sequence, a Q path data sequence and a PPM path data sequence which are in parallel; performing mPQ-encoding on the I path data sequence, the Q path data sequence and the PPM path data sequence to obtain an I path and a Q path of an mPQ-encoded digital signal; shaping the I path and the Q path of the mPQ-encoded digital signal by Nyquist-filtering to obtain an I path and Q path of a filtered digital signal; performing digital-to-analog conversion on the I path and the Q path of the filtered digital signal and mapping the converted I path and Q path onto an optical carrier to obtain a target optical signal and send the same.

Abstract: Embodiments of providing enhanced interference measurements for CSI feedback are generally described herein. In some embodiments, CSI-IM resources are used by UE to perform interference measurements. The serving cell determines a hopping pattern for varying a position of the determined CSI-IM resources in subframes transmitted to the served UE. The determined CSI-IM resources and the determined CSI-IM resources hopping pattern are transmitted to the served UE. The serving node transmits a zero-power (ZP) CSI-RS. The serving node receives an interference measurement from the served UE based on CSI-IM and ZP CSI-RS provided to the served UE from the serving cell. Collisions between the CSI-IM of the serving node and CSI-IM of the non-serving nodes are minimized by the determined CSI-IM resources hopping pattern.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide an interference cancellation apparatus and method, which can avoid being limited by a dynamic range of an ADC/DAC and can cancel a second-type self-interference component effectively. The interference cancellation apparatus includes a main receive antenna, a divider, a first-type interference canceller, a down converter, a filter, a coupler, a digital down-conversion unit, a second-type interference reconstructor, and a local-frequency signal generator. The present invention is used for interference cancellation.

Abstract: A method for MU MIMO channel sounding by a STA includes receiving, from an AP, sounding information including an indication of a first STA of a group of STAs to transmit feedback and training symbols. The method further includes receiving, from the AP, a frame addressed to the group of STAs, wherein the frame includes a PHY preamble including group identification information identifying the group of STAs. The group identification information enables another STA not in the group of STAs, that receives the frame, to set its network allocation vector (NAV) timer based on a duration field in the frame. On a condition the STA is a first STA in the order of the group of STAs, a first sounding response frame may be transmitted to the AP, wherein the first sounding response frame includes quantized sounding feedback determined from the received training symbols.

Abstract: A picocell base station (PeNB) uses a downlink control channel, the frequency band of which overlaps with the frequency band of the downlink control channel used by a macrocell base station (MeNB), to transmit downlink control information for controlling radio communication with a radio terminal (PUE) connected to the picocell base station (PeNB). The picocell base station (PeNB) comprises an X2 interface communication unit (140) which uses inter-base station communication to transmit to the macrocell base station (MeNB) usage control information for controlling the control channel usage that is the usage of a radio resource used as the downlink control channel by the macrocell base station (MeNB).

Abstract: Dynamic frequency planning of shared spectrum is contemplated. The sharing may facilitate use of unlicensed or non-exclusively licensed spectrum within a geographical area service by two or more spectrum access sharing systems (SASs) or otherwise subjected to control of independently operating entities.

Abstract: A radio system (110) comprising a first (120) and a second (130) radio unit which comprise a transmitter (122, 132) and a receiver (121, 131). The first radio unit (120) communicates with a first external radio unit (101) and the second radio unit (140) with a second external radio unit (102). Both transmitters (122, 132) are arranged to vary their output power level in response to a request from the external radio unit with which they are arranged to communicate. Both of the transmitters also vary their output power level in response to a variation in the transmitter output power level of the other radio unit.