Abstract: Examples of golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are generally described herein. In one example, a body portion of a golf club head includes a front portion. A face portion is coupled to the front portion. The face portion includes a central strike portion and a perimeter. A plurality of projections extend from the face portion to provide a ball striking surface for impacting a golf ball. Each projection is defined by a plurality of grooves intersecting one another within the face portion. The plurality of projections are each defined by an area ratio between a base portion area and a peak portion area. The area ratios of the plurality of projections decrease from the central strike portion to the perimeter of the face portion. Other examples may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A treatment that can be applied to the face of a golf club head complies with USGA regulations but imparts certain advantageous characteristics. The treatment can comprise a certain pattern and can be imparted to the club head via laser etching, diamond cutting, chemical etching or any other process that will achieve the desired result. In accordance with USGA rules, the treatment must cover the intended area of impact on the golf club face.

Abstract: A simulation method for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a golf club head uses arithmetic operations executed by a computer to analyze air flow around the head of a golf club when the club is swung, and thereby estimates the aerodynamic forces which act on the club head. Because the aerodynamic properties of a golf club head are evaluated without relying on experimental evaluations using physical prototypes, this method enables the efficient development of golf clubs.

Abstract: Golf club, golf club shaft and golf club head structures are presented. The golf club may include a shaft having a core and an airfoil shaped skin substantially surrounding the core and in contact with the core. The golf club may further include a golf club head having a plurality of apertures formed in a front face of the golf club head and extending through an interior of the golf club head to a rear portion of the golf club head. The apertures may narrow or widen as they extend from the front face to the rear portion.

Abstract: A golf club head (40) with a face component (50), an aft body (70), and an aerodynamic hosel (50) is disclosed herein. The hosel (50) is connected to the club head (40) at a head connection point (55) and to a shaft at a shaft connection point (57), and a YZ plane (85) defined by a y-axis and an x-axis that intersects the center of gravity (80) also intersects the head connection portion (55) of the hosel (50). In one further embodiment, a plane (95) aligned with the hosel (50) is parallel to an XZ plane (90) defined by the horizontal x-axis and the vertical z-axis. In another further alternative embodiment, a plane (95) aligned with the hosel (50) intersects the XZ plane 90.

Abstract: A golf club or implement comprising a grip region, a head, and a shaft connecting the grip region to the head. A fairing is attachable to a trailing edge of the shaft and/or surface treatment such as dimpling is applied to the shaft. The fairing and/or surface treatment can reduce drag associated with the shaft during a swing motion of the club or implement. The fairing can, on attachment, extend along a portion of the shaft from a location proximal the head of the club or implement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a golf ball having at least one layer formed from a rubber composition comprising a base rubber, at least 0.05 parts by weight of a free radical initiator, per 100 parts of the base rubber, and at least 0.1 parts by weight of a benzoquinone, per 100 parts of the base rubber. The rubber composition may be present in any one or more of a core layer, a cover layer, or an intermediate layer.

Abstract: The wood or iron golf club has a reduced shaft width transverse to the direction of motion and a greater shaft depth parallel to the direction of motion, therefore, has a reduced frontal area that creates less aerodynamic drag and a higher resistance to bending opposite the direction of motion, respectively. The low drag rigid shaft allows higher head velocity, higher momentum transfer to the ball, higher ball velocity, and longer more accurate drives then current clubs with elongated cone shaped symmetrical shafts. The wood or iron gulf club shaft-head configuration has the shaft axis intersecting the common axis of the horizontal component of the line of play and the head center of gravity. The club therefore does not create a torque about the shaft axis during the swing motion or ball impact and facilitates greater accuracy and consistency in hitting the optimum point on the ball with the optimum point on the club head.

Abstract: Golf club, golf club shaft and golf club head structures are presented. The golf club may include a shaft having a core and an airfoil shaped skin substantially surrounding the core and in contact with the core. The golf club may further include a golf club head having a plurality of apertures formed in a front face of the golf club head and extending through an interior of the golf club head to a rear portion of the golf club head. The apertures may narrow or widen as they extend from the front face to the rear portion.

Abstract: A golf club sleeve for use with various golf club structures is presented. The golf club sleeve may have an airfoil shaped cross section and may extend over at least a portion of the shaft of the golf club to reduce drag associated with the shaft during a golf swing, thereby increasing swing speed. The golf club sleeve may be rotatable relative to the shaft of the golf club to orient itself during a swing in order to improve air flow over the sleeve.

Abstract: A golf club sleeve for use with various golf club structures is presented. The golf club sleeve may have an airfoil shaped cross section and may extend over at least a portion of the shaft of the golf club to reduce drag associated with the shaft during a golf swing, thereby increasing swing speed. The golf club sleeve may be rotatable relative to the shaft of the golf club to orient itself during a swing in order to improve air flow over the sleeve.

Abstract: A golf club includes a tapered shaft, a club head attached to a first end of the shaft, and a grip attached to a second end of the shaft. The exterior surface of the shaft has a surface roughness of less than 143 micro inches. The exterior surface also includes a plurality of particles having a size in the range of about 20 microns to about 100 microns.

Abstract: A golf club or implement comprising a grip region (14), a head (15), and a shaft (12) connecting the grip region (14) to the head (16). A fairing (20) is attachable to a trailing edge of the shaft (12). The fairing can reduce drag associated with the shaft (12) during a swing motion of the club or implement. The fairing can, on attachment, extend along a portion of the shaft (12) from a location proximal the head (16) of the club or implement.

Abstract: A bat preferably is formed of a single, hollow tube of composite material, wherein tubular “ports” extend through the hollow tube. The ends of the ports are bonded to the walls of the hollow tube. The ports improve the stiffness, strength, aerodynamics and comfort of the bat.

Abstract: A leg sleeve with means for gripping used to aid in lifting a jumping player, especially for lineouts in Rugby Union. The simple, reuseable, easy to use leg sleeve provides a level of effectiveness, comfort, convenience, and safety not provided by conventional methods. Means for gripping include a thickened band or grip attached to a sleeve material. The means for gripping may be formed by attaching a semi-rigid material. The means for gripping may be formed by attaching extra layers in sections or in rolls. The means for gripping may be shaped to match the hand of a lifter. The means for gripping may comprise memory foam. The leg sleeve may further comprise a knee cutout or a hamstring cutout. To use, leg sleeves are applied to the legs of a jumper. When the jumper jumps, one or more lifters grip the leg sleeve. The lifters lift the jumper higher, support the jumper in the jump while the jumper attempts to intercept a ball, and safely lower the jumper.

Abstract: A golf club comprises a handgrip; a club head, and a club body between the first end and the second end. A cross section area of the club body includes a front portion having a first and a second including surfaces that define a front cusp in front of said first and said second inclined surfaces; a rear portion having a third and a fourth inclined surface that define a rear cusp at a rear connecting end of the third and fourth surfaces; and a middle section being curved inwards. In a direction from the handgrip to the club head, the club body has at least one reduced segment having a smaller size than other portion thereof, and a shoulder is formed between each reduced segment and an adjacent other portion of the golf club.

Abstract: A golf club comprises a handgrip; a club head, and a club body between the first end and the second end. A cross section area of the club body includes a front portion having a first and a second including surfaces that define a front cusp in front of said first and said second inclined surfaces; a rear portion having a third and a fourth inclined surface that define a rear cusp at a rear connecting end of the third and fourth surfaces; and a middle section being curved inwards. In a direction from the handgrip to the club head, the club body has at least one reduced segment having a smaller size than other portion thereof, and a shoulder is formed between each reduced segment and an adjacent other portion of the golf club.

Abstract: A golf club includes a club member having a hand grip and a club head disposed on the ends, and having two inclined surfaces formed in the front portion, and a cusp formed between the inclined surfaces. The cusp is preferably a rounded cusp for allowing the air to smoothly flow through the inclined surfaces of the club member. The club member may include one or more air passages for allowing air to flow through the air passage and to reduce eddy currents in the rear portion of the club member. The club member may include one or more depressions for vibration reducing purposes.

Abstract: A slotted hosel and related attachment system and method are provided for securely affixing a golf club head to the end of a golf club shaft. The hosel is formed to extend generally upwardly from a heel end of the club head and has a generally cylindrical shape defining an upwardly open hosel bore. At least one and preferably multiple laterally open slots are formed in the hosel to reduce the weight thereof. A relatively thin-walled liner sleeve is slide-fitted into the hosel bore and thereafter expanded to form dimples therein protruding outwardly into secure mechanical interlocking relation with the hosel. The end of the club shaft is thereafter slide-fitted into the liner sleeve and securely affixed therein by epoxy or the like.

Abstract: A shaft adapted to move through a fluid, wherein the shaft has a surface, diameter, and length, and wherein the shaft comprises at least two ridges extending along at least a portion of the length, such that fluid resistance encountered by the shaft as it is moved through the fluid is reduced.

Abstract: An improved aerodynamic golf club shaft is disclosed. The improved aerodynamic golf club shaft comprises a tube that has an exterior with a non-circular cross section. The golf club shaft may have an elliptical exterior cross section in one preferred embodiment. The golf club shaft has a leading edge that is on the half of the shaft aligned with the face of the golf club and a trailing edge on the half of the shaft aligned with the back of the club. A portion of the leading edge of the shaft has a smaller radius of curvature than the leading edge of a equivalently sized shaft having a circular cross section.

Abstract: The aerodynamic performance of a golf club shaft is improved by texturing the outer surface of the hozzle end portion of the shaft shank to provide an arithmetic mean of profile roughness which is greater than about 0.50 microns. This profile roughness is significantly greater than the arithmetic mean of profile roughness of a conventional smooth surface of a golf club shaft, which is typically between about 0.47 microns and about 0.50 microns. A roughness average on the hozzle end portion of the shank of a golf club shaft of between about 4.3 microns and about 5.0 microns is preferable. The hozzle end portion having such an enhanced roughness average should extend at least about five centimeters and no greater than about fifty centimeters from the tip of the golf club shaft that is inserted into the club head hozzle. A golf club shaft having these features will create less wake turbulence and less wake vacuum in moving through the air during a golf swing than a conventional golf club shaft.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to reduce a fluid resistance generated on a cylindrical body. A fluid resistivity reducing structure for reducing the fluid resistance generated on the cylindrical body B which relatively moves in a fluid comprises: a groove M provided on a surface S of the cylindrical body B, wherein: the groove M is constituted so as to extend roughly in a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body; and so as to introduce the fluid moving along the surface of the body into the groove.

Abstract: A golf club shaft connects a grip of a golf club to a head of the golf club and has a longitudinal axis that extends from the grip of the golf club to the head of the golf club. At least a portion of the shaft has an aerodynamic cross-sectional shape defining an aerodynamic portion of the shaft. The aerodynamic portion of the shaft is oriented along at least a portion of the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The aerodynamic portion of the shaft is oriented relative to the grip and the head such that, compared to a gulf club shaft having a circular cross-sectional shape, the aerodynamic portion of the shaft is able to improve the stability of the shaft as the golf club is swung through the air in a particular with the head oriented to squarely strike a golf ball. The aerodynamic portion of the shaft may be integrally formed as part of the golf club shaft. Alternatively, the aerodynamic portion of the shaft may be by as a separate aerodynamic fin that may be attached to a conventional golf club shaft.

Abstract: A shaft having an outer surface with an aerodynamic cross-sectional configuration. In one series of embodiments, the shaft (20) includes a central core (22) and a fairing (24) surrounding the core. In another embodiment, the shaft does not include a central core. Instead, the shaft (500) includes a central portion (502) that provides structural rigidity and has an outer surface with an aerodynamic cross-sectional configuration. Separate end members (540, 550) are attached to the central portion. The invention includes golf clubs (600, 700) incorporating the aerodynamic shafts and a golf club (800) having a special aerodynamic shaft.

Abstract: A golf club capable of being swung faster than a conventional golf club having a club shaft, of which cross-section is circular, is newly invented. The golf club according to the invention has a club shaft, at least a part of which has an arcuate cross-section such as a semicircle on a face side of a club head and has a square cross-section such as a dovetail groove-shape on a back side of the head.

Abstract: An improved aerodynamic golf club shaft is disclosed. The improved aerodynamic golf club shaft comprises a tube that has an exterior with a non-circular cross section. The golf club shaft may have an elliptical exterior cross section in one preferred embodiment. The golf club shaft has a leading edge that is on the half of the shaft aligned with the face of the golf club and a trailing edge on the half of the shaft aligned with the back of the club. A portion of the leading edge of the shaft has a smaller radius of curvature than the leading edge of a equivalently sized shaft having a circular cross section.

Abstract: A golf club shaft having a spar, a tube, and a skin is formed which reduces shaft aerodynamic drag. The skin transforms in cross-sectional shape from a circular one at the grip, to a streamlined shape at the shaft tip. The spar introduces stiffness in the plane generally perpendicular to the direction of swing, thereby offsetting the effect of unequal sectional moments of inertia of the streamlined skin. Manufacturing methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A golf club shaft is disclosed. The golf club shaft includes an elongated tubular member having an outer surface and a longitudinal axis. The elongated tubular member has a plurality of channels formed about the outer surface of the elongated tubular member and extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. The plurality of channels are shaped and dimensioned to create air flow about the elongated tubular member, reducing air resistance as the golf club shaft is swung by an individual.

Abstract: Golf clubs, golf shafts, and inserts for golf club shafts have a coil or coil-type insert for enhancing swing weight control, stiffness and flex control, shock absorption and vibration elimination or reduction. The insert has a central section and a pair of couplers integrally formed on opposite ends of the central section to attach to the shaft or club head.

Abstract: A golf club, comprising a head having a striking face, a front toe, a rear heel, and opposing top and bottom edges. The club also includes a shaft joined to the heel of the head, and so as to define a juncture portion therebetween. Also at least one opening is formed through the juncture portion so as to define a pair of spaced branches on opposing sides of the opening.

Abstract: An improved golf club includes a shaft having a noncircular cross section along at least a portion thereof and a club head. The shaft provides increased rigidity in a direction transverse to intended ball impact and a desirable flex characteristic in the direction of intended ball impact. The non-circular cross section of the shaft has a first a dimension in the direction of ball impact and a second dimension transverse to the direction of ball impact. Greater flexibility of the shaft in the direction of ball impact than in the direction transverse to the direction of ball impact is assured by making the first dimension of the shaft cross section smaller than the second dimension. To provide greater flexibility of the shaft in the vicinity of the club head, the shaft may be tapered.

Abstract: A golf club having a shaft with an aerodynamic hosel with defined shape. The clubhead also may have a trip step, a taper toe and runners.

Abstract: A golf club adapted to reduce club head rotation during the downswing and when contacting a golf ball, includes a club head, a hand grip portion, and two shafts interconnecting the club head and the hand grip portion. The two shafts converge at the hand grip portion and are spaced from one another at the club head. The second shaft counteracts the tendency of the club head to rotate during the swing and upon contact with the ball. The hand grip portion can employ a grip having at least one flat portion, providing greater directional control over the golf club during the downswing.

Abstract: A hollow golf club shaft has the first section and the second section. The first section has an inner layer which is made of viscoelastic-foam material and an outer layer which is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite. The inner layer is enclosed by the outer layer. The first section has a non-circular cross-section such as a generally elliptic cross-section, a generally half elliptic cross-section, a generally pyriform cross-section, and a generally semicircular cross-section.

Abstract: Golf clubs, golf shafts, and inserts for golf club shafts have a coil or coil-type insert for enhancing swing weight control, stiffness and flex control, shock absorption and vibration elimination or reduction. The insert has a central section and a pair of couplers integrally formed on opposite ends of the central section to attach to the shaft or club head.