Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously carbonizing materials while co-producing gases in a coking chamber closed to the atmosphere, having a charger at one end comprising a pushing ram surrounding a mandrel that surrounds an air or oxygen injection lance. The other end of the coking chamber collects and separates coke from gases, with coke directed to a closed quenching chamber and gases directed to a cleanup. Thermal energy for converting coal into coke derives from combusting some metallurgical coal by said lance.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for converting biomass into a higher carbon content, high energy density slurry. Water and biomass are mixed at a temperature and under a pressure that are much lower than in prior processes, but under a non-oxidative gas, which enables a stable slurry to be obtained containing up to 60% solids by weight, 20-40% carbon by weight, in the slurry. The temperature is nominally about 200° C. under non-oxidative gas pressure of about 150 psi, conditions that are substantially less stringent than those required by the prior art. In another embodiment, the biomass water slurry can be mixed with a coal water slurry to further optimize the carbon content and pumpability of the biomass slurry.

Abstract: Continuous processes are provided for converting a carbonaceous feedstock comprising biomass containing alkali metal, non-biomass components, and at least one gasification catalyst including an alkali metal recovered from solid char, into a plurality of gaseous products including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A gasification system including a first feed line, a second feed line, a stabilization fuel line, and a fuel feed system controller including a processor. The processor is programmed to enable the stabilization fuel line to inject a stabilization fuel into a gasifier to initiate a stabilizer flame inside the gasifier, enable the first feed line to inject a dry fuel into the gasifier at a start-up dry fuel flow rate, increase the flow rate of the dry fuel from the start-up dry fuel flow rate to a normal operating condition (NOC) dry fuel flow rate, decrease a flow rate of the stabilization fuel as the flow rate of the dry fuel increases to the NOC dry fuel flow rate, and prevent the stabilization fuel line from injecting the stabilization fuel into the gasifier once the flow rate of the dry fuel is at the NOC dry fuel flow rate.

Abstract: In a retrofit system for hot solids combustion and gasification, a chemical looping system includes an endothermic reducer reactor 12 having at least one materials inlet 22 for introducing carbonaceous fuel and CaCO3 therein and a CaS/gas outlet 26. A first CaS inlet 40 and a first CaSO4 inlet 64 are also defined by the reducer reactor 12. An oxidizer reactor 14 is provided and includes an air inlet 68, a CaSO4/gas outlet 46, a second CaS inlet 44, and a second CaSO4 inlet 66. A first separator 30 is in fluid communication with the CaS/gas outlet 26 and includes a product gas and a CaS/gas outlet 32 and 34 from which CaS is introduced into said first and second CaS inlets. A second separator 50 is in fluid communication with the CaSO4/gas outlet 46 and has an outlet 52 for discharging gas therefrom, and a CaSO4 outlet from which CaSO4 is introduced into the first and second CaSO4 inlets 62, 66.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes removing carbon dioxide from untreated syngas received from a gasifier to produce a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, modifying the gas stream by adding carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or any combination thereof, and providing the gas stream from an acid gas remover to a feed system for use as a conveyance gas to convey a feedstock into the gasifier. Systems implementing these and other methods are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting a carbonaceous material to a desired product comprising one or more hydrocarbons or one or more alcohols, the process comprising: (A) gasifying the carbonaceous material at a temperature in excess of about 700° C. to form synthesis gas; and (B) flowing the synthesis gas in a microchannel reactor in contact with a catalyst to convert the synthesis gas to the desired product.

Abstract: A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolyzed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.

Abstract: A system for gasifying solid matter uses multiple stages to produce low-tar combustible gas includes a first reactor having a fluidized bed to produce hydrogen containing gas, pyrolysis vapors, tars, and char particles at temperature less than the exit of the second reactor and a higher temperature partial oxidation combustor zones. A second reactor includes a higher temperature partial oxidation zone to activate hydrogen and cause cracking of aromatic ring compounds, a co-flow moving granular bed with a char gasification stage to catalyze tar reduction, and control char residence time, and a media screen comprising a parallel wire screen substantially vertically oriented supporting granular media.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing the efficiency and/or power produced by an integrated gasification combined cycle system by increasing the integration between the air separation unit island, the heat recovery steam generator and the remainder of the system. By integrating heat produced by the heat recovery steam generator in the remainder of the integrated gasification combined cycle system, heat may be utilized that may have otherwise been lost or used further downstream in the system. The integration helps to increase the efficiency of the combustion reaction and/or the gasification reaction used to produce the syngas utilized in the integrated gasification combined cycle system.

Abstract: A process for providing fast pyrolysis or gasification of feed material, such as biomass, by mixing it with inert inorganic hot solids in a fluidized mixer/reactor and utilizing released gas from the resulting reaction to transport the mixture from the mixer/reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising (a) oxidizing a carbonaceous feedstock to obtain syngas containing hydrogen sulphide, (b) mixing the synthesis gas with methanol, reducing the temperature of said mixture and separating a liquid methanol-water mixture from a cooled syngas, (c) contacting the cooled syngas with methanol to decrease the content of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide thereby obtaining a rich methanol stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, (d) regenerating the rich methanol stream by separating from the rich methanol a carbon dioxide fraction and a hydrogen sulphide fraction to obtain lean methanol, wherein part of the methanol in the methanol-water mixture obtained in step (b) is isolated and reused in step (b) and/or (c) and wherein another part of the methanol in the methanol-water mixture obtained in step (b) is recycled to step (a).

Abstract: A method for controlling the output composition from a gasification device for use in the gasification of biomass using a gasifier in which the biomass and gas both flow in a downward direction. The method combines the use of steam and oxygen as a mixed oxidation stream to control the processes occurring within the gasifier. The oxidants are introduced into the gasifier using a number of injection rings. Each injection ring is comprised of a number of injection nozzles each radially distributed at the same vertical height and possibly connected to the same supply source. Particularly satisfactory results can be achieved through the use of three injection rings, one at the top of the gasifier, one at the interface of the oxidation and reduction zone and one a small distance below the grate assembly. The produced syngas also contains extremely low concentrations of tar and low molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from a biomass for entrained-flow pressure gasification that includes: heating of the biomass under exclusion of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, a temperature of between 400 to 600° C. being established for one to 50 seconds, such that the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas; and drawing off the pyrolysis gas; condensing vaporous constituents of the pyrolysis condensate in a plurality of condensation stages so as to: condense, in a first condensation stage, at temperatures above the dew point of water, a low-temperature carbonization tar from the vaporous constituents; and condense and separate at temperatures between 0° C. and the dew point of water, in at least one subsequent condensation stage, an aqueous solution of oxygen containing organic compounds.

Abstract: A system and process are disclosed for the controlled combustion of a wide variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce thermal energy, liquid fuels, and other valuable products with little or no emissions. The hydrocarbon feeds, such as coal and biomass, are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system/process using pure oxygen rather than ambient air. A portion of the intermediate gases generated in the system/process are sent to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process for conversion into diesel fuel and other desired liquid hydrocarbons. The remaining intermediate gases are circulated and recycled through each of the gasification/oxidation chambers in order to maximize energy production. The energy produced through the system/process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology.

Abstract: A system and process for maximizing the generation of marketable products from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstocks are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system and process using oxygen gas rather than ambient air. Intermediate gases generated in the system and process are recirculated and recycled to the gasification and oxidation chambers in order to maximize both energy generation and the resulting stoichiometric reaction products. The energy produced through the system and process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology. In addition to the release of heat energy, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are oxidized to the pure product compounds of water and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is subsequently purified and marketed. The water recovered from the system and process is collected and electrolyzed to generate oxygen and hydrogen gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing coal gas, including: feeding raw material pulverized coal and a high temperature gasification agent (7) into a coal gas producer (a) for reaction to produce coal gas; performing heat exchange between the coal gas coming out of the coal gas producer and a gasification agent to produce the high temperature gasification agent (7); performing heat exchange between the coal gas, after performing heat exchange with the gasification agent, and water to produce vapor (4), wherein the vapor (4) is a component of the gasification agent; and outputting the coal gas after further dust removal and desulfuration which has performed heat exchange with the water.

Abstract: A method for gasification of fuel in an entrained flow of a gasification reactor. The method includes jointly gasifying a mixture of at least two different fuels having different degrees of coalification, including those of differing coal qualities such as brown coals and stone coals. The method also includes pulverizing the coals forming the mixture in specific grain bands and drying the coals forming the mixture to a specific residual water content.

Abstract: The invention relates to the art of coal processing and is useful in power engineering and chemical industry for manufacturing coal adsorbents, metallurgical semicoke, and a generator or process gas. A method is proposed for coal processing, this method comprising firing of coal inside an air-tight chamber, measuring temperature inside the chamber along the height thereof, removing gas at the top of the chamber, and supplying a gasifying agent from the bottom upward. The coal processing is carried out while maintaining optimized values of the temperature difference between the burning coal bed and the gas at the outlet thereof from the chamber.

Abstract: An advanced method for processing a solid feedstock such as coal and a liquid feedstock such as bitumen wherein gases produced from such fossil fuel feedstocks are divided in a way as to polygenerate various by-products which includes the conversion of a waste gas (flue gas) containing nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the combustion of said gases to produce an intermediate made of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N2) in the form of cyanogen which in turn is converted to a fertilizer such as oxamide. This approach obviates the necessity of CO2 capture and storage in a geologic formation. Besides the making of a fertilizer from a waste gas containing N2 and CO2, the other by-products can be power in the form of electricity and/or steam from a lean gas and liquid transportation fuel like methanol/gasoline, or chemicals from a hydrogen rich gas. The method is applicable to utility as well as to industry.

Abstract: A gasifier 10 includes a first chemical process loop 12 having an exothermic oxidizer reactor 14 and an endothermic reducer reactor 16. CaS is oxidized in air in the oxidizer reactor 14 to form hot CaSO4 which is discharged to the reducer reactor 16. Hot CaSO4 and carbonaceous fuel received in the reducer reactor 16 undergo an endothermic reaction utilizing the heat content of the CaSO4, the carbonaceous fuel stripping the oxygen from the CaSO4 to form CaS and a CO rich syngas. The CaS is discharged to the oxidizer reactor 14 and the syngas is discharged to a second chemical process loop 52. The second chemical process loop 52 has a water-gas shift reactor 54 and a calciner 42. The CO of the syngas reacts with gaseous H2O in the shift reactor 54 to produce H2 and CO2. The CO2 is captured by CaO to form hot CaCO3 in an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A method of gasification burner online feeding for a coal-water slurry gasifier, where a coal-water slurry line and an oxidizer line are both protected by shield gas. The method may realize online, pressurized and continuous feeding of the gasification burners which are fixed after they stalled for other reasons than their own, thus greatly reducing the probability of accidental shutdown of gasifiers and improving the reliability of long-term service of the multi-nozzle opposed gasifier.

Abstract: A system for heating and drying a quantity of coal feedstock being channeled to a gasifier includes a first heat exchanger coupled in flow communication with the gasifier for transferring heat from an input stream to an output stream of heat transfer fluid, and a second heat exchanger positioned downstream from the first heat exchanger for receiving the output stream of heat transfer fluid from the first heat exchanger, said second heat exchanger transfers heat from the output stream of heat transfer fluid to a stream of heating gas.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas (9), and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas (9), and recycled contaminants.

Abstract: A coal feed system to feed pulverized low rank coals containing up to 25 wt % moisture to gasifiers operating up to 1000 psig pressure is described. The system includes gas distributor and collector gas permeable pipes imbedded in the lock vessel. Different methods of operation of the feed system are disclosed to minimize feed problems associated with bridging and packing of the pulverized coal. The method of maintaining the feed system and feeder device exit pressures using gas addition or extraction with the pressure control device is also described.

Abstract: A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolyzed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone. The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.

Abstract: A process and system for producing an effluent gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen is presented. The process includes introducing a fuel gas including a hydrocarbon and a reformer gas into a reactor system. The reformer gas may include steam, CO2, or a mixture thereof. Under steam reforming temperatures and pressures, the gases are reacted in the presence of reactant solids. The reaction process produces a carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing effluent, which may be withdrawn from the reactor system.

Abstract: The system contained within this application for patent protection provides the ability to produce clean syngas, natural gas, synthetic fuels, electricity, hydrogen fuels, and oil substitutes using a variety of materials. These materials include, but are not limited to: coal, biomass (including but not limited to municipal solid wastes), and agricultural byproducts. The fuels and electricity generated by this system can immediately be utilized by existing power and transportation grids, and as such, allow for rapid integration into the nation's energy needs. The system also removes and sequesters carbon dioxide, creating a clean, environmentally responsible supply of multiple types of power. The overall process provides an alternative to current oil and power solutions, allowing for domestic production of various energy requirements, creating the possibility for the reduced dependence on foreign imports for energy needs.

Abstract: A coal processing operation (10) includes in a dense media separation stage (12), subjecting a coal feedstock (18) which includes minerals to dense media separation producing a first coal stream (20) and a second coal stream (22). Coal in the first coal stream (20) is lower in ash and has a lower ash fusion temperature than coal in the second coal stream (22). Coal from the first coal stream (20) is processed in a high temperature coal processing operation (44), and coal from the second coal stream (22) is processed in a medium temperature coal processing operation (16).

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, the apparatus including a gasification reactor, to which oxygen-containing primary gas and secondary gasification gas are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor, and the exhaust gas from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor to act as secondary gasification gas.

Abstract: A facility for the continuous supply of a coal gasification plant with finely ground fuel material is disclosed. The fuel is first stored in a storage tank and then fed to a lock hopper system, where it is supplied with gas for the coal gasification reaction. The lock hopper system consists of at least two lock hoppers to achieve that the gas is injected quasi-continuously, and the fuel is then passed to a feed tank in which a constant filling level prevails over a given period of time, so that the fuel is conveyed in a constant, smooth and pressurised flow from this feed tank to the burners. The transfer from at least two lock hoppers to a least one feed tank is carried out by pneumatic dense-flow conveying at solid material densities of at least 100 kg/m3 and a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar so that it is possible to arrange the facility components at the same geodetic height or different geodetic heights so as to achieve a space saving and flexible plant construction.

Abstract: A method and equipment for producing synthesis gas (S) from solid carbon particles (C), the carbon particles (C) being obtained by pyrolysis, gasification of the carbon particles (C) occurs by indirect heating of the carbon particles (C) in the presence of a process gas (P) in the same space where the carbon particles (C) are present, and the synthesis gas (S) generated during the gasification is discharged from the space. The method is characterised in that the carbon particles (C) and the process gas (P) are located in a reactor (1), and the indirect heating occurs by way of radiant heat from burners (Br1-Brn) located in the reactor (1).

Abstract: A system and method for producing syngas from the CO2 in a gaseous stream, such as an exhaust stream, from a power plant or industrial plant, like a cement kiln, is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes providing the gaseous stream to pyrolysis reactor along with a carbon source such as coke. The CO2 and carbon are heated to about 1330° C. and at about one atmosphere with reactants such as steam such that a reaction takes place that produces syngas, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2). The Syngas is then cleaned and provided to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce Ethanol or Bio-catalytic synthesis reactor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating a low tar, renewable fuel gas from biomass and using it in other energy conversion devices, many of which were designed for use with gaseous and liquid fossil fuels. An automated, downdraft gasifier incorporates extensive air injection into the char bed to maintain the conditions that promote the destruction of residual tars. The resulting fuel gas and entrained char and ash are cooled in a special heat exchanger, and then continuously cleaned in a filter prior to usage in standalone as well as networked power systems.

Abstract: A thermochemical water-splitting process all reactions of which operate at relatively low temperatures and high efficiencies, and in which relatively inexpensive materials and processing methods are made possible. This invention involves the decomposition of a metal halide compound, i.e., one which is capable of being reduced from a higher oxidation state to lower oxidation state, e.g. vanadium chloride III?vanadium dichloride. The process is cyclic and regenerative, and the only net inputs are water and heat; and the only net outputs are hydrogen and oxygen. The process makes it possible to utilize a wide variety of available heat, including solar, sources for the energy input.

Abstract: A filter regeneration apparatus of a coal gasification system having a filter for capturing char (unburned matter) present in exhaust gas at an exhaust gas passage communicating with exhaust gas source including a coal gasification furnace, fills the filter container with inactive gas having oxygen concentration of less than 5 vol. % and heat the filter to a target temperature of 400 to 450° C. and feed ashing gas having oxygen concentration of 5 to 15 vol. %, thereby ashing char in the filter. This method and apparatus achieve ashing of char in a safe manner and shortens the time of regenerating the filter by controlling the oxygen concentration in the ashing gas and the filter temperature constantly to reach preset target values.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthesis gas by gasification with the aid of air or oxygen or oxygen-saturated air as well as water vapor, a solid or liquid carbon-bearing fuel material being fed to a reactor, is shown. The fuel material is converted with the aid of air or oxygen or oxygen-saturated air and water vapor at an elevated temperature into a synthesis gas essentially consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; the reaction also yields mineral slag droplets which are removed from the reactor separately from the synthesis gas obtained, and the synthesis gas being discharged from the reactor in any random direction desired; the vaporous alkalis contained in the synthesis gas come into contact with a getter ceramic material so that they separate from the synthesis gas and hence, the synthesis gas can be sent to a slag separation device without previous cooling step and the slag droplets being withdrawn from the said device as liquid slag.

Abstract: The present invention or dual fuel slagging gasifier provides the equipment, devices, process and methods for increasing the efficiency, commercialization potential and economy of coal/coke gasification. Entrained, fixed bed and water gasification aspects are combined to generate chemically clean high temperature gases from volatile carbonaceous fuels. A charge body of material including particulate solid low volatile carbonaceous material, quartzite, and a flux can be introduced into an upper portion of a slagging gasifier. Further, a finely divided carbonaceous material can be entrained, gasified at a high temperature and injected into a lower portion of the slagging gasifier. This high temperature heat can then be utilized to convert a stack injected steam and the low volatile carbonaceous fuels to additional fuel gas which enhances calorific value and flow rate of the entrained gas to increase energy conversion efficiency of the dual fuel slagging gasifier above that for all known commercial gasifiers.

Abstract: Upon cold startup of a gasification facility, a fluidized air 10 is supplied to a combustion furnace 9 to fluidize a combustion-furnace fluidized bed 11 while a preheating fuel 22 is supplied to the combustion furnace to preheat the fluidized bed 11 up to an autoignition temperature of coal. Then, a coal 23 is charged to the combustion furnace 9 to heat the fluidized bed 11 and bed material is circulated between the combustion and gasification furnaces 9 and 1 for heating. Upon startup and shutdown of the gasification facility, steam 2 from an exhaust heat recovery boiler 20 in heat exchange with an exhaust gas 15 from the combustion furnace 9 is supplied to the gasification furnace 1 to purge the gasification furnace 1 and a lead-out passage 6 with the steam 2 utilizing the exhaust heat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving biomass gasification. By the present invention, volatile organometallics are contacted with a biomass before or during gasification. By this method, the biomass improves gas yields while reducing solid (tar) and liquid yields. In addition, the volatile organometallics interact with lignin in the biomass to produce methanol, which, in turn, results in a stable liquid or oil by-product or otherwise stabilizes the gasification process of the biomass. The presently disclosed method can also lead to increased syngas production and is potentially CO2 neutral. The energy input to the gasification is correspondingly reduced to reduce costs and the environmental impact associated with the gasification process.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a coal gasifier, preferably an oxygen-blown two zone-coal gasifier, without the need for the addition of water and producing a high LHV-content coal product fuel gas from coal. A first supply of coal, preferably dry coal, first supply of carbon dioxide, and a supply of oxygen are passed into a high pressure combustion vessel wherein the coal reacts with the oxygen and carbon dioxide to form an exothermic zone producing a combustion temperature in excess of the melting point of the ash in the coal. This in turn produces a melted ash and a combustion product gas comprising carbon monoxide. The melted ash is drained or otherwise removed for disposal and the combustion product gas subsequently is passed into an entrained flow reaction vessel. A second supply of dry coal and a second supply of carbon dioxide are injected into the entrained flow reaction vessel wherein the coal thermally reacts with the combustion product gas and the carbon dioxide and produces a product fuel gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated method of in-situ oxygen production, chemical looping combustion and gasification of liquid, solid or gaseous fuels allowing combustion of coal, petroleum coke and/or liquid hydrocarbons and notably heavy and/or extra heavy or bituminous residues for production of synthesis gas under pressure and/or energy.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900 degrees. The fuel is gasified by pneumatic metering of pulverized fuel, gasification reaction in a reactor with cooled reactor chamber contour, quencher cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

Abstract: A hydrogen production method that integrates a catalytic steam reformer and a gasifier. Hydrogen is generated in a catalytic steam reformer at a high production rate or design capacity. The catalytic steam reformer is then turned down to a fraction of design capacity while a gasifier produces the needed hydrogen. During the turned down state of the catalytic steam reformer, more of a hydrogen-containing stream formed from gasifier effluent is fed to the catalytic steam reformer as a feed thereby reducing the flow rate of feedstock required for the catalytic steam reformer in the turned down state. Optionally, hydrogen mixtures from the catalytic steam reformer and gasifier are fed to one or more adsorbers for hydrogen purification and adsorber effluent is fired as fuel in the steam reformer furnace to provide a majority of the heat needed for the reforming reaction.

Abstract: A system and process for maximizing the generation of electrical power from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstocks are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system and process using oxygen gas rather than ambient air. Intermediate gases generated in the system and process are recirculated and recycled to the gasification and oxidation chambers in order to maximize energy production. The energy produced through the system and process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology. In addition to the release of heat energy, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are oxidized to the pure product compounds of water and carbon dioxide, which are subsequently purified and marketed. The system and process minimizes environmental emissions.

Abstract: A process and device for the gasification of liquid or fine-grain solid fuel materials with the aid of oxygenous, gaseous gasification agents in a reactor is described. Liquid slag is separated on the walls of the reactor. The synthesis gas is generated in a first reaction chamber arranged in the upper part of the reactor and the feedstock is fed to the upper part. Liquid slag precipitates on its lateral walls, with free downflow and no solidification of the slag surface. The lower side has a hole with a slag drop-off edge, from which the generated synthesis gas can be withdrawn in downward direction and the liquid slag can drop off the edge. A second chamber which is delimited by a water film is located under the opening and used to keep the synthesis gas dry and cool. A third chamber is adjacent to the bottom of the second and fed with water to cool the synthesis gas.

Abstract: A dry feed two stage gasification system and process is disclosed for gasifying feedstock such as carbonaceous materials with improved energy efficiency, along with reductions in feedstock consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The feedstock is first dried and pretreated with the hot syngas in the upper section of the gasifier to generate a dry char that is low in volatile-matter content. This dry char is sent to the first stage of a two stage gasifier where it reacts with oxygen in the presence of steam to produce a hot syngas stream.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus where at least a portion of the apparatus comprises a membrane wall.

Abstract: A reactor, system and method for producing hydrogen features a reactor containing a heating stream channel and a hydrogen channel with a reaction channel positioned there between. A heat transfer sheet separates the heating stream channel and the reaction channel and a porous support plate separates the reaction channel and the hydrogen channel. A membrane constructed from palladium, vanadium, copper or alloys thereof covers the porous support plate. The heating stream channel receives a heating stream so that heat is provided to the reaction channel through the heat transfer sheet. A catalyst is positioned in the reaction channel and the reaction channel receives a reaction stream including a mixture of supercritical water and a hydrocarbon fuel so that hydrogen is produced in the reaction channel and is passed through the membrane into the hydrogen channel.

Abstract: A process for the endothermic gasification of solid carbon in an entrained bed facility comprises partial oxidation of fuel(s) and endothermic gasification of solid carbon, preferably preceded by low temperature carbonization such that the carbonization gas is passed to the partial oxidation and the carbonization coke is passed to the endothermic gasification. The hot gas streaming downwardly from the combustion chamber is deflected to produce separation of the liquid slag and is then passed to the endothermic gasification that operates with a rising gas stream and with addition of solid carbon having a grain diameter of up to 20 mm. The speed of the gas at the carbon inlet is higher than, and the speed of the gas at the end of the endothermic gasification is lower than, the suspension rate of the reactive carbon particles, to produce an increase of the relative speed difference between the gas and the carbon particles. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.