Abstract: A method of online control of a slag-forming process of gasification of a carbonaceous solid fuel, especially coal, in a gasification reactor with supply of a gasifying agent and a moderator is provided. Certain embodiments relate to a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel, to a computer program for online control of the slag-forming gasification process, and to a plant for conducting a gasification process for producing a product gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a solid fuel. Certain aspects of the invention combine an online solid fuel analysis with a process model in order to operate a gasification process for solid fuels by the feed-forward principle at the thermodynamically optimal operating point. The invention permits the establishment of the operating point in real time in order to react to rapid variations in the composition of the solid fuel.

Abstract: A gasifier (10) for partially combusting a carbonaceous fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (13) of the gasifier (10). The latter includes a water bath (26) into which the hot effluent or the products of combustion are immersed, including a synthetic gas. The products of combustion are directed into the bath (26) by way of a constricted throat section (31). To avoid excessive erosion action and/or thermal shock to the throat section (31) as a result of exposure to the effluent's high temperatures, the throat section (31) is structured with an internal framework of pipes (32). The flamework (32) is communicated with a pressurized source of a cooling fluid (42), preferably water, whereby to cool the throat section (31) sufficiently to counteract the ill effects of exposure to contact with the high temperature effluent.

Abstract: A coal gasifier has an inner wall surface made by metal of an inlet part of a heat recovery vessel, the inlet part having a inner cooling mechanism, and gas for peeling deposits on the inner wall surface is injected from plural gas injection holes, the injected gas forming a slewing flow and further being intermittently increased. And at least one cooling medium injection nozzle is provided at a side wall in the upper part of a gasification chamber.

Abstract: A vertical, countercurrent, updraft reactor is provided which can be advantageously used to produce synthesis gas by the partial oxidation of a solid fuel, especially a wood particle fuel. The reactor has a substantially cylindrical, vertical shell. The reactor has a fuel inlet opening in the upper portion of the reactor and an ash outlet opening in the lower portion of the reactor. Also in the lower portion of the reactor is a synthesis gas outlet opening. A heating zone is created within the reactor by internal heating zone walls which terminate at a lower-most edge. A grate is located below the heating zone. The outer perimeter of the grate and the lower-most edge of the heating zone walls form an annular slit which allows ash to gravitate out of the heating zone and into the lower-most portion of the reactor. The grate is reciprocal so that the annular slit can be periodically narrowed and widened.

Abstract: A pressurized downdraft gasifier for extracting high quality burning gases from fuels with low rates of gasification. The downdraft air with the gas products is made to take a tranverse path through a cylindrical bar grate depending into the ash collecting chamber from a throated bottom structure of the gasifying chamber and into annular space surrounding the grate at the top of the ash chamber from which space the gas products are delivered to gas burners and turbines to be utilized. Grate clearing assemblies are supported by their three blades respectively overlying respective grate bars and have a loose splined drive connection with a vertical drive shaft to allow the assemblies to tilt or rock while adjusting to clinkers plugging the grate bars. In the bottom of the ash chamber is a hearth plate with a central opening and a rejection plate also similarly loosely connected to the same vertical drive shaft to adjust to clinkers when sweeping the ash into the central opening of the hearth plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the ash temperature in a gasifier (10) of the kind described, which includes providing an ash contact member (31) in the ash flow path (20) downstream of the ash outlet (21) of the gasifier, and measuring the temperature of the ash contact member. The invention also provides ash temperature measurement means (30) for the gasifier (10). The ash temperature measurement means includes the ash contact member which is located in the ash flowpath below the ash outlet and which is capable of assuming a temperature proportional to the temperature of ash discharged from the gasification chamber (12) and which comes into contact with the contact member, as well as temperature sensing means adapted to measure the temperature of the ash contact member.

Abstract: A process for continuously gasifying wood, wood chips, wood charcoal, or other low-ash biomass material in a mechanically-ashed gasifier using a fixed bed gasification system to obtain a gaseous product relatively rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Product gas comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, together with methane and other diluents, is withdrawn from the gasification chamber. Sufficient noncombustible, particulate, refractory material is fed to the gasifier to provide an adequately deep layer of noncombustible solids on a moveable grate which supports the fuel bed, the object being to prevent damage to the grate and the grate-actuating mechanism caused by overheating, when the ash bed becomes too thin. The product gases from the gasification chamber may be used as raw synthesis gas for the production of, for example, methanol or as furnace heating gases.

Abstract: A slag breaker of a pressure-type coal gasifier having a rotary grate with a plurality of grate segments, a generator bottom and an ash separator, has an inclined breaking plate arranged to be located immediately below the grate segment and prior to the ash separator and provided with a plurality of breaking projections, and a wear sheet arranged to be located on the generator bottom and provided with a plurality of breaking webs.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an installation for preparing a combustible gas mixture from solid or liquid fuels by means of a rotatable cup-shaped, perforated bowl forming a supporting grate with a fuel supply to its inner wall and a feed of gasifying fluid to the outer side of the grate, an intermediate layer of a refractory material being formed against the inner wall of the rotating grate for supporting the fuel and finally dividing the gasifying fluid.

Abstract: A reactor for the pressure gasification of coal by treatment with oxygen and steam and, if desired, additional gasifying agents, at elevated temperatures and pressures, includes a water-cooled jacket and a rotary grate for moving the material to be gasified and for distributing the gasifying agents introduced into the reactor. The rotary grate is made of at least two concentric parts each of which rotates independly of the other part.

Abstract: A steam generating system for a gas producer of the type including a combustion chamber and an annular water jacket surrounding the chamber is disclosed characterised in that the upper part of the jacket is of larger diameter than the lower part thereof, the lower part being heated through substantially direct contact with the combustion chamber and the upper part being insulated from the chamber preferably by means of a skin of fire bricks or the like; an open upwardly directed vent pipe communicating with the lower part of the jacket; and a steam exhaust line communicating with the upper part of the jacket. The system also includes a venturi arrangement for introducing the generated steam to the air blast as well as a safety valve in the steam line which is adapted to respond to temperature changes in the air blast.

Abstract: Coal is gasified under elevated pressures and temperatures in a reactor having a rotatably mounted grate and supply conduits for oxygen-containing and oxygen-free gasifying agents. The rotary grate contains an internal chamber adjacent to the bearing for the grate and one of the supply conduits is adapted to feed an oxygen-free fluid to this internal chamber. The uppermost portion of the rotary grate contains a substantially closed internal chamber which has a supply conduit for feeding an oxygen-free fluid thereto. A mixing chamber is positioned between the uppermost chamber and the chamber adjacent the bearing for the grate and is provided with passages which lead to the charge to be gasified. The mixing chamber communicates with the uppermost chamber as well as the chamber adjacent the bearing and also has a supply conduit for feeding gasifying agents containing free oxygen thereto.

Abstract: A reactor for the continuous gasification of coal under superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures with gaseous gasifying agents containing free oxygen and with oxygen-free gasifying agents such as steam and/or carbon dioxide is disclosed. The reactor includes a substantially conical rotary grate which is rotatably mounted in the lower portion of the reactor housing. The rotary grate feeds the gasifying agent and/or discharges the gasification residues. Notwithstanding the inside diameter of the reactor housing, the clearance a between the rotary grate and the housing is 100-200 millimeters, the height b of the annular rim of the rotary grate is 100-350 millimeters, and the vertical distance c from the rotary grate to the housing bottom is 100-350 millimeters.