Abstract: The invention discloses an electric bed front motor drive structure. The structure of the drive head back bed board is connected to the fixed bed board. The top frame is set beneath the fixed bed board. the upper and lower frame are connected by guiding mechanism and rail movements. The bottom bedframe has intermediate connecting rods. The intermediate connecting rod has a first bracket. The rotation of the motor bracket lever is hinged at one end of the upper frame between the two side rods. Two connecting rods is set on the rotating rod. Second bracket is located underneath the motor bracket lever. The linear bearing assembly's bottom edge, two sides and two bases are located at the head back portion of the bed board underside. The two linear bearing assemblies connect the bottom edge and two bases.

Abstract: A patient support apparatus includes a patient support structure, such as a bed frame or mattress or both, that is configured to support a patient in a recumbent position. The patient support structure is configured to provide at least one therapy to a patient. A therapy enabler token is coupleable to the patient support structure. The at least one therapy is disabled when the therapy enabler token is decoupled from the patient support structure and the at least one therapy is enabled in response to the therapy enabler token being coupled to the patient support structure.

Abstract: A patient support table is provided. The patient support table includes a table plate that may be moved manually or by at least one motor having a control facility. At least one sensor is provided on the table plate. The at least one sensor is operable to determine a force exerted by a user on the table plate for table plate movement and produce a sensor signal. The at least one sensor is operable to communicate with the control facility of the motor. The control facility is operable to control the motor as a function of the sensor signal that is based on a predetermined reference force value such that the reference force value is not exceeded during the table movement.

Abstract: An articulating bed incorporates a support frame having an upper body support section. A lumbar actuation lever extends from a rotatable torque tube with angle arms extending from the torque tube to a lumbar support element. The lumbar support element is retracted against the upper body support section creating minimal deflection in a lumbar region of a mattress. The torque tube is rotated with to elevate the lumbar support element. A head support bracket is mounted to a neck angle adjustment section. The neck angle adjustment section is aligned with the upper body support section. or rotated about hinge elements to provide an angled head and neck position with respect to the upper body support section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an articulated bed which comprises a perimetric tubular frame, two mattress support portions articulated at the ends opposite to the respective ends of the frame, and articulated to one another at facing ends by means of a common rotating shaft; a geared motor assembled in the frame which rotationally operates a transverse shaft provided with at least one crank coupled by means of a connecting rod with the common shaft for the articulation of the two mattress support portions, transmitting a vertical oscillation to the common shaft and to the facing ends of the mattress support portions. In one embodiment variant it comprises a second geared motor which transmits an longitudinal alternating movement to the mattress support portions by means of a connecting rod-crank mechanism.

Abstract: An electric actuator system for hospital and care beds (1, 20) for adjusting e.g. the lying surface of the bed (1, 20). The actuator system is connected to one or more light sources (19, 23, 24), which may be switched on if a change in the patient's movement pattern and/or position in the bed (1, 20) is registered. The electric actuator system may thus help the patient navigate around the room.

Abstract: Embodiments of a power and signal distribution assembly for a bed having at least one power input port, at least one controller port, and at least one output port are described. The power input port receives a first DC voltage from a power supply and the power supply receiving an AC voltage and converting it to the first DC voltage. The controller port receives the first DC voltage and outputs at least one power control signal having the first DC voltage. The output port receives signals having the first DC voltage. The power and signal distribution assembly has a first location and the power supply has a second location different from the first location. In other embodiments, the power and signal distribution assembly is located on a frame of a bed and the power supply remote therefrom. Still further, one or more additional controller ports may also be provided.

Abstract: An electric actuator system for hospital and care beds comprising at least one linear actuator (9,48) for adjusting the lying surface of the bed. The actuator (9,48) used for adjusting the backrest section (6,57) of the bed comprises means for registering the force which it is exposed to. By comparing the registered forces to a zero value and/or a force interval, it can be determined whether the person occupying the bed is in the process of leaving the bed or has already left the bed. A connected alarm can thus notify the staff that the bed-bound person is in the process of leaving the bed.

Abstract: A therapy mat table has an upper surface and removable mat. A portion of the mat and a separate plate is rotatably mounted within the flat top so as to be capable of being selectively raised and lowered to form a seat back for a patient reclining or sitting on the pad on an elongated side edge of the table. The table may also include transfer bars which help to move a patient on and off the table or when moving to a standing position or while simply standing. The table may further include a stowable foot stop, which prevents backward movement of the patient's feet when the patient is standing between the transfer bars. The table may also include a knee blocker, which helps to limit or prevent buckling of the patient's knees when the patient is standing between the transfer bars.

Abstract: A method and system of reporting the status of a bed (12) whose occupant is at risk of an undesired event, includes indicating that the occupant is at risk of the undesired event and operating a lamp module (42) to signify a satisfactory status or an unsatisfactory status of the bed.

Abstract: An adjustable bed comprises an occupant support having adjustable settings that include an elevation, a profile and an angular orientation. The bed also includes an interface for allowing desired values of the adjustable settings to be individually commanded. The bed also includes a single-action boost control for commanding a boost configuration comprising a boost elevation setting and a boost profile setting and a boost angular orientation setting. The bed also includes an adjustment system for adjusting the bed to the desired values of the adjustable settings in response to inputs to the interface and for adjusting the elevation, profile and angular orientation to the boost configuration settings in response to input applied to the single-action boost control.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a mattress controller including a portable monitor having a memory, an input/output node in selective communication with the mattress controller, a processor programmed to maintain in the memory a data structure including a control data associated with the mattress controller, and selectively link with the mattress controller to communicate with the mattress controller to confirm or update the control data.

Abstract: A control command is received via a touch screen from a user. The control command is directed to recalling a user-selected bed position of an adjustable bed. Recalling includes: identifying a row in a data table representing a user-selected bed position and retrieving an increment value from the row. The increment value specifies one of a range of available positions for the adjustable bed. A component of the adjustable bed is controlled to meet the increment value The component includes at least one of an actuator and a vibration motor.

Abstract: An articulable occupant support system for supporting an occupant, includes an upper frame, an articulable assembly comprising at least one section articulable relative to the upper frame and a motion control system. The motion control system is arranged to govern motion of the articulable assembly based on a relationship relating scheduled motion of the sections to anthropometric information.

Abstract: A patient support apparatus includes a frame, a patient support surface supported in the frame, and a plurality of functional components associated with the patient support surface or the frame. The apparatus further includes a control system, with a controller, incorporated into the patient support surface or the frame and in operative communication with at least one of the functional components for controlling the component. The control system further includes a touch-screen in communication with the controller for controlling the functional component, which is positioned in the barrier around the patient support surface, and accessible at the exterior or interior surface of the barrier for access by a user. The touch-screen is configured to allow the user to select one or more of the functional components and control a parameter associated with the selected functional component.

Abstract: A hospital bed includes a frame, a head board, a foot board and an apparatus for lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board. The apparatus includes a first motor unit, a shaft unit, a gear box and a second motor unit. The first motor unit is provided beneath the frame. The shaft unit is connected to both of the head board and the foot board. The gear box is provided on a side of the first motor unit and connected to the shaft unit for lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board. The second motor unit includes a motor and a pair of wires. The motor is provided with a mandrel. The mandrel is engaged with the gear box. The second motor unit is electrically connected to the first motor unit through the pair of wires for automatically lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board.

Abstract: A control unit controls a drive unit so that a back angle ?, which is an elevation angle of a back bottom, and a knee angle ?, which is an elevation angle of a knee bottom, change according to a pre-set pattern. The control unit comprises a memory unit for storing a plurality of patterns of linking a coordinate point (0,0) in a (?,?) coordinate, in which each of the bottoms is in a horizontal state, and a coordinate point (?0, ?0), in which the back bottom is raised, with a plurality of points; a selection unit for selecting one pattern from the plurality of patterns stored in the memory unit; and a computation unit for controlling the drive unit so that the back angle ? and the knee angle ? change according to the pattern selected by the selection unit. Therefore, the patient can be prevented from being displaced on the bed and from being subjected to a sense of pressure on their stomach or chest.

Abstract: An item of furniture includes a frame mounting two adjustable sections which each includes a pivot shaft to cause pivoting of the respective section relative to the frame. Each pivot shaft mounts a claw-shaped arm having two legs. A dual linear actuator having openings at its opposite ends is suspended from the two claw-shaped arms and is operable to rotate the pivot shafts by engagement of sliding spindle nuts therein with the respective claw-shaped arms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a type of adjustable bed having junctions with equipped back support board, calf board support, front part bridge piece, back board support, rear bridge piece, thigh board support, back board support end and underframe crosstie woggle joint. The back board support has another end and is connected to the bedboard's back board woggle joint. A calf board support end and underframe crosstie woggle joint, and calf board support a calf of a user. Electrical machinery connection actuates the board members. A roller raises the back support and a separate roller raises the thigh board support. This model utility bed headboard footboard and the bed frame use the KD type card to meet.

Abstract: Support device, adjustable by electric motor, for supporting cushioning of a piece of furniture for sitting or lying on, in particular a bed mattress, has base body with first adjustable support part, in particular pivotable, relative to second support part. Electric motor adjusting device adjusts first support part, and has first and second adjusting unit provided on opposite longitudinal sides of base body. Rotationally supported component of first adjusting unit is connected, rotationally fixed, to similar component of second adjusting unit by a connecting shaft, and axial ends of connecting shaft engage in recesses in rotatably supported components. Connecting shaft is axially movable between a first position in which rotatably supported components are connected rotationally fixedly by connecting shaft, and a second position in which one end of the connecting shaft is released from recess, and connecting shaft is pretensioned in first position by a spring.

Abstract: A patient-support apparatus includes a mattress assembly supported on a frame, the mattress assembly including a coverlet configured to provide low-airloss therapy to a patient supported on the patient-support apparatus. The patient-support apparatus is articulable to a number of positions and includes a control network which is responsive to movement of portions of the frame to alter operational parameters of the frame and mattress assembly.

Abstract: A backrest of a bed is pivotable with respect to a bed frame. A backrest actuator assembly connects the backrest to the bed frame. The backrest actuator assembly is configured to raise and lower the backrest with respect to the bed frame by way of an actuator. The backrest actuator assembly is further configured with a lockable damper to release the backrest to lower due to gravity over a damped range of motion. The backrest can be so lowered during an emergency, such as an emergency that requires administration of CPR to the bed's occupant. The lockable damper can stop the lowering of the backrest at any position along the damped range of motion. After an emergency lowering, the backrest actuator assembly can automatically reset to a normal operation state.

Abstract: A patient support apparatus comprises a lower frame, a lift mechanism, a drive mechanism, and an upper frame. The lower frame includes a lift drive configured to at least one of expand and contract the lift mechanism. The lift mechanism is pivotably coupled with the lower frame to rotate about a rotational axis. A drive mechanism is coupled between the lift mechanism and the lower frame. The drive mechanism is configured to rotate the lift mechanism about the rotational axis. The upper frame is supported on the lift mechanism and responsive to the rotation of the lift mechanism to rotate a patient about the rotational axis.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an automated anti-snoring bed system, which includes a bed designed to support a user lying thereon and internally provided with a driving device, a sensing device able to send out a detection signal toward the user's chest at regular intervals of time and receive a reflected signal returning from the user in response to the detection signal, and a control device. When the sensing device determines that the user is snoring according to the reflected signal, the sensing device sends out a control command to the control device and the control device then drives the driving device to change the configuration of the bed to a mode for stopping the user from snoring. Thus, the user is prevented not only from sleep disorders, but also from sleep apnea which may otherwise jeopardize the user's sleeping quality and health.

Abstract: A patient support is provided. The patient support is configurable to support a patient in a horizontal position and a seated position. The patient support includes a back section, and a thigh section coupled to the back section. The patient support also includes an adjustment member coupled to the thigh section. The adjustment member is movable to lengthen the thigh section. The patient support also includes a foot section coupled to the adjustment member. The foot section is pivotable into a first position substantially parallel to the thigh section to a second position substantially perpendicular to the thigh section.

Abstract: A motorized bed includes a bed body and a driving device. The bed body includes a base frame, a fixed frame, and a movable frame. The driving device includes a drive unit mounted on the fixed frame, a guide tube mounted on the drive unit, a threaded rod mounted in the guide tube, an extension tube mounted in the guide tube and having a first end provided with a push portion and a second end connected with the movable frame, and a threaded mover moved by the threaded rod and movable to abut the push portion. Thus, when a human body is disposed between the movable frame and the base frame, the human body only needs to overcome the weight of the movable frame to detach the extension tube from the mover, so that the movable frame stops moving immediately.

Abstract: A patient bed with a multimedia system is disclosed. A patient can access a net work through the multimedia system, and to join a net meeting to chat with other patients. The multimedia system can also provide a consolidated platform of medical information for a doctor or a nurse. An input device of the patient bed may have a touch pad, which allows the patient to control the position of patient support through finger gesture.

Abstract: A hospital bed includes a frame, a head board, a foot board and an apparatus for lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board. The apparatus includes a first motor unit, a shaft unit, a gear box and a second motor unit. The first motor unit is provided beneath the frame. The shaft unit is connected to both of the head board and the foot board. The gear box is provided on a side of the first motor unit and connected to the shaft unit for lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board. The second motor unit includes a motor and a pair of wires. The motor is provided with a mandrel. The mandrel is engaged with the gear box. The second motor unit is electrically connected to the first motor unit through the pair of wires for automatically lifting and lowering the head board and the foot board.

Abstract: There is disclosed a platform of an electric-movable bed for preventing bedsores and capable of changing a shaft including a plate unit. The platform includes a plurality of main plates rotatably provided to support the human body, a plurality of sub plates rotatably and hingedly coupled to the main plates, respectively, and a locking part provided between each main plate and each sub plate to enable or lock the rotation of each main plate or sub plate, the plate unit being configured to selectively rotate a corresponding portion to a position of the joint according to a user's body type; a first driving unit configured to tilt an upper part of the human body lying on the plate unit; and a second driving unit configured to tilt a lower part of the human body lying on the plate unit.

Abstract: A hospital bed convertible to a side egress chair bed includes a base having opposite end portions; a lifting mechanism secured to the base between the end portions; a rotating frame mounted on the lifting mechanism and configured to rotate horizontally relative to the base; and a patient support surface pivotally secured to the rotating frame. The patient support surface includes a back panel, a seat panel, and a leg panel that are configured to articulate relative to each other from a co-planar configuration to a chair configuration. The leg panel includes a first section pivotally connected to the seat panel and a second section that is separable from the leg panel first section.

Abstract: A novel article of adjustable bed is disclosed. The adjustable bed comprises at least two body-support portions and a base support for supporting the body support portions. The body support portions are mounted with respect to the base to allow angular adjustment of their relative positions to alter the configuration of the bed. Actuators are provided for angularly moving one or more of the body-support portions to effect angular adjustment of the bed. A load-bearing member projects from one of the moveable body-support portions and is supported by a bearing means arranged to run on a curved support such that each moveable body-support portion is pivotally mounted with respect to the base about a respective pivot axis defined by the centre of curvature of the respective curved support. The pivot axis of the movable body-support portion is positioned above the base in a plane offset from the top edge thereof .

Abstract: The invention relates to a guide device for a motorized operating table comprising a bed intended to support a patent and a base supporting said bed, said base comprising a motor unit, of the type comprising a control unit intended to control the movement of the table, said control unit being coupled to the table motor unit, and characterized in that the control unit comprises a casing comprising housing designed to accommodate a control device intended to control the position of the bed with respect to the base supporting the bed and with respect to the movement of the motorized table.

Abstract: A pivoting device for pivoting of segments (4) which are pivotable relative to one another of a bearing construction (2), providing a bearing surface (3) for a mattress, a cushioning element or the like, of an item of furniture for sitting and/or lying on, in particular a bed. In order to produce a pivoting device which requires a comparatively small installation space while also having safe operation, the invention proposes a pivoting device which includes an electromotive drive device (13) which is arranged on the end face between two neighboring segments (4).

Abstract: Today, electromechanical actuator systems are used in a variety of applications, of which some are more safety critical than others. Likewise, they are used in a wide range of applications where the safety of persons often to a higher or lesser extent depends on that the actuators remains safe both during normal use and in the fault conditions, which may occur. By an actuator comprising a DC motor (2) equipped with a worm drive and a spindle (4), the typical wearing components are the bearing, which carries the spindle (4), the spindle nut (5) and the worm wheel (9) in the worm drive. Common to the described defect situations is that they in the time leading up to the occurrence of the defect will show a decrease in the ratio of efficiency. Whether it is the spindle bearing, the worm drive, the spindle nut (5) or for that matter the motor, which is getting worn, the proportion between the current which the motor absorbs and the force the actuator performs will change.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bed for providing support in sitting up to a person lying thereon, comprising an approximately rectangular frame, which comprises at least two frame parts, which are separated from each other in the transverse direction and are connected to each other in an articulated manner and are completed to form a planar element by flexible slats, woven wire fabric, or the like and can be swiveled about a transverse axis oriented transversely to the respective frame part from the horizontal to an inclined position, wherein at least one sit-up area lies on at least one frame part, said sit-up area being integrated into the surface of the frame part in the deactivated state, the outward-facing edge of said sit-up area extending approximately to the border of the frame and the inward-facing edge of said sit-up area being at a distance from the center line of the frame extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein said sit-up area can be swiveled about a sit-up axis extending parallel or at an

Abstract: A person support apparatus may, among other things, support a person in a laying-down or a seated position. One or more sensors, which may be operably coupled to the person support apparatus, monitor changes in the position of a person situated on the person support apparatus. A control system receives output from the sensor or sensors over a period of time, while the person is positioned on the person support apparatus. The control system makes a determination relating to the activity and/or mobility of the person positioned on the person support apparatus. The control system may use the activity and/or mobility determination to control a feature of the person support apparatus, or for other purposes.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein related to person support apparatuses and systems, and in particular, to such apparatuses and systems that incorporate or are used with vital signs monitoring devices.

Abstract: A bed occupancy state detection method includes detecting loads applied to a head side right portion, a head side left portion, a foot side right portion, and a foot side left portion of a bed platform by first to fourth load detecters, respectively, judging whether or not a prescribed judgment formula is satisfied based on load values outputted from the first to fourth load detecters, and notifying information on a bed occupancy state of an object in cases where it is judged that a judgment formula is satisfied from a judgment result at the judgment.

Abstract: A two-stage actuating device for an electric apparatus includes a driver mounted to a fixing frame of the electric apparatus and provided with a retractable rod, a link rod having one end pivotally connected with the retractable rod of the driver and the other end pivotally connected with a moveable frame of the electric apparatus, and a bracket having one end mounted to the moveable frame and the other end connected with the retractable rod in such a way that the link rod is pushed by the retractable rod within a first-stage stroke of the retable rod to drive a first-stage movement of the moveable frame, and then the bracket is pushed by the retractable rod in a second-stage stroke of the retractable rod to drive a second-stage movement of the moveable frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an articulated bed which comprises a perimetric tubular frame, two mattress support portions articulated at the ends opposite to the respective ends of the frame, and articulated to one another at facing ends by means of a common rotating shaft; a geared motor assembled in the frame which rotationally operates a transverse shaft provided with at least one crank coupled by means of a connecting rod with the common shaft for the articulation of the two mattress support portions, transmitting a vertical oscillation to the common shaft and to the facing ends of the mattress support portions. In one embodiment variant it comprises a second geared motor which transmits an longitudinal alternating movement to the mattress support portions by means of a connecting rod-crank mechanism.

Abstract: An examination table includes a support surface movable with respect to a base. The support surface includes a seat portion and a backrest portion. A first motor drives the support surface with respect to the base, and a second motor drives the backrest portion pivotally with respect to the seat portion. A control system includes a control panel and first and second Hall-effect sensors for detecting rotations of the respective first and second motors to determine the current positions of the support surface and the backrest portion. The control system executes a movement algorithm for moving the support surface and the backrest portion to a desired position from the current position. The control system also executes a calibration algorithm for calibrating position tracking of the support surface and the backrest portion.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a communication system adapted to communicate between a handheld remote control and a first adjustable bed controller of a first adjustable bed facility, and a second communication system adapted to communicate between the first adjustable bed controller of the first adjustable bed facility and a second adjustable bed controller of a second adjustable bed facility.

Abstract: A device is employed that can be retrofit onto existing feed pumps to remediate the problem of fluid aspiration in patients being fed through a feeding tube from the pump. In one embodiment the feeding pump is plugged into the device which is plugged into a power outlet. A patient angle sensor triggers power cutoff to the pump and stoppage of fluid flow. The angle sensor and operating program may be part of a smart phone. Power to the pump may be shut off due to a Bluetooth signal from the smart phone to a Bluetooth controlled power strip into which the pump is plugged to receive power.

Abstract: A single driver connecting structure for an electric bed or chair comprises: a primary frame, a driver and a link rod. The second structural component has two first angle brackets, and the first angle brackets each include a sliding slot. The third structural component has two second angle brackets, and each second angle bracket includes an aperture. The driver has a positioning portion and an extendable rod, and the positioning portion is pivoted to the securing aperture. The link rod has a first aperture and a second aperture. The first aperture is pivoted to the through hole of the driver with a control pin, and the control pin is slibable in, and limited in, the sliding slot. The second aperture and the aperture of the third structural component are pivoted together such that the driver drives the link rod to affect different movements of the main frame.

Abstract: A leg lift mechanism for an electric bed or chair includes a primary frame, having a first structural component mounted with a bed frame and pivotally connected with a driver, a second structural component pivotally connected with the first structural component, a third structural component pivotally connected with the second structural component, a first angle bracket mounted with the second structural component, a lift bracket pivotally connected with the bed frame and abutted against the third structural component, and a second angle bracket mounted with the lift bracket. A link rod has an end pivotally connected with an extendable rod of the driver through a control pin inserted into a sliding slot of the first angle bracket, and the other end pivotally connected with the second angle bracket. Thus, the link rod can be driven by the driver to cause different movements of the primary frame.

Abstract: Apparatus for supporting a user in a selected position includes a tiltable frame assembly, a body support supported thereon, and a foot support extending transversely across the foot end of the body support. Either the foot support or the body support is movable relative to the other such that: (a) in the horizontal position of the apparatus the foot support is spaced away from the foot end of the body support and from the bottom surfaces of the user's feet supported thereon, and (b) when the tiltable frame assembly is tilted towards the vertical position, either the foot support or the body support moves relative to the other in the direction to cause the foot support to engage the bottom surfaces of both feet of the user to prevent siding of the user on the body support and thereby to facilitate exiting of the user from the apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for mitigating snoring in an adjustable bed. The systems and methods may include monitoring a sensor for a first reading indicative of a snoring user, activating an actuator to move the adjustable bed into an anti-snore position, monitoring the adjustable bed to confirm that it achieves the anti-snore position, monitoring the sensor for a second reading indicative of a non-snoring user, and after failing to receive the second reading, activating the actuator to move the adjustable bed into a second anti-snore position.

Abstract: An adjustable bed (10) includes an adjustable bed base (12) for supporting a mattress (14). The adjustable bed base (12) comprises an articulated deck (50) comprising head, seat, leg and foot deck boards (54, 56, 58, 58) hingedly joined together and supported from a frame (32). At least one of the support sections has an opening (72, 74) and a pocket (86) secured underneath the opening. Inside the pocket (86) is located a vibratory motor (100), the vibratory motor (100) being electrically coupled to a powered drive unit (66) for vibrating a portion of the adjustable bed (10).

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a touch screen remote control adapted to present one or more interactive bed control icons for controlling an articulating adjustment of a position of a bed segment that is supported by an adjustable bed controller. The adjustable bed controller is adapted to, in response to a receipt of a motion command from the touch screen remote control, adjust, with feedback, a portion of an adjustable bed; wherein the feedback is based on a comparison of sensor feedback and a predetermined position stored in memory.

Abstract: A leg lift mechanism for an electric bed or chair includes a primary frame, having a first structural component mounted with a bed frame and pivotally connected with a driver, a second structural component pivotally connected with the first structural component, a third structural component pivotally connected with the second structural component, a first angle bracket mounted with the second structural component, a lift bracket pivotally connected with the bed frame and abutted against the third structural component, and a second angle bracket mounted with the lift bracket. A link rod has an end pivotally connected with an extendable rod of the driver through a control pin inserted into a sliding slot of the first angle bracket, and the other end pivotally connected with the second angle bracket. Thus, the link rod can be driven by the driver to cause different movements of the primary frame.