Abstract: The invention concerns a raw material briquette for mineral wool production containing a mineral raw material as well as a binder therefor. The invention is characterized in that the briquette, as the binder, contains slag which has been activated with an alkaline agent, such as with an alkalimetal compound. The invention also concerns a process for the preparation of the briquette as well as a process for the preparation of mineral fibres using the briquette according to the invention.

Abstract: Described is an inorganic fiber comprising silica dioxide, calcium oxide, and alkali oxide having a free energy of hydration greater than (more positive than) -5.00 kcal/mol, an enthalpy of formation less than (more than negative than) -210.0 kcal/mol, a dissolution rate in simulated extra cellular fluid greater than 750 (calculated as nanograms of fiber/per square centimeter of fiber surface area/per hour) having an average fiber diameter not greater than 4.5 micrometers. Also described is a method of manufacturing the fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to inorganic fibers, and a process for their production. The inorganic fibers lose their fiber form factor after a short contact period with water or a physiological body fluid, so that danger to health is not expected from such fibers remaining for a prolonged period of time in or on human tissue. The fiber of the invention is characterized by the fact that at least 90% of it comprises 20-50% by weight of CaO and 50-80% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The rest comprises a maximum of 10% by weight of typical impurity oxides.

Abstract: Inorganic fibers which have a silicon extraction of greater than about 0.02 wt % Si/day in physiological saline solutions. The fiber contains SiO.sub.2, MgO, CaO, and at least one of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, iron oxides, or mixtures thereof. Also disclosed are inorganic fibers which have diameters of less than 3.5 microns and which pass the ASTM E-119 two hour fire test when processed into a fiber blanket having a bulk density in the range of about 1.5 to 3 pcf.

Abstract: Mineral fibers that include, by weight, 34-42% SiO.sub.2, 31-38% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-1% TiO.sub.2, 2.5-7.5% FeO, 17-21% CaO, 0.5-43% MgO, 0.3-1.5% Na.sub.2 O and 0.1-2.3% K.sub.2 O display very high temperature resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mineral fiber compositions useful for forming fibers which are readily degraded in a physiological medium such as that found within the human body. Advantageous compositions formed according to the present invention comprise the following components in the proportions by weight set forth below:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 37 to 58 wt. %; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4 to 14 wt. %; CaO 7 to 40 wt. %; MgO 4 to 16 wt. %; P.sub.2 O.sub.5 1 to 10 wt. %; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 up to about to 15 wt. %; ______________________________________wherein the amount of CaO+MgO+Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is greater than 25% and the total amount of Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O is less than 7%. The total iron contained within the composition is expressed in the form of ferric oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3).

Abstract: A molded casting from mineral wool, obtained notably through vacuum casting, displaying specific properties resulting from the addition of solid particles and in which mineral fibers are stabilized by a binder is disclosed. The solid particles are incrusted among the mineral fibers in the form of islets and have a particle measurement on the average below or equal to 4 microns.

Abstract: Improved inorganic ceramic papers comprising heterogeneous grades of ceramic fibers, namely small, high surface area fibers and at least one larger, lower surface area ceramic fiber are bonded into a matrix with the aid of an inorganic binder system having at least one metal oxide with an average particle size below 200 nm. Multiple different grades of inorganic ceramic fibers and small particle size inorganic binders impart good tensile strength and flexibility characteristics in the same sheet.

Abstract: A process for producing mineral fibers and the fibers thus produced are disclosed. The process involves forming a melt comprising an alumina-containing residue from a metal melting operation and one or more mineral raw materials suitable for forming mineral fibers, dividing the melt into streams and cooling the streams to produce the fibers. The residue from the metal melting operation acts as an inexpensive, substantially non-polluting source of alumina which can be used to increase the alumina content of the fibers and thus improve their properties, or which can be used as a replacement for more expensive or less desirable sources of alumina.

Abstract: A heat and water resistant paper prepared with ceramic fiber and a 90-10 to 10-90 mixture of magnesium fluorhectorite and guanidinium fluorhectorite provides improved tensile strength. The fluorhectorites are flocculated from lithium fluorhectorite by ion exchange with 1 M solution of magnesium chloride and guanidinium chloride.

Abstract: A moldable refractory composition comprising a ceramic alumina-silica fiber, a colloidal silica, an organic adhesive, wollastonite, and a liquid vehicle such as water forms a molten aluminum resistant refractory when dried.

Abstract: The operation of mineral wool cupolas is improved in several respects and a waste material is efficiently disposed of by using spent pot lining from electrolytic aluminum reduction vessels in the mineral wool cupolas as a partial or complete replacement for coke. The spent pot lining is impregnated with a cryolytic type slag material which aids in both reducing the reactivity of an already unreactive graphitic material such that it burns low in the cupola with desirable thermal results and also prevents the formation of siliceous build-up in the cupola hearth areas. Several variations of cryolytic impregnated carbonaceous materials having the desirable effect of the invention are possible and described.

Abstract: A filter cake formed of a glass precursor material and impregnated with a normally leachable toxicant can be heated, preferably with at least one other glass precursor material, at a sufficiently high temperature to form a molten composition which solidifies, upon cooling, to form a glass. The normally leachable toxicant becomes fixed within the glass rendering it substantially more non-leachable allowing for a more environmentally sound means for disposal, e.g., by landfill techniques. The process can be used to treat the arsenic sulfide-impregnated filter cake derived from the manufacture of food grade phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for utilizing slag from metal production, particularly the silicate slag with a high iron oxide content resulting from copper or nickel proceses, in the production of heat-resistant, fire-resistant and/or alkali-resistant fibre material. According to the invention, the temperature dependence of the slag viscosity is changed by means of alloying the slag so that the relative proportion of the acidic components contained in the slag is increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for utilizing slag from ferroalloy production in manufacturing heat-resistant, fire-resistant and/or alkali-resistant fiber materials, when the original slag is based on aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. According to the invention, aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide is added into the molten slag in order to change the slag viscosity and to adjust the defibration temperature of the slag.

Abstract: Method of preparing a melt for the production of mineral wool wherein suitably composed raw material and coke are fed into a preheating zone in the upper portion of a shaft furnace and are caused to descend down through the oxidation zone in which air is introduced to effect a combustion of the coke and to heat the raw material to a temperature not exceeding 1000.degree. C., and wherein the actual melting is effected by plasma heating in the lower portion of the shaft furnace where which the melt formed is discharged.

Abstract: A process for making a homogeneous melt for producing mineral wool insulation. This insulating material is made from waste products namely, bottom ash, cement kiln dust, slag, and waste from mineral wool production. These materials, along with a binder, are homogenized into a mixture. Thereafter, the process includes briquetting the mixture into agglomerated pieces. The agglomerates are then melted in a cupola furnace and the molten agglomerate is discharged into a receiver. Hot combustion gases are then passed into the melt or molten agglomerate to chemically homogenize the melt and heat the melt to preselected temperature. Thereafter, the melt is converted into fibers using conventional practices.

Abstract: The invention relates to glasses formed from naturally occurring zeolites which are modified by inclusion of additional alumina.

Abstract: A process for making a homogeneous melt for producing mineral wool insulation. This insulating material is made from waste products namely, bottom ash, cement kiln dust, slag, and waste from mineral wool production. These materials, along with a binder, are homogenized into a mixture. Thereafter, the process includes briquetting the mixture into agglomerated pieces. The agglomerates are then melted in a cupola furnace and the molten agglomerate is discharged into a receiver. Hot combustion gases are then passed into the melt or molten agglomerate to chemically homogenize the melt and heat the melt to a preselected temperature. Thereafter, the melt is converted into fibers using conventional practices.

Abstract: Glass fibers having the following constituents in the ranges of proportions indicated: SiO.sub.2, 57-70 wt. %; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2-7 wt. %; CaO, 5-10 wt. %; MgO, 0-4 wt. %; B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-4.5 wt. %; and F, 0.5-4 wt. %; and wherein B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and F are present in amounts according to the relationship:3.ltoreq.B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +1.5 F.ltoreq.6.5and wherein the fibers also contain the alkali oxides Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O, in amounts according to the relationship:16 wt. %<Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O<20 wt. %.The glass fibers are used advantageously in thermal and/or acoustic insulation.

Abstract: A glass composition is disclosed which is formed from a mixture comprising one or a plurality of natural mineral zeolites and having a melting point in the range of from about 1000.degree. to about 1500.degree. C. The glass compositions of this invention can be formed into various glass articles, including flat glass, glass containers, glass fiber and glass foam.

Abstract: Fiberizable basalt compositions are disclosed. The fibers are produced from natural basalt rock modified with alkaline earth metal oxides. The fibers can be used to make low density composites for ceiling tile or boards.

Abstract: Blown mineral wool fibers are introduced into slurries (such as gypsum board core formulations and steel column fireproofing plaster formulations) by first blending and coating the blown mineral wool with a powdered calcium sulfate to produce a light, open nodulated effect. When mixed into aqueous calcined gypsum slurries, the nodules open up, thoroughly dispersing the mineral wool--calcium sulfate blend in the aqueous slurry and contributing fire resistant properties to the set gypsum product.

Abstract: Mineral wool produced from fly ash wherein at least 70% to 80% by weight of the mineral wool consists of fibrous strands having a diameter greater than 3 to 5 microns and less than about 7 to 15 microns.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber composition suitable for use in the temperature range of 650.degree. C. to 1100.degree. C. formed from aluminum silicate and feldspar. The aluminum silicate is preferably calcined kaolin and comprises 65 percent to 95 percent by weight of the mixture with the remainder being the feldspar.

Abstract: The present invention concerns glass compositions capable of being attenuated in the form of fibers.These glass fibers comprise the following oxides in the percentages by weight: SiO.sub.2 :37 to 48%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :17 to 25%; CaO:23 to 33%; MgO:0.1 to 7%; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 :0.1 to 3%; Na.sub.2 O:2 to 8%; K.sub.2 O:0.1 to 7%, the sum of the percentages of earthalkaline oxides (CaO and MgO) being less than or equal to 34%, and the sum of the alkaline oxides (Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O) being greater than 5%.The invention is applicable to the manufacture of products subjected to elevated temperatures, for instance, products used for insulation purposes, even when such products may be subjected to a temperature as high as 700.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of neutralized polyelectrolyte complexes exhibiting hydrophobic behavior containing crystals of an organic polycation exchanged lithium and/or sodium water-swelling mica. The process for making such products comprises:(1) forming a glass-ceramic body containing crystals selected from the group of fluorhectorite, hydroxyl hectorite, boron fluorphlogopite, hydroxyl boron phlogopite, and solid solutions among those and between those and other structurally-compatible species selected from the group of talc, fluortalc, polylithionite, fluorpolylithionite, phlogopite, and fluorphlogopite;(2) contacting that body with a polar liquid to cause swelling and disintegration of the body accompanied with the formation of a gel; and(3) contacting said gel with a source of organic polycations to cause a reaction between the Li.sup.+ and/or Na.sup.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of an organic-inorganic composite body demonstrating hydrophobic behavior containing crystals of an organic polycation-exchanged lithium and/or sodium water-swelling mica, the organic polycation being selected from the group of aminosilanes and organic chrome complexes.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a slurry composed of ion-exchanged, synthetic mica crystals dispersed in a polar liquid. The method comprises providing a synthetic, lithium and/or sodium, water-swelling body of selected crystal type, and dispersing the mica body in the polar liquid while simultaneously effecting an exchange of larger cations from a contacting source with lithium and/or sodium ions from the mica crystals. The synthetic mica body may be vigorously mixed in a dilute solution of the exchangeable ion source. Alternatively, the mica body may be disintegrated in a mixer, the exchangeable ion source added to form a paste and more liquid added to dilute the paste.

Abstract: A glass composition suitable for production of a fibrous wollastonite comprising, in % by weight:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 35 to 60 CaO 30 to 55 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 1 to 30 Li.sub.2 O 0 to 4 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0 to 8 and Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 0 to 8 ______________________________________a method for producing said fibrous wollastonite using the glass composition, and fibrous wollastonite obtained by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to ceramic fibers and wools formed from silicate-containing melts of combustion residues of fossile fuels and to a process for the production of said fibers and wools. The new fibers and wools are characterized in that they are spun from melts heated to temperatures of 700.degree. to 1650.degree. C., in particular from 1000.degree. to 1450.degree. C., and consisting of untreated fly ash or of a mixture of the components a+b or a+c or a+b+c. the components a, b, c being the following:(a) untreated fly ash, in particular filter ashes from thermal power stations,(b) at least one inorganic flux from the group consisting of alkaline (earth) borates, alkaline (earth) oxides, alkaline (earth) hydroxides, alkaline (earth) carbonates, alkaline (earth) phosphates, alkaline (earth) fluorides, alkaline (earth) silicates, cryolites and feldspars, and(c) technical glass, in particular scrap glass.

Abstract: A glass batch, and a fiberizable glass composition, comprising 2 percent B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is disclosed. The glass fibers have improved dry strength and water durability and have a surface boron concentration, in weight percent, of about 2.5.

Abstract: A fibre glass composition which is characterized in that it consists of______________________________________ % by weight ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 55-65 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-2 CaO 6-9.5 MgO 1-4.5 Na.sub.2 O 13-17 K.sub.2 O 0-2 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-7 BaO 0-3 Li.sub.2 O 0-1 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 traces ZnO 0.5-6.

Abstract: A process for producing mineral wool having a chemical composition comprised of between about 50 and 70 weight percent silica plus alumina, about 20 and 35 weight percent lime plug magnesia and about 5 and 15 weight percent iron oxides is described.The process includes feeding a first particulate waste material having a particle size of 100 weight percent -200 mesh and containing organic combustibles having heating values of about 10 mega J per kilogram of slag and inorganic non-combustibles, a second particulate waste material having a particle size of 100 weight percent -200 mesh and containing fluxstone, and preheated air at a velocity of between about 30 meters to 60 meters per second at a temperature of about 500.degree. C. into a high temperature cyclone-like furnace. The combustibles are substantially instantaneously burned and the non-combustibles and the fluxstone are melted and reacted to form a molten slag which can be fiberized into mineral wool.

Abstract: Fiberizable glass compositions are disclosed. The fibers may be produced from sand, clay, limestone, dolomite or other suitable raw materials. The fibers can be used to make low density composites for ceiling tile or boards.

Abstract: The inorganic fiber of this invention comprising as major constituents______________________________________ % by weight ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 40-50 CaO 0-10 MgO 15-25 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 + FeO 0-10 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-15 MnO 2-15 ______________________________________(provided that the total amount of CaO, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, FeO and MnO is about 20% by weight) is excellent in alkali- and heat-resistances and is useful as a replacement of asbestos in asbestos-cement boards. Titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2) is contained in natural rocks or slags to be used for the meltable material as an impurity in the amount of about 2% by weight.

Abstract: Method of producing a melt from rock materials in a cupola furnace which materials are charged as uniformly-shaped briquettes together with coke. In order to recue the content of CO in the exhaust and to increase the melting capacity of the furnace, the flow of combustion air related to the cross-section of the furnace is at least 60 Nm.sup.3 /m.sup.2 minute, and the briquettes having such a shape that a porosity in the combustion zone is more than 0.45.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the production of crystal-containing gels and papers, films, fibers, boards, and coatings made therefrom. The process for making the gels comprises three general steps: first, a fully or predominantly crystalline body is formed containing crystals consisting essentially of a lithium and/or sodium water-swelling mica selected from the group of fluorhectorite, hydroxyl hectorite, boron fluorphlogopite, hydroxyl boron phlogopite, and solid solutions among those and between those and other structures selected from the group of talc, fluortalc, polylithionite, fluorpolylithionite, phlogopite, and fluorphlogopite; second, that body is contacted with a polar liquid, desirably water, to cause swelling and disintegration of the body accompanied with the formation of a gel; and, third, the solid:liquid ratio of the gel is adjusted to a desired value depending upon the application therefor.

Abstract: A fibre glass composition which is characterized in that it consists of______________________________________ % by weight ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 55-65 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-2 CaO 6-9.5 MgO 1-4.5 Na.sub.2 O 13-17 K.sub.2 O 0-2 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-7 BaO 0-3 Li.sub.2 O 0-1 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 traces ZnO 0.