Abstract: Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. A catalyst includes a metal oxycarbonitride containing niobium and at least one metal M selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and nickel. A process for making the catalyst involves a heat treatment.

Abstract: The electrode for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode substrate and a catalyst layer disposed on the electrode substrate, the catalyst layer including metal nanoparticles, a binder and a catalyst. The metal nanoparticles in the catalyst layer improve electrical conductivity, and also have catalyst activity to implement a catalytic synergetic effect so as to provide a high power fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing an anode for in-situ sintering for a molten carbonate fuel cell, in which an anode green sheet is prepared using a slurry, and then a reinforcing layer is placed on the anode green sheet and then pressed, thereby improving the mechanical stability of a fuel cell stack and the long term stability of an anode, and an anode manufactured using the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a material for a composite electrode. The method is intended for the preparation of a composite material consisting of an active electrode material M1, a material C1 conferring electronic conductivity, an organic binder and a salt, said binder comprising a polymer P1 having an O, N, P or S heteroatom mass content of 15% or higher, a polymer P2 having an O, N, P or S heteroatom mass content of 5% or less, and a nonvolatile liquid organic solvent S1. It includes a step consisting in preparing a viscous solution containing at least one polymer P1, at least one polymer P2, a material C1, an active electrode material M1 and at least one nonvolatile solvent S1, and a step consisting in forming a film from the viscous solution obtained.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a method of preparing the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, and a fuel cell including the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst includes an oxide support as well as a nickel active catalyst layer, a metal oxide, an alkali metal supported by the oxide support.

Abstract: A method for preparing a metal catalyst includes a proton conductive material coating layer formed on the surface of a conductive material. Also, an electrode may be prepared using the metal catalyst. The method for preparing the metal catalyst comprises mixing the conductive catalyst material, the proton conductive material, and a first solvent, casting the mixture onto a supporting layer and drying the mixture to form a conductive catalyst containing film. The method further comprises separating the conductive catalyst containing film from the supporting layer and pulverizing the conductive catalyst containing film to obtain the metal catalyst. The method for preparing the electrode comprises mixing the metal catalyst with a hydrophobic binder and a second solvent, coating the mixture on an electrode support, and drying it.

Abstract: A method including providing an ion conductive membrane and deactivating a selected region of the membrane.

Abstract: There is provided a dendritic catalyst layer for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell including: a solid polymer electrolyte membrane; electrodes; and catalyst layers each provided between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the respective electrode, the catalyst layer for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a catalyst with a dendritic structure. The catalyst with a dendritic structure is formed through vacuum evaporation such as reactive sputtering, reactive electron beam evaporation, or ion plating. The catalyst layer for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell can improve catalytic activity, catalyst utilization, and substance transport performance in the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon-metal-nitrogen oxygen reducing cathode catalyst, the method comprising mixing a carbon source with a transition metal precursor to form a metal precursor loaded carbon substrate; adding a nitrogen precursor compound to the metal precursor loaded carbon substrate to form a carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor; and pyrolyzing the carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor in a closed vessel, thereby forming an oxygen reducing cathode catalyst. The carbon-metal-nitrogen catalyst requires no precious metal such as Pt, and also provides benefits such as controlled deposition of catalytically active nitrogenous compounds that can increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst when compared to gaseous deposition of nitrogen to the surface of the carbon support.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a catalyst layer that has good long-term water resistance and a method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly. The method for manufacturing a catalyst layer includes the processes of: (1) attaching an Si compound comprising Si, —OH bound to the Si or a group that is bound to the Si and becomes —OH upon hydrolysis, and a hydrophobic group to a surface of a catalyst precursor layer comprising at least platinum oxide; (2) attaching a mixture comprising a metal compound having a metal atom and —OH bound to the metal atom or a group that is bound to the metal atom and becomes —OH upon hydrolysis and a proton conductive polymer electrolyte to the surface of the catalyst precursor layer to which the Si compound has been attached; and (3) reducing the catalyst precursor layer to which the mixture has been attached.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane is prepared from a liquid composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of trivalent cerium, tetravalent cerium, bivalent manganese and trivalent manganese; and a polymer with a cation-exchange group. The liquid composition is preferably one containing water, a carbonate of cerium or manganese, and a polymer with a cation-exchange group, and a cast film thereof is used as an electrolyte membrane to prepare a membrane-electrode assembly. The present invention successfully provides a membrane-electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells being capable of generating the electric power in high energy efficiency, having high power generation performance regardless of the dew point of the feed gas, and being capable of stably generating the electric power over a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing a nitrogen-containing porous carbonaceous material with an optional inorganic salt content of up to 50 ppm by weight. The process comprises the following steps: (A) conversion of (a) at least one heterocyclic hydrocarbon with at least two NH2-groups per molecular with (b) at least one aromatic compound with at least two aldehyde groups per molecular, (B) heating in the absence of oxygen to temperature in the range of from 700 to 1200° C.

Abstract: A high surface area support material is formed of an intimate mixture of carbon clusters and titanium oxide clusters. A catalytic metal, such as platinum, is deposited on the support particles and the catalyzed material used as an electrocatalyst in an electrochemical cell such as a PEM fuel cell. The composite material is prepared by thermal decomposition and oxidation of an intimate mixture of a precursor carbon polymer, a titanium alkoxide and a surfactant that serves as a molecular template for the mixed precursors.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor resin composition includes an organic polymer resin; a fluorinated-organic complex of silver ion; a monomer having multifunctional ethylene-unsaturated bonds; a photoinitiator; and an organic solvent. The metallic pattern is formed by forming catalyst pattern on a base using the catalyst precursor resin composition reducing the formed catalyst pattern, and electroless plating the reduced catalyst pattern. In the case of forming metallic pattern using the catalyst precursor resin composition, a compatibility of catalyst is good enough not to make precipitation, chemical resistance and adhesive force of the formed catalyst layer are good, catalyst loss is reduced during wet process such as development or plating process, depositing speed is improved, and thus a metallic pattern having good homogeneous and micro pattern property may be formed after electroless plating.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrode and an electrode coating which are based on a catalyst containing finely divided carbon modifications and noble metal (oxide)s.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a supported catalyst for a fuel cell having a high activity, a method of manufacturing thereof, and a fuel cell including the supported catalyst for a fuel cell. A supported catalyst for a fuel cell of the present invention includes a conductive carrier and catalyst particle supported on the conductive carrier and contains platinum. The ratio of the mass of oxygen to the mass of the catalyst particle measured by using an inert gas fusion-nondispersive infrared absorption method is 4 mass % or less.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and an electrode and a battery which use the carbon catalyst. The carbon catalyst is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance containing a nitrogen atom and metals, and includes iron and/or cobalt, and copper as the metals. Further, the carbon catalyst has a crystallinity of 41.0% or less, which is determined by X-ray diffractometry, a nitrogen atom-to-carbon atom ratio of 0.7 or more, which is determined by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry, and an oxygen reduction-starting potential of 0.774 V (vs. NHE) or more.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrophobic catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to which hydrophobicity is imparted so that the dissipation property of produced water is improved and which simultaneously has an increased effective surface area and an increased utilization ratio of a catalyst, and a method of producing the same. The catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a catalyst obtained by reducing a platinum oxide, a hydrophobic agent, and a proton conductive electrolyte, wherein the hydrophobic agent is mainly composed of alkylsiloxane. An Si compound containing a hydrophobic substituent is brought into contact with a platinum oxide to subject the Si compound to hydrolysis and a polymerization reaction by the catalytic action of the platinum oxide, and then it is reduced, thereby obtaining a hydrophobic catalyst layer carrying an alkylsiloxane polymer.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite electrode having a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/gm for use in an electrochemical capacitor. The method comprises (a) providing exfoliated graphite flakes that are substantially interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite network comprising pores; and (b) incorporating an electrochemically active material into at least a pore of the graphite network to form the composite electrode. The exfoliated graphite flakes are preferably obtained from the intercalation and exfoliation of a laminar graphite material selected from natural graphite, spheroidal graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, meso-carbon micro-bead, carbon/graphite fiber, carbon/graphite whisker, carbon/graphite nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, or a combination thereof. A supercapacitor featuring such a composite electrode exhibits an exceptionally high capacitance value and low equivalent series resistance.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrode and an electrode coating which are based on a catalyst containing finely divided carbon modifications and noble metal (oxide)s.

Abstract: Hollow metal nanoparticles and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. In one embodiment the metal nanoparticles have a continuous and nonporous shell with a hollow core which induces surface smoothening and lattice contraction of the shell. In a particular embodiment, the hollow nanoparticles have an external diameter of less than 20 nm, a wall thickness of between 1 nm and 3 nm or, alternatively, a wall thickness of between 4 and 12 atomic layers. In another embodiment, the hollow nanoparticles are fabricated by a process in which a sacrificial core is coated with an ultrathin shell layer that encapsulates the entire core. Removal of the core produces contraction of the shell about the hollow interior. In a particular embodiment the shell is formed by galvanic displacement of core surface atoms while remaining core removal is accomplished by dissolution in acid solution or in an electrolyte during potential cycling between upper and lower applied potentials.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition is provided. The conductive paste composition includes 20 to 70 weight % of silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 250 nm based on a total weight of the conductive paste composition, and 0.01 to 2 weight % of silver-decorated carbon nanotubes based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.

Abstract: At least one of an aqueous solution A containing lithium, an aqueous solution B containing iron, manganese, cobalt, or nickel, and an aqueous solution C containing a phosphoric acid includes graphene oxide. The aqueous solution A is dripped into the aqueous solution C, so that a mixed solution E including a precipitate D is prepared. The mixed solution E is dripped into the aqueous solution B, so that a mixed solution G including a precipitate F is prepared. The mixed solution G is subjected to heat treatment in a pressurized atmosphere, so that a mixed solution H is prepared, and the mixed solution H is then filtered. Thus, particles of a compound containing lithium and oxygen which have a small size are obtained.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell including porous catalyst particles including a noble metal having oxygen-reduction activity and a carbonaceous support, wherein the porous catalyst particles are disposed on the carbonaceous support, and an electrochemical specific surface area of the porous catalyst particles is about 70 m2/g or more.

Abstract: A method for forming a mixed metal coating on a gas diffusion medium substantially free of ionomeric components which includes the steps of subjecting an electrically conductive web to a first ion beam having an energy not higher than 500 eV, then to a second beam having an energy of at least 500 eV containing the ions of a first metal, and to at least a third beam having an energy of at least 500 eV containing the ions of a noble metal. The invention also relates to gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a membrane, comprising a porous support layer a gas tight electronically and ionically conducting membrane layer and a catalyst layer, characterized in that the electronically and ionically conducting membrane layer is formed from a material having a crystallite structure with a crystal size of about 1 to 100 nm, and a method for producing same.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the catalyst performance of a chelate catalyst comprising a complex of a macrocyclic compound such as a porphyrin derivative is improved. Also, the following method is provided: a method for preparing a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprising a nitrogen-containing metal complex in which a metallic element is coordinated with a macrocyclic organic compound, such method comprising the steps of: adding tin oxalate to the nitrogen-containing metal complex; and baking a mixture of the nitrogen-containing metal complex and tin oxalate in an inert gas atmosphere, wherein elution of metal tin is carried out via acid treatment.

Abstract: A method for making a lithium battery cathode composite is provided. First, a plurality of lithium vanadium phosphate particles is provided. A lithium iron phosphate layer is then formed on an outer surface of each of the lithium vanadium phosphate particle by coating a lithium iron phosphate precursor slurry, thereby forming the lithium battery cathode composite.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lithium-ion secondary battery positive electrode comprises a coating material preparing step of preparing a positive electrode active material layer forming coating material by mixing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary, an organic solvent, and water; and an active material layer forming step of forming a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector by using the positive electrode active material layer forming coating material. The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride produced by emulsion polymerization. The positive electrode active material layer forming coating material is prepared in the coating material preparing step such that the amount of water added (% by mass) based on the total amount of the organic solvent and water and the pH of the positive electrode active material satisfy the following expression (1): 48?[the amount of water added+(4.25×the pH of the positive electrode active material)]?52??(1).

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell which including alloy particles including a Group 8 metal and a Group 9 metal.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode is provided. The method includes providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon; providing a transfer substrate with an adjacent adhesive layer; adhering the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adjacent to the adhesive layer to form a composite structure; removing the carrying substrate from the composite structure; and removing the transfer substrate from the composite structure to form the stand-alone nanostructured thin catalytic film comprising the adhesive layer with the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adhered thereto. A stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic film and methods of constructing electrodes with the stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic films are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode that includes an electrically conducting substrate based on a valve metal having a main proportion of titanium, tantalum or niobium, and an electrocatalytically active coating comprising up to 50 mol % of a noble metal oxide or noble metal oxide mixture and at least 50 mol % of titanium oxide. The coating includes a minimum proportion of oxides of anatase structure determined by a ratio of the signal height of the most intensive anatase reflection in an x-ray diffractogram (CuK? radiation) after subtraction of a linear background to the signal height of the most intensive rutile reflection in the same diffractogram, wherein the ratio is at least 0.6.

Abstract: The present invention provides an excellent durable cathode for hydrogen generation, which has a low hydrogen overvoltage and reduced dropping-off of a catalyst layer against the reverse current generated when an electrolyzer is stopped, and a method for producing the same. The present invention provides a cathode for hydrogen generation having a conductive base material and a catalyst layer formed on the conductive base material, wherein the catalyst layer includes crystalline iridium oxide, platinum and iridium-platinum alloy.

Abstract: An electrode collector manufacturing apparatus (50) includes a chamber (51), the inside of which can be reduced in pressure, a substrate retaining mechanism (55) that retains a conductive substrate (12), and a gas introducing mechanism (54) that introduces a fluorine gas and an inert gas into the chamber (51). Inside the chamber (51) are provided an etching portion (52) that etches a surface of the substrate (12), and carbon film forming portions (56a) and (56b) that form a carbon film on the surface of the etched substrate (12). The gas introducing mechanism (54) is structured to create in the chamber a mixed gas atmosphere in which the fluorine and the inert gas are mixed at a predetermined molar ratio.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a catalyst layer and a method of making the same. The catalyst layer can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on buckypaper. The catalyst layer can have 1% or less binder prior to attachment to the membrane electrode assembly. The catalyst layer can include (a) single-wall nanotubes, small diameter multi-wall nanotubes, or both, and (b) large diameter multi-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or both. The ratio of (a) to (b) can range from 1:2 to 1:20. The catalyst layer can produce a surface area utilization efficiency of at least 60% and the platinum utilization efficiency can be 0.50 gPt/kW or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Ni—Al alloy anode for molten carbonate fuel cell made by in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the same comprising steps of preparing a sheet with Ni—Al alloy powders (S1); and installing the sheet in a fuel cell without any heat treatment for sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet and then in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet during a pretreatment process of the cell with the sheet (S2), wherein a reaction activity of the Ni—Al alloy anode can be maintained, the method is simple and economic, and a mass production of the Ni—Al alloy anode and a scale-up in the method are easy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition, a method for fabricating the same and a fuel cell including the same. The catalyst composition provided by the present invention includes: a catalyst carrier; and a metal solid solution, disposed on the surface of the catalyst carrier, in which the metal solid solution includes palladium and a second metal, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, silver and manganese. Accordingly, the catalyst composition provided by the present invention can exhibit excellent catalytic characteristics, and can be applied in a fuel cell to enhance the electrochemical properties and stability of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Metal oxide nanowires and carbon-coated metal nanowires are effective as supports for particles of an expensive catalyst material, such as platinum metal group catalyst. Such supported catalysts are useful when included in an electrode on, for example, a proton exchange membrane in a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell. For example, tin oxide nanowires are formed on carbon fibers of carbon paper and platinum nanoparticles are deposited on the tin oxide nanowires. The nanowires provide good surfaces for effective utilization of the platinum material.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for fuel cell, a method of preparing the electrode catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The electrode catalyst includes a crystalline catalyst particle incorporating a precious metal having oxygen reduction activity and a Group 13 element, where the Group 13 element is present in a unit lattice of the crystalline catalyst particle.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a production process which can produce a fuel cell catalyst having excellent durability and high oxygen reducing activity. The process for producing a fuel cell catalyst including a metal-containing oxycarbonitride of the present invention includes a grinding step for grinding the oxycarbonitride using a ball mill, wherein the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is represented by a specific compositional formula; balls in the ball mill have a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm; the grinding time using the ball mill is 1 to 45 minutes; the rotating centrifugal acceleration in grinding using the ball mill is 2 to 20 G; the grinding using the ball mill is carried out in such a state that the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is mixed with a solvent containing no oxygen atom in the molecule; and when the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, the orbital centrifugal acceleration mill is 5 to 50 G.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of making thereof, comprising from about 1% to about 5% of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer or a hydrocarbon-based ionomer; and from about 95% to about 99% of a solvent, said solvent consisting essentially of a polyol; wherein said composition is substantially free of water and wherein said ionomer is uniformly dispersed in said solvent.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly constructed with an anode and a cathode facing each other, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed therebetween. At least one of the anode and the cathode includes an electrode substrate that includes a carbon fiber based sheet coated with micro-carbons and a catalyst layer disposed on the electrode substrate with the micro-carbons contacting the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell by preparing a positive electrode by applying a positive electrode mixture onto a positive electrode core material, the mixture containing a positive electrode active material mainly made of a lithium nickel composite oxide and a binding agent containing polyvinylidene fluoride; measuring the amount of carbon dioxide gas generated when a layer of the positive electrode mixture is removed out of the positive electrode and the layer is heated to 200° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower in an inactive gas atmosphere; selecting a positive electrode satisfying the following formulas: y<(0.27x?51)/1000000(200?x<400)??formula 1 y<57/1000000(400?x?1500)??formula 2 where x is a heating temperature (° C.) and y is the amount of carbon dioxide gas (mole/g) per 1 g of the lithium nickel composite oxide measured; and preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell by using the positive electrode selected.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode-assembly contains two or more types of solid polymer electrolytes having different acid dissociation constants in an electrode catalyst layer, a solid polymer electrolyte of small acid strength covers the surface of a catalyst, and a solid polymer electrolyte of large acid strength is disposed to the periphery thereof, which makes the resistance to dissolving of the catalyst metal and the ion conductivity in the catalyst electrode layer compatible.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications includes a catalyst support and a noble metal or noble metal-based alloy catalyst supported upon the catalyst support. The catalyst support characteristically includes a Group IV-VI transition metal silicide with or without the mixing of carbon. A fuel cell incorporating the electrocatalyst into the anode and/or cathode is disclosed. Such fuel cell exhibit improved cycling and operating performance.

Abstract: A carried material is carried only on a surface of nano-fibers. It includes a raw material liquid spray step that sprays raw material liquid, which is a raw material of nano-fibers, into a space, a raw material liquid electrically charging step, which applies an electric charge to the raw material liquid and makes the raw material liquid electrically charged, a nano-fiber manufacturing step that manufactures the nano-fibers by having the electrically charged and sprayed raw material liquid explode electrostatically, a carried material electrically charging step that electrically charges a carried material carried on the nano-fibers with a polarity opposite to a polarity of the electrically charged nano-fibers, and a mixing step that mixes the manufactured nano-fibers and the electrically charged carried material in a space.

Abstract: A method for producing an electroconductive polymer electrode that is excellent in electroconductivity and catalyst capability, is easily patterned, is high in use efficiency of a coating solution, and can produce conveniently with good reproducibility and productivity, and a dye-sensitized solar cell with an excellent conversion efficiency obtained by using the same are provided. Specifically, such a method is employed that a solution containing a monomer of an electroconductive polymer, a pyrrolidone compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a polymerization controlling agent and an oxidizing agent is coated on an electrode substrate, and then the monomer is polymerized by oxidation polymerization to form an electroconductive polymer electrode. wherein in the formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: This invention is intended to improve the coverage of a platinum or platinum alloy surface with gold when producing a catalyst comprising carrier particles that support gold-modified platinum or platinum alloys. The invention provides a method for producing a catalyst comprising carrier particles that support gold-modified platinum or platinum alloys comprising a step of gold reduction comprising adding carrier particles that support platinum or platinum alloys, a reducing agent, and a gold precursor to a liquid medium and mixing the same, wherein the reducing agent is added to adjust the ORP value (i.e., an oxidation-reduction potential with reference to the silver-silver chloride electrode) of the liquid medium to ?630 to +230 mV upon completion of addition.

Abstract: Nanoparticles which contain noble metals alone or noble metals in combination with base metals. The nanoparticles are embedded in an aqueous solution of a temporary stabilizer based on a polysaccharide.