Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst solid for olefin polymerization which is obtainable by bringing A) at least one organic transition metal compound, B) at least one organometallic compound, C) at least one organic compound having at least one functional group containing active hydrogen, D) at least one Lewis base and E) at least one support, into contact with one another, wherein the components are combined in any order without any work-up of the mixtures present at intermediate stages being carried out. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the catalyst solid for olefin polymerization, to catalyst solids obtainable by this process, to catalyst systems in which these catalyst solids are present and to a process for the polymerization of olefins in which these catalyst solids are used.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing an heterogeniseded catalyst component comprising the steps of: a) providing a halogenated precursor component of formula (I) —X—[—CH2]—CH3 b) reacting the halogenated precursor with an ionic liquid precursor in a solvent to prepare an ionic liquid; IL+X? c) optionally, reacting the intermediate IL+X? with a salt C+A?, wherein C+ is a cation that can be selected from K+, Na+, NH4+, and A? is an anion that can be selected from PF6?, SbF6?, BF4?, (CF3—SO2)2N?CIO4—, CF3SO3?, NO3— or CF3CO2?.

Abstract: The invention related to a process for the polymerization of at least one aliphatic C2-20 or aromatic C4-20 hydrocarbyl mono- or multiolefin in the presence of a catalyst and an aluminum comprising co-catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a composition of a metal-organic reagent, a spectator ligand and optionally at least one equivalent of a hydrocarbylating agent. The invention further relates to a polymer obtainable by the process of the invention.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for tetramerisation of olefins wherein the product stream of the process contains more than 30% of the tetramer olefin. The process includes the step of contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound and a heteroatomic ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to MgCl2.(EtOH),m(ROH)n(H2O)p adduct in which R is a C1-C15 hydrocarbon group different from ethyl, n and m are indexes, higher than 0, satisfying the equations (n+m)?0.7 and 0.05?n/(n+m)?0.95 and p is a number ranging from 0 to 0.7 with the proviso that when R is methyl and (n+m) is in the range of 0.7 to 1, the value of n/(n+m) ranges from 0.05 to 0.45. The catalyst components obtained from the adducts of the present invention are capable to give catalysts for the polymerization of olefins characterized by enhanced activity with respect to the catalysts prepared from the adducts of the prior art.

Abstract: An isomerization process comprising the step of contacting a slurry or a solution comprising the meso or meso-like form of one or more bridged metallocene compounds of group 4 of the Periodic Table of the Elements having C2 or C2-like symmetry with an isomerization catalyst of formula (I) [R4W]+X? (I) wherein: W is a nitrogen or a phosphorus atom; R, equal to or different from each other, are C1-C40 hydrocarbon radicals and X? is an halide atom.

Abstract: A catalyst component for olefin (co)polymerization, and in particular for the preparation of LLDPE, comprising Mg, Ti, halogen and an electron donor compound (ED) belonging to ethers, esters, amines, ketones, or nitriles, characterized in that the molar ratio Mg/Ti is higher than 5, and the molar ratio ED/Ti is higher than 3.5. The said catalyst components display a homogeneous distribution of the comonomer in and among the copolymer chains.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst for use in oligomerizing an olefin comprising a chromium-containing compound, a pyrrole-containing compound, a metal alkyl, a halide-containing compound, and optionally a solvent, the method comprising contacting a composition comprising the chromium-containing compound and a composition comprising the metal alkyl, wherein the composition comprising the chromium-containing compound is added to the composition comprising the metal alkyl.

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: An organometallic compound obtainable by contacting: a compound having the following formula (I), wherein: Ra is a hydrocarbon radical; Rb, Rc and Rd, are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or hydrocarbon radicals; with a Lewis acid of formula (II) MtR13 (II) wherein Mt is a metal belonging to Group 13 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; R1 are selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, halogenated C6–C20 aryl and halogenated C7–C20 alkylaryl groups

Abstract: Supported stereospecific catalysts and processes for the stereotactic propagation of a polymer chain derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as the polymerization of propylene to produce syndiotactic polypropylene or isotactic polypropylene. The supported catalyst comprises a stereospecific metallocene catalyst component and a co-catalyst component comprising an alkylalumoxane. Both the metallocene catalyst component and the co-catalyst component are supported on a particulate polyamide support comprising spheroidical particles of a polyamide having an average diameter with the range of 5-60 microns, and a porosity permitting distribution of a portion of the co-catalyst within the pore volume of the polyamide particles while retaining a substantial portion on the surface of the particles. The polyamide support is characterized by relatively low surface area, specifically a surface area less than 20 square meters per gram.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a polymeric product by the polymerisation of at least one olefinic compound in the form of an olefin or a compound including an olefinic moiety by contacting the at least one olefinic compound with a polymerisation catalyst. The catalyst comprises the combination of a source of a Group IV to VI transition metal; and a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n. The process is characterised therein that when R1 and R2 are independently a hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group which contains at least one non-polar substituent, the olefinic compound is contacted with the polymerisation catalyst at a reaction temperature from and above 70° C.; and where R1 and R2 are independently a hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group which contains no substituent, the olefinic compound is contacted with the polymerisation catalyst at a reaction temperature from and above 90° C.

Abstract: The invention is polymerizable compositions comprising in one part an organoboron compound capable of forming a free radical generating species and a stabilizing amount of one or more compounds comprising a dihydrocarbyl hydroxyl amine, an alicyclic hydroxyl amine, or a nitrile oxide of a dihydrocarbyl hydroxyl amine or an alicyclic hydroxyl amine, and in the second part one or more compounds capable of free radical polymerization.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a catalyst for polymerizing or copolymerizing an ?-olefin, catalyst constituent thereof, and method of polymerizing ?-olefins with the catalyst, for production of ?-olefin polymers or copolymers with high hydrogen response, high polymarization reaction rate, high stereoregularity and excellent melt fluidity. The invention discloses a catalyst constituent of the catalyst for polymerizing or copolymerizing an ?-olefin, represented by Formula 37 or 38: Si(OR1)3(NR2R3)Formula 37 (where in Formula 37, R1 is a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 is a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms or hydrogen; and R3 is a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms) RNSi(OR1)3Formula 38 (where in Formula 38, R1 is a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and RN is a cyclicl amino group).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new solid catalytic component, which can be used in combination with an aluminum compound as co-catalyst and optionally an external electron donor as additional co-catalyst to form a catalytic system of the Ziegler-Natta-catalyst-type. The solid catalytic system comprises titanium or vanadium compound, a compound of magnesium containing at least one halogen, a particulate porous support, and optionally an internal electron donor.

Abstract: A coating composition is described comprising a multi-stage emulsion polymer that is both radiation curable, removable and includes chemically reactive functional groups in the coating that react with one or more conventional chemical stripping agents, effecting the removal of the coating from a substrate. The UV curable and removable composition is included within one or more layers applied on top of a substrate or on top of a base coat that itself is disposed on top of a substrate.

Abstract: There are provided (1) a process for producing a contact product, which comprises the step of contacting at least a phthalocyanine complex, a porphyrin complex, or their combination with a surfactant; (2) a catalyst component for addition polymerization, which comprises said contact product; (3) a process for producing a catalyst for addition polymerization, which comprises the step of contacting said catalyst component, a compound of a metal atom of Groups 3 to 12 or the lanthanide series, and an optional organoaluminum compound with one another; and (4) a process for producing an addition polymer, which comprises the step of polymerizing an addition polymerizable monomer in the presence of said catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to supported activators comprising the product of the combination of an ion-exchange layered silicate, an organoaluminum compound, and a heterocyclic compound, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. This invention further relates to catalyst systems comprising catalyst compounds and such activators, as well as processes to polymerize unsaturated monomers using the supported activators. For the purposes of this patent specification and the claims thereto, the term “activator” is used interchangeably with the term “co-catalyst”, the term “catalyst” refers to a metal compound that when combined with an activator polymerizes olefins, and the term “catalyst system” refers to the combination of a catalyst and an activator with or without a support. The terms “support” or “carrier”, for purposes of this patent specification, are used interchangeably and are any ion-exchange layered silicates.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions that are highly tolerant of catalyst poisons for use in addition polymerizations comprising a catalytic derivative of a Group 4 metal complex, a cocatalyst, and a Group 13 metal amide compound.

Abstract: An ethylene-based polymer which is an ethylene/C4 to C10 ?-olefin copolymer and satisfies the following requirements [k1] to [k3]: [k1] melt flow rate (MFR) under a loading of 2.16 kg at 190° C. is in the range of 1.0 to 50 g/10 minutes; [k2] LNR defined as a scale of neck-in upon film molding is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4; and [k3] take-up speed at break [DS (m/min)] at 160° C. and melt flow rate (MFR) satisfy the following relationship (Eq-1): 12×MFR0.577?DS?165×MFR0.577 (Eq-1), and a thermoplastic resin composition containing the ethylene-based polymer, provide a molded product, preferably a film, excellent in moldability and mechanical strength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene, which is carried out in the presence of (a) a solid titanium complex catalyst prepared by the steps of (i) preparing a magnesium solution by contacting halogenated magnesium compounds with alcohol, (ii) reacting the magnesium solution with ester compound having at least one hydroxyl group and silicon compound having alkoxy group, (iii) preparing a solid titanium catalyst component by reacting mixture of titanium compound and haloalkane compound; and (iv) producing solid titanium complex catalyst by reacting the solid titanium catalyst component with mixture of aluminum compound and haloalkane compound, or with haloalkane; and (b) organometallic compounds in Group II or III of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A solid, hydrocarbon insoluble catalyst composition comprising: A) a solid, particulated complex comprising moieties of at least magnesium, a Group 4 transition metal, and a halide; B) one or more ?-amino-substituted- or ?-imino-substituted-2-alkylpyridine compounds; C) one or more organoaluminum cocatalyst compounds; D) optionally one or more internal electron donors; and E) optionally one or more selectivity control agents, a method of preparation and a method of use in polymerizing olefins is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an olefin polymerisation catalyst comprising: a) reacting an aluminoxane and a Lewis base in an optionally halogenated hydrocarbon solvent to form a particulate suspension; b) reacting said suspension with a metallocene complex in an optionally halogenated hydrocarbon solvent; and optionally c) isolating the olefin polymerisation catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is based upon the discovery that a catalyst system which is comprised of (a) palladium or a palladium compound and (b) a fluorinated alcohol is effective for polymerizing norbornene-functional monomers into polynorbornene-functional polymers. It has been further discovered that this catalyst system is more effective in polymerizing certain norbornene-functional monomers that are difficult to polymerize, such as norbornene ester monomers, than prior art catalyst systems. The activity of the catalyst systems of this invention can be further improved with respect to polymerizing some monomers by including a Lewis acid and/or a ligand, such as a phosphine or a carbene, in the system. In any case, the catalyst systems of this invention offer the advantage of being soluble in a wide variety of solvents, relatively inexpensive, and capable of polymerizing many norbornene-functional monomers that are difficult to polymerize with conventional catalyst systems.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful for polymerizing olefins is disclosed. The catalyst system comprises a cocatalyst and a supported transition metal prepared from a halogen-containing Group 4–6 transition metal compound and an organoaluminum-siloxane containing mixture. The latter mixture, which is prepared from an organoaluminum compound and an organomagnesium-siloxane reaction product, incorporates a chelating ligand. The invention includes a method for making the catalyst system and a process for polymerizing olefins using the catalyst system. The process is convenient and avoids expensive catalyst components used in known olefin polymerization processes.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidative demercaptanization of hydrocarbon compositions, comprising 0.2–5% of an oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a transition metal of group Ib, an oxide of a transition metal of group Vb, an oxide of a transition metal of group VIb, an oxide of a transition metal of group VIIb, a nickel oxide, a cobalt oxide, and a mixture of at least two of said oxides; 0.5–20% of a transition metal salt; 0.5–20% of a nitrogen-containing organic compound; and an inert component, the rest up to 100%; wherein, the above described catalyst is used for demercaptanization or sweetening of hydrocarbon compositions.

Abstract: A contact product obtained by a process comprising the step of contacting a compound (a) represented by the formula, M1L1r, a compound (b) represented by the formula, R1s-1T1H, a compound (c) represented by the formula, R2t-2T2H2, and a nonionic surfactant (d) having no active hydrogen; a catalyst component for addition polymerization comprising said contact product; a catalyst for addition polymerization obtained by a process comprising the step of contacting said catalyst component with a compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of the Groups 3 to 12 and Lanthanide Series of the Periodic Table, and optionally an organoaluminum compound; and a process for producing an addition polymer comprising the step of polymerizing an addition polymerizable monomer in the presence of said catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the oligomerization of olefins, wherein an olefin is brought into contact with a catalyst system that is obtained from a chromium source, a cycloalkylalkyl-substituted triazacyclohexane, especially a 1,3,5-tris-(cycloalkylalkyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane and an activator such as an alkyl aluminum compound or an alkylalumoxane.

Abstract: A modified Ziegler-Natta catalyst system comprising a titanium or vanadium compound, a magnesium compound, a carbene donor, and an aluminum compound is disclosed. The invention includes a process which comprises polymerizing an alpha-olefin in the presence of the carbene-modified Ziegler-Natta catalyst system. The carbene donor may be used as either an internal or external donor. The use of carbene donors in Ziegler-Natta catalyzed olefin polymerizations should improve catalyst activity and/or stereospecificity.

Abstract: Polymeric supports, which have been treated with a halosulfonic acid, increase the activity of single-site catalysts used with aluminoxane co-catalysts, resulting in improved ethylene polymerization. The present invention seeks to provide polymeric catalyst supports which have been treated with halosulfonic acid for improved activity.

Abstract: A series of soluble ?-diimine late transition metal catalysts has been invented comprising a substituted or unsubstituted catecholate ligand. The catalysts demonstrate high activity and selectivity for linear ?-olefins. As such, these catalysts conveniently oligomerize ethylene. Typical activators as known to those of ordinary skill in the art are used to activate these transition metal catalysts. These catalysts can be used in a supported or unsupported form.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process wherein improved production of catalysts is made possible according to an evolutionary method. The principles of mutation and crossing of catalyst components and determination of performance parameters of the mixed catalysts used here are carried out in 5 to 50 catalyst generations in such way that two mixed catalysts are selected from the same generation in crossing, and at least one selected component is exchanged between the two, and in mutation of a selected mixed catalyst, a selected component from a catalyst mixture is introduced into the catalyst or, if already present in it, it is removed from the catalyst. The selection is made in all cases by using random generators with a uniform distribution. The same procedure is used for the gas flow composition, the temperature and the space velocity as the other performance parameters.

Abstract: Intermediate precursor compositions for use in manufacturing supported reactive catalysts having a controlled coordination structure, and methods for manufacturing such precursor compositions are disclosed. The precursor compositions include a catalyst complex formed from catalyst atoms and a control agent that is applied to a substrate. Reduction of the catalyst complex yields supported reactive catalyst in which a preponderance of the top or outer layer of atoms of the catalyst particles exhibit a controlled coordination number of 2. The supported catalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions, including the preparation of hydrogen peroxide with high selectivity.

Abstract: A process for producing a homogeneous type solid catalyst component or a homogeneous type solid catalyst comprising a step for removing a fine-powdery component and/or a shapeless component utilizing a difference between their sedimentation velocities of the catalyst component or the catalyst in a solvent.

Abstract: A metallocene catalyst may be temporarily and reversibly passivated by contact with an effective amount of a passivating compound selected from the group of oxygen, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A solid catalyst component useful for the (co)-polymerization of olefins is disclosed. The catalyst component is prepared by reacting an activated magnesium halide composite support with a halogenized transition metal compound and a chelating diamide compound in the presence of organo-magnesium as a promoting agent and halogenized silicon or boron compounds as an activator. The catalyst component can be used with an organo-aluminum compound to provide a solid catalyst system that is compatible with slurry and gas phase polymerization processes. Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) produced using the catalyst component of the present invention displays a low molecular weight distribution, improved co-monomer incorporation, low content of the low molecular weight component, and excellent morphological properties such as spherical shape and high bulk density.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing homo- and co-polymers of ethylene, or more particularly a method for producing homo- and co-polymers of ethylene in the presence of (a) a solid titanium catalyst produced by preparing a magnesium solution by contact-reacting a halogenated magnesium compound with an alcohol; reacting thereto an ester compound having at least one hydroxyl group and a silicon compound having at least one alkoxy group; and adding a mixture of a titanium compound and a silicon compound; (b) organometallic compounds of Group II or III of the Periodic Table; and (c) a cyclic nitrogen compound. The catalyst for homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene, produced according to the present invention, exhibits high activity, and the polymers produced by the method of the present invention by using said catalyst have the advantages of exhibiting high bulk densities and narrow molecular weight distributions.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising at least one metallocene, at least one cocatalyst, at least one support material and, if desired, further organometallic compounds is described. The catalyst system can advantageously be used for the polymerization of olefins and displays a high catalyst activity and gives a good polymer morphology without it being necessary to use aluminoxanes such as methylaluminoxane (MAO), which usually has to be used in high excess, as cocatalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in dimerizing, co-dimerizing or oligomerizing olefins results from dissolving a nickel compound, optionally mixed or complexed with a ligand, in a medium resulting from mixing: at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide; at least one aluminum halide; and at least one aluminoxane.

Abstract: A catalyst used for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene is descrobed, which comprises (i) a specific organometallic complex having a neutral multidentate ligand having a tripod structure, (ii) an alkylaluminoxane, and an optional ingredient selected from: (iii) a halogenated inorganic compound, (iv) a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (v) a combination of a halogenated inorganic compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound, (vi) an amine compound and/or an amide compound, and (vii) a combination of an amine compound and/or an amide compound with a specific alkyl group-containing compound.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst is described which includes: (A) a solid catalyst component being prepared by copulverizing a magnesium compound, an aluminum compound, an electron donor and a titanium compound, and (B) an organoaluminum compound. The present invention is also directed to a process for preparing polyolefins using the aforesaid catalyst system to polymerize olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new chiral salen catalysts and methods for the preparation of chiral compounds from racemic epoxides by using new catalyst. More particularly, the present invention is to provide novel chiral salen catalysts and their uses for producing chiral compounds having high optical purity to be used as raw materials for preparing chiral medicines or food additives in a large scale economically, wherein the chirl salen catalyst having a particular molecules structure can be reused continuously without any activating process of used catalysts and cause no or little racemization after the reaction is completed because it maintains its catalytic activity after the reaction process.

Abstract: A catalyst obtained by contacting a specific transition metal compound (A) of Group 7 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, having a pyrazolyl group with an aluminum compound selected from organoaluminums and aluminoxanes and/or a specific boron compound, and a process for producing an addition polymer which comprises polymerizing an addition polymerizable monomer with the catalyst.

Abstract: Supported stereospecific catalysts and processes for the stereotactic propagation of a polymer chain derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as the polymerization of propylene to produce syndiotactic polypropylene or isotactic polypropylene. The supported catalyst comprises a stereospecific metallocene catalyst component and a co-catalyst component comprising an alkylalumoxane. Both the metallocene catalyst component and the co-catalyst component are supported on a particulate polyamide support comprising spheroidical particles of a polyamide having an average diameter with the range of 5-60 microns, and a porosity permitting distribution of a portion of the co-catalyst within the pore volume of the polyamide particles while retaining a substantial portion on the surface of the particles. The polyamide support is characterized by relatively low surface area, specifically a surface area less than 20 square meters per gram.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel chelated catalyst for olefin polymerization and an olefin polymerization method using the chelated catalyst. The catalyst of the invention is a liquid titanium compound chelated with an imidazole ligand. The method for olefin polymerization of the present invention is performed using the liquid titanium compound as a main catalyst component.

Abstract: A process for preparing salt-like compounds of the formula (1), (C6R115)3MR2??(I) where R1 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C1-C20-alkyl, C6-C14-aryl, C1-C10-alkoxy, C2-C10-alkenyl, C7-C20-arylalkyl, C7-C20-alkylaryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C1-C10-haloalkyl, C6-C10-haloaryl, C2-C10-alkynyl or C3-C20-alkylsilyl, M is an element of main group III of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, and the use of such compounds in catalyst systems for preparing polyolefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to vanadium-imido-phosphoraneiminato compounds, to compositions containing vanadium-imido-phosphoraneiminato compounds, which compositions are suitable especially as catalysts for the polymerization of olefins, especially for ethylene/propylene or ethylene/?-olefin copolymerization and the terpolymerization of those monomers with dienes.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst for olefins is obtainable from a) a chromium compound CrX3 and the at least equimolar amount, based on the chromium compound CrX3, of a ligand L or from an existing chromium complex CrX3L, in which the groups X are, independently of one another, abstractable counterions and L is a 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane of the formula I ?where the groups R1 to R9 are, independently of one another: hydrogen or organosilicon or substituted or unsubstituted carboorganic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where two geminal or vicinal radicals R1 to R9 may also be joined to form a five—or six-membered ring, and b) at least one activating additive and also a process for preparing oligomers of olefins using these catalysts, the oligomers thus obtainable, and the oxo alcohols obtainable from these oligomers.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or its metal salt, water and optionally a solvent. The complexing agent can be hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkanolamines, aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations of two or more thereof. The solvent can be water, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1-methyl propylene glycol, pentylene glycol, or combinations of two or more thereof. The titanium compound can be combined with a zirconium compound. Also disclosed is a process for using the composition for producing an ester or a polyester. The process comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the compositions, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations of two or more thereof.