Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that nontitanyl oxalates can enhance the catalytic functionality of titanyl oxalate catalysts. This invention provides a novel catalytic composition containing a titanyl oxalate catalyst and a metallic oxalate catalyst enhancer and optionally containing a metallic cocatalyst such as an antimony based catalyst. A synergistic relationship has been discovered between titanyl oxalate catalyst and the catalyst enhancer. A synergistic relationship has also been discovered between the titanyl oxalate catalyst, catalyst enhancer and a metallic cocatalyst such as antimony oxide or antimony triacetate.

Abstract: A metal (M) alkyl acid phosphate catalyst for the reaction of an epoxy compound with a carboxyl compound to provide a coating formulation that is stable at room temperature; that is humidity resistant, and non-yellowing, wherein the alkyl acid phosphate has the formula: (RO)n—(P═O)—(OH)m and wherein: a. each R is selected from the group consisting of: i) a C1 to C18 alkly, cycloalkyl, or aryl; ii) a linear or branched C6 to C18 alkyl substituted with —(O—CH2—CH2—)o or —(O—CH—CH3—CH2—)p, wherein o or p is from 1 to 20; iii) a &bgr;-hydroxyethyl compound, R′—X—CH2—CH—OH—CH2—, wherein R′ is a C6 to C18 alkyl or cycloalkyl or aryl, X is either —CH2—, —O— or —COO—; b. n+m=3 and n is between 2 to 1; and c. M is Zn or Sn (II) in a mole equivalent of 0.7 to 1.5 moles per mole of alkyl acid phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that nontitanyl oxalates can enhance the catalytic functionality of titanyl oxalate catalysts. This invention provides a novel catalytic composition containing a titanyl oxalate catalyst and a metallic oxalate catalyst enhancer and optionally containing a metallic cocatalyst such as an antimony based catalyst. A synergistic relationship has been discovered between titanyl oxalate catalyst and the catalyst enhancer. A synergistic relationship has also been discovered between the titanyl oxalate catalyst, catalyst enhancer and a metallic cocatalyst such as antimony oxide or antimony triacetate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for preparing gaseous compositions comprising a metal carbonyl, preferably at ppm concentration, are disclosed. The methods comprise placing metal, preferably in the form of filings, of the metal carbonyl to be produced into a first test vessel at a first temperature, and then pressurizing the first test vessel with a gas comprising carbon monoxide from a carbon monoxide source vessel. The contents of the first vessel are then heated to a second temperature and at a rate sufficient to initiate metal carbonyl formation, thereby forming a gas composition comprising a metal carbonyl. The reaction is then quenched by transferring some of the gas composition comprising a metal carbonyl from the first test vessel to a second test vessel which is at a third temperature, the third temperature being lower than the second temperature. Finally, the gas composition is diluted in the second test vessel with an inert gas (preferably argon) from an inert gas source container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerization catalyst comprising (a) a specific transition metal compound, (b) (i) a compound which can form a complex by reaction with the transition metal compound of component (a) or (ii) a specific compound containing oxygen, and optionally, (c) an alkylating agent, and a process for producing polymers in the presence of said polymerization catalyst.By using the polymerization catalyst of the present invention, decrease in the contents of residual metals in obtained polymers, simplification of the process for producing polymers, and reduction of the production cost of polymers can be achieved, and polymers having a high molecular weight can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by direct oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising:iron, administered as an inorganic salt;a carboxylic acid of an aromatic compound containing nitrogen, in particular a pyrazin-2-carboxylic acid or derivative;acidifying agent, especially trifluoracetic acid, and a solvent system comprising an organic phase consisting of a substrate and acetonitrile and an aqueous phase containing the catalyst and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A non-cyclic branched aliphatic hydrocarbon (e.g., isobutane) is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising an imide compound of the following formula (1) (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) or an oxidation catalyst comprising the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound of selected from Group 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8 and 1B elements of the Periodic Table of elements), for the formation of an oxide (e.g., t-butanol, acetone): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic 5- to 12-membered ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode comprising an electrically conductive web provided on at least one side thereof with a coating containing a rhodium--rhodium oxide catalyst on a carbon black support and a method for the preparation of the rhodium--rhodium oxide catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydroformylation process comprising: (1) forming a reaction mixture containing: (a) an olefinic compound, (b) hydrogen, (c) carbon monoxide, (d) a phosphite in which each phosphorus atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms and at least one such oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring that is adjacent to another carbon atom of said ring having a pendant monovalent group having a steric hindrance at least as great as the steric hindrance of the isopropyl group, (e) a catalytic amount of rhodium, and (f) a Group VIII metal (other than a rhodium) in an amount sufficient to reduce the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of the phosphite during the hydroformylation process; and (2) maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions at which the olefinic compound reacts with the hydrogen and carbon monoxide to form an aldehyde.

Abstract: A transition metal salt, preferably ammonium heptamolybdate, is dissolved in water to provide a solution containing the dispersed catalyst precursor. The solution is atomized by passing it through an atomizing nozzle submerged in hot oil. The minute atomized droplets are delivered into the hot oil and the water is flashed to form steam bubbles. The precursor forms catalytic particles distributed in the oil.

Abstract: Catalysts for preparing ethylene by conversion of methane or purified natural gas and preparation thereof, and process for preparation of ethylene by direct conversion of methane or purified natural gas using said catalysts. The catalysts have the formula I as follows:Ma,Pc/S (I)wherein, M is a compound selected from the group consisting of RuCl.sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.3, RuCl.sub.2 (CO).sub.2 (PPh.sub.3).sub.2, Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, RhCl(CO)(PPh.sub.3).sub.2, IrCl(CO)PPh.sub.3).sub.3, Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4, Pt(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 and RuCl.sub.3.xH.sub.2 O, S is an inorganic carrier selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3,Y-zeolite, MgO and TiO.sub.2, and P is a phosphorus compound promoter selected from the group consisting of PPh.sub.3, P(OCH.sub.3).sub.3, P(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3, and P(O)(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3 ; wherein a is the amount of metal in the catalyst, ranging from 0.

Abstract: An iridium-based solution is prepared by contacting components in a liquid phase containing (a) a carbonylated iridium compound, (b) hydriodic acid, a precursor of such an acid, or mixture thereof, and (c) a solvent; under a total pressure of between 1 and 10 bar at a temperature not greater than the boiling temperature of the solvent under conditions in which the components are brought into contact. The iridium-based solution can be used as a catalyst for carrying out carbonylation, hydroformylation or isomerization reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel metal organocomplexes as catalysts for the reaction of compounds with isocyanate and hydroxy functional groups to form urethane and/or polyurethane and the process employing such catalysts. More particularly, the present invention is directed to novel complexes of zirconium or hafnium with diketones or alkylacetoacetoates. These novel catalysts are useful for the production of urethanes and polyurethanes which are important in many industrial applications, such as: coatings, foams, adhesives, sealants, and reaction injection molding (RIM) plastics.

Abstract: The present invention provides new catalyst formats which comprise a supported catalyst tethered to a second and different catalyst by a suitable tethering ligand. A preferred system comprises a heterogeneous supported metal catalyst tethered to a homogeneous catalyst. This combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts has a sufficient lifetime and unusually high catalytic activity in arene hydrogenations, and potentially many other reactions as well, including, but not limited to hydroformylation, hydrosilation, olefin oxidation, isomerization, hydrocyanation, olefin metathesis, olefin polymerization, carbonylation, enantioselective catalysis and photoduplication. These catalysts are easily separated from the products, and can be reused repeatedly, making these systems very economical.

Abstract: A process for making a catalyst product which comprises reacting dialkyltin oxide with an alcohol and the corresponding alkyl carbamate at a temperature in the range between about 160 to 190.degree. C. and at an autogenous pressure, wherein the catalyst product comprises dialkyltin dialkoxide in the range between about 50 to 100 mole % based on the tin species of the catalyst product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydroformylation process comprising: (1) forming a reaction mixture containing: (a) an olefinic compound, (b) hydrogen, (c) carbon monoxide, (d) a phosphite in which each phosphorus atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms and at least one such oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring that is adjacent to another carbon atom of said ring having a pendant monovalent group having a steric hindrance at least as great as the steric hindrance of the isopropyl group, (e) a catalytic amount of rhodium, and (f) a Group VIII metal (other than a rhodium) in an amount sufficient to reduce the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of the phosphite during the hydroformylation process; and (2) maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions at which the olefinic compound reacts with the hydrogen and carbon monoxide to form an aldehyde.

Abstract: A sterilant-disinfectant solution which may be used in the cleaning of metallic objects, particularly medical instruments. Medical instruments, which may include brass, copper, aluminium, stainless steel, carbon steel or plastic parts are sterilized or disinfected in an anti-microbial solution. The solution includes a triazole or other component for inhibiting the corrosion of copper and brass. Phosphates or other buffering agents adjust the solution pH in order to prevent the corrosion of steel. Molybdates or analogous compounds may be used to buffer the pH and have been found to inhibit the corrosion of aluminium by oxidizing agents. A sequestering agent is preferably provided for inhibiting hard water precipitation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new catalyst for converting methane into ethane, preparation thereof, and process for manufacturing ethylene using said catalyst. The conversion reaction catalyst in the present invention is employed in converting directly methane or methane-containing gas in the presence of the above catalyst with the following general formula (1).Ma.Pc.D/S (1)Where,M is a metal cluster or metal complex compound selected from the group of VIII, VII and VI series;S is an inorganic carrier;P is a promoter of phosphorus compound;D is a cobalt compound.And "a" is weight percentage of metal cluster or metal complex compound in catalyst, having a value of 0.01 to 10, "c" is weight percentage of promoter in catalyst, ranging from 1.0 to 35.0.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in a polycondensation reaction for making poly(ethylene terephthalate) from terephthalic acid comprising: (a) an antimony salt catalyst present in a range from about 10 to about 1,000 ppm; (b) a metal salt catalyst of at least one of cobalt, magnesium, zinc, manganese, calcium, and lead, present in a range from about 10 to about 500 ppm; and (c) an alkali metal acetate, present in a range from about 10 to about 500 ppm; all amounts are based on the metallic elements relative to the theoretical yield of the poly(ethylene terephthalate), by weight, to be made from the terephthalic acid. The catalyst composition was found to have increased the reaction rate in the production of poly(ethylene terephthalate), as well as improved the color of the produced product, by reducing the degree of yellowness in the final poly(ethylene terephthalate) product. Attenuation of the yellowish color indicates a reduction in the amount of undesired side reaction product.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in a polycondensation reaction for making poly(ethylene terephthalate) from terephthalic acid comprising: (a) an antimony salt catalyst present in a range from about 10 to about 1,000 ppm; (b) a metal salt catalyst of at least one of cobalt, magnesium, zinc, manganese, calcium, and lead, present in a range from about 10 to about 500 ppm; and (c) a phosphorus salt co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal phosphites, alkali metal hypophosphites and alkali metal polyphosphates, present in a range from about 10 to about 500 ppm; all amounts are based on the metallic or phosphorus element relative to the theoretical yield of the poly(ethylene terephthalate), by weight, to be made from the terephthalic acid.

Abstract: A catalytic mixture of discrete solid materials and a mercaptan oxidation process for using the catalytic mixture have been developed. The catalytic mixture comprises a metal chelate dispersed on a non-basic solid support and a solid base. The process involves contacting a sour middle distillate hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the supported metal chelate and the solid base mixture in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. The process is unique in that both the catalyst and the base are discrete solid materials.

Abstract: Transition metal-containing organosiloxanes of at least three organosiloxane units, comprising at least one transition metal complex, chemically bonded via ligands selected from among amino, phosphino or sulfido groups of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Os or Ir, excluding those organosiloxanes which contain exclusively Pt(O) complexes bonded via amino ligands, are used as homogeneous hydrosilylation catalysts.

Abstract: A process for making a dialkyl carbonate which comprises reacting urea with a first alcohol in a carbamate reactor at a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert said urea to an alkyl carbamate; and reacting the alkyl carbamate with a second alcohol in the presence of a dialkyl isocyanato alkoxy tin catalyst or derivatives in a carbonate reactor at a temperature and pressure sufficient to convert the alkyl carbamate to a dialkyl carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of alkyl carbamate to second alcohol is in the range between about 2:1 to about 10:1 and wherein dialkyl carbonate is present within the carbonate reactor in an amount between about 1 to about 3 weight %, based on total alkyl carbamate and second alcohol content, and wherein the second alcohol is either the same as or different from the first alcohol or a mixture of alcohols.

Abstract: A process for making a catalyst product which comprises reacting dialkyltin oxide with an alcohol and the corresponding dialkyl carbonate at a temperature in the range between about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range between about 75 to 600 psi (0.52 to 4.14 MPa), wherein the catalyst product comprises dialkyltin dialkoxide in the range between about 90 to 100 mole % based on the tin species of the catalyst product. This process also forms effective catalyst product when the methanol is replaced with either a primary or secondary alcohol.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in the preparation of poly(butylene terephthalate) from dimethyl terephthalate, comprising: (a) a titanium compound primary catalyst, from about 0.01 PHR to about 1 PHR; and (b) an alkali metal phosphate or alkali metal phosphite co-catalyst, from about 0.001 PHR to about 1 PHR; wherein PHR represents parts of the primary catalyst or the co-catalyst per one hundred parts, by weight, of dimethyl terephthalate. Preferred titanium compounds include tetrabutyl titanate or tetra(isopropyl) titanate; the alkali metal phosphate can be a phosphate salt containing one, two, or three metal groups; and the alkali metal phosphite can be a phosphite salt containing one or two metal groups. With this catalyst composition, the transesterification rate was increased by 10 percent or more. Furthermore, the reaction product poly(butylene terephthalate) shows an increased intrinsic viscosity over those without the co-catalyst, indicating a greater degree of polymerization.

Abstract: A catalyst and method for the co-and terpolymerization of monomers of ethylene, other olefins, and alkynes with carbon monoxide is provided. Such a catalyst a method can be used for form living polymers. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an active cationic portion of the formula ##STR1## wherein M is a Group VIII metal, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are two electron donor ligands or are joined to form a bidentate four electron donor ligand, R is alkyl, aryl or acyl, and L.sup.3 is CO or a ligand capable of being displaced by CO; and a non-coordinating anionic portion, soluble in inert solvents of the formulaX.sub.n G.sup.-wherein G is B, CH, N, SO.sub.3, SO.sub.3 CH, R.sub.f SO.sub.2 CH, or NSO.sub.2 R.sub.f wherein R.sub.f is C.sub.n F.sub.2+1 where n is 1 to 10 and X is F,R.sub.f SO.sub.2, FSO.sub.2 or C.sub.6 H.sub.(5-m) Z.sub.m wherein Z is F, C1, a hydrocarbyl radical, substituted hydrocarbyl radical or combinations thereof, and m is from 1 to 5, and n of X.sub.n is from 1 to 4.

Abstract: This invention relates to asymmetric syntheses in which a prochiral or chiral compound is contacted in the presence of an optically active metal-ligand complex catalyst to produce an optically active product.

Abstract: A process for producing a 1,3-diol, e.g., 1,3-propanediol, and/or a 3-hydroxyaldehyde, e.g., 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, is disclosed which comprises contacting a combination of an epoxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium-containing.catalyst composition effective to promote the hydroformylation of the epoxide at conditions effective to form at least one of a 1,3-diol and a 3-hydroxyaldehyde. The rhodium-containing catalyst composition comprises an anionic rhodium-containing complex. A promoter component is preferably provided to enhance at least one of the rate and selectivity of the epoxide hydroformylation reaction. Rhodium-containing compositions and a processes for producing rhodium-containing compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to asymmetric syntheses in which a prochiral or chiral compound is contacted in the presence of an optically active metal-ligand complex catalyst to produce an optically active product.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst have been developed. The catalyst is a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is a combination of a solid base and a secondary component. The solid base can be a solid solution of metal oxides and/or a layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the secondary component can be calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The process involves contacting a sour hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: A composition and a process for catalyzing ethylene oligomerization employing the composition as catalyst are disclosed. The composition comprises a nickel compound, a phosphine compound, and a phosphated alumina where the phosphated alumina is both a component of and a support for the composition. The ethylene oligomerization process comprises (1) combining a nickel compound and a phosphine compound in a solvent to form a mixture; (2) combining the mixture with a phosphated alumina under ethylene pressure to form a catalyst system; (3) contacting ethylene with the catalyst system under oligomerization conditions to produce higher olefins having more than 2 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans has been developed. The process uses a novel catalyst which is composed of a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is either a solid solution of metal oxides or a layered double hydroxide (LDH). In the process the hydrocarbon fraction is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: Olefins are polymerized with a catalyst system composition comprising a nickel compound and an aromatic carboxylic acid wherein there is an atom linkage between the aromatic moiety and the carboxylic acid functional group. The novel catalyst system composition can be heterogeneous or homogeneous. This composition allows the production of one or more olefin polymers which have a very high molecular weight.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization catalyst system is provided that is produced by the process consisting essentially of: contacting an organonickel compound, an aromatic acid compound, and a phosphine compound. Additionally, an ethylene oligomerization process is provided that consists essentially of oligomerizing ethylene with the above-mentioned oligomerization catalyst system.

Abstract: A catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is either a solid solution of metal oxides or a layered double hydroxide (LDH). The process involves contacting a sour hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: A process for producing a 1,3-diol, e.g., 1,3-propanediol, or a 3-hydroxyaldehyde is disclosed which comprises contacting a combination of an epoxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the present of a rhodium-containing catalyst effective to promote the hydroformylation of the epoxide at conditions effective to form at least one of a 1,3-diol and a 3-hydroxyaldehyde, the contacting occurring in the substantial absence of a promoting amount of alkali metal ions, and at least a portion of the rhodium-containing catalyst being formed substantially without incorporation of the epoxide. A process for producing such rhodium-containing compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a 1,3-diol, e.g., 1,3-propanediol, and/or a 3-hydroxyaldehyde, e.g., 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, is disclosed which comprises contacting a combination of an epoxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium-containing catalyst composition effective to promote the hydroformylation of the epoxide at conditions effective to form at least one of a 1,3-diol and a 3-hydroxyaldehyde. The rhodium-containing catalyst composition comprises an anionic rhodium-containing complex. A promoter component is preferably provided to enhance at least one of the rate and selectivity of the epoxide hydroformylation reaction Rhodium-containing compositions and a processes for producing rhodium-containing compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Rhodium hydroformylation catalysts containing bisphosphite ligands of the formula I ##STR1## where --X-- is a divalent bisarylene radical or R.sup.1,W is a divalent arylene, bisarylene or alkylene radical, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or ortho-arylene.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrogenation, dehydrosilylation of ketones, or hydrosililation of dienes or acetylenes, comprising a complex represented the the formula:A.sup.+ [M.sub.2 H(C)).sub.10 ].sup.-wherein A.sup.+ represents an alkali metal cation, an ammonium cation, an iminium cation, or a phosphonium cation; and M represents a chromium atom, a molybdenum atom, or a tungsten atom; anda process for producing dehydrosilylation products of ketones or hydrosilylation products of dienes or acetylenes, which is characterized by using the complex as a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for controlling the degree of dispersion of a catalyst active component in the preparation of a metal/carrier solid catalyst, which comprises dry-blending an ultra-fine single crystal carrier material and an active component metal material, molding the blend, heating and maintaining the molded body in an inert gas at a temperature higher than and close to the melting point of the active component metal material, and heat-treating the molded body in the same atmosphere gas at a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the active component metal material.

Abstract: A catalyst used in a process for producing a .beta.-hydroxyester product or a .beta.-hydroxyaldehyde product from ethylene oxide, carbon monoxide, and, optionally, hydrogen, is disclosed. This process uses, as a catalyst, a catalyst comprising rhodium, ruthenium, and a Group Va promoter.

Abstract: Cyclic polyenes are selectively hydrogenated to cyclic monoenes under suitable hydrogenation conditions in the presence of an activated ruthenium catalyst complexes. The ruthenium catalyst complex is activated by hydrogenating a minimal amount of cyclic polyene under suitable hydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a catalyst for water gas and hydroformylation reactions, which catalyst includes as active components a ruthenic carbonyl and a heterocyclic base on a solid carrier. The catalyst is formed by one or more successive reactions in which the ruthenic carbonyl is fixed from a gas phase onto the carrier and the heterocyclic base is fixed onto the carrier either from a gas phase in the same was as in the case of the ruthenic carbonyl, or from a solution or melt of the heterocyclic base.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a catalyst system and a process for selectively producing alcohols from olefines and synthesis gas. The catalyst system comprises one or several metal cluster compounds belonging to the cobalt group on an inorganic carrier and an amine of the form NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3, where R.sub.1,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are either hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Iron nitrosyl carbonyl is prepared by electrochemically reducing either an iron nitrosyl halide or a mixture of iron chloride and a source of NO in the presence of CO. Constant current or constant potential is used to effect the reduction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalysts suitable for the dimerization of a diolefin, e.g. butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene, are prepared by reacting (1) iron chloride and sodium nitrite or alternatively (2) iron nitrosyl chloride with (3) carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of iron. The catalyst solution is preferably filtered prior to use. While the reaction employing iron chloride and sodium nitrile is preferred, the catalyst produced by either method contains a minimum of reducing agent and by-products. It can be isolated and stored in the absence of diolefin monomer and carbon monoxide while retaining its stability and activity.

Abstract: Olefins are hydroformylated to aldehyde in the presence of polymer immobilized rhodium catalysts. These catalysts are suit for the hydroformylation of olefins in the organic solvent or in the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Iron nitrosyl carbonyl catalyst is prepared by dissolving impure iron nitrosyl carbonyl in a solvent solution, then adding sufficient miscible non-solvent to the solution to result in separation of the mixture into an upper layer and a lower layer containing iron nitrosyl carbonyl. Preferably, the solvent is used in preparation of the iron nitrosyl carbonyl, and the solution is, therefore, the product of the preparation. The miscible non-solvent is added to the product solution to effect separation of layers for isolation of purified iron nitrosyl carbonyl product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst comprising a solid surface having immobilized thereon an aqueous solution of one or more organic complexes of rhodium. The catalyst is useful for promoting hydroformylation, hydrogenation and other chemical reactions in essentially water-immiscible organic liquid reactant phases.