Abstract: An immobilized metal complex is disclosed, which is immobilized on an inorganic carrier to which a long molecular chain compound capable of surrounding the metal complex is bound in an amount of at least 1.5 mols per mol of the metal complex. This novel immobilized metal complex has an excellent stability and can be used as a metal complex catalyst providing excellent reactivity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalyst for the liquid phase oxidation of functional groups comprising metalloporphyrins carrying anionic groups as substituents in which the metalloporphyrins are immobilized on a support which is made of a polymer containing nitrogenous groups used as a Lewis base and to a process of making the same.

Abstract: The in situ formation of a supported active metal phthalocyanine catalyst is disclosed. The supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst is useful in sweetening sour petroleum distillates containing mercaptans.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid-liquid process for treating a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of an oxidizing agent with an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, a metal chelate and an onium compound selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds. A preferred onium compound is a quaternary ammonium compound with an especially preferred compound being a quaternary ammonium halide. This invention also relates to a catalyst comprising an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, a metal chelate and an onium compound, for oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The aqueous solution which is the catalyst can also be used to improve the activity of a fixed bed mercaptan oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a petroleum fraction by catalytic oxidation of mercaptans contained therein in a fixed bed of the supported catalyst, with the oxidation reaction being carried out in the absence of an aqueous phase and in the presence of an oxidizing agent, and the water molecules formed during the oxidation reaction being removed from the catalyst support by washing the latter periodically with a substantial quantity of a polar solvent that is miscible with water.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and residual hydrocarbons from exhaust gases is made with the use of technical metal phthalocyanines and a carrier onto or into which the metal phthalocyanines are applied, whereupon the system composed of the carrier and metal phthalocyanines is treated, at temperatures above 120.degree. C., with nitrogen oxides and/or mixtures of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide and/or with oxygen and/or mixtures of oxygen and carbon monoxide or with nitrating or oxidizing solutions. Instead of activating by nitrating or oxidizing gases or solutions, the activation also may be effected by intimate mixing of metal oxide and metal phthalocyanine on and in a carrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst for treating a sour hydrocarbon stream. The improvement comprises the use of a dipolar compound which has a positively charged atom and an electronegative group in the same structure. A particularly preferred dipolar compound is ephedrine. The dipolar compounds may be used in conjunction with a metal chelate and a basic solution either in a liquid-liquid process or a fixed bed process with substantially increased performance for oxidizing mercaptans which are found in the sour hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to impregnating a support material with a metal phthalocyanine oxidation catalyst dissolved in monoethanol amine. More specifically, the invention is directed to the method of impregnating a catalyst support such as carbon particles with an aqueous solution of monoethanol amine wherein the monoethanol amine solvent is present in an amount from about 0.25% to about 50% by weight.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine catalyst promoted with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 thiol and a free radical inhibitor, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine, dodecane thiol and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene).

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a borate-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst such as a Group IB, VIIB or VIIIB metal phthalocyanine and a Group IA, IIA or IIB metal borate, for example, chloroferric phthalocyanine and lithium borate, barium borate, zinc borate or sodium metaborate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptans. The process involves contacting the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of an oxidizing agent with a catalytic composite, ammonium hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. There is a synergistic effect between the ammonium hydroxide and the quaternary ammonium hydroxide. Use of ammonium hydroxide instead of an alkaline hydroxide allows the waste stream to be re-used in other parts of the refinery, and allows for easier disposal of the waste stream.

Abstract: In order to prepare a feedstock, isobutane is reacted with oxygen in an oxidation zone to provide an oxidation product comprising a solution of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in unreacted isobutane. A catalyst may be present to catalyze the reaction of the oxygen with the isobutane if desired.The feedstock is charged to a catalytic decomposition zone wherein the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is decomposed in the presence of an imidazole-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst to provide a decomposition reaction product characterized by a compartively high conversion rate and a compartively high selectively of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a base-promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine and a base having a pH greater than about 7.5 when 0.10 mole is dissolved in one liter of water, such as sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, lithium carbonate, etc.).

Abstract: Tertiary butyl alcohol is prepared by the catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, preferably in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of a metal phthalocyanine catalyst promoted with a rhenium compound, such as a phthalocyanine of a metal of Group IB, Group VIIB or Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table (e.g., chloroferric phthalocyanine and rhenium heptoxide-p-dioxane or oxotrichloro-bis-(triphenylphosphine) rhenium V).

Abstract: The present invention deals with a process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptans. The process involves contacting the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of an oxidizing agent with a catalytic composite, ammonium hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium salt other than hydroxide. The instant process does not use any strong base nor any alkali hydroxides to sweeten the sour hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: A catalyst composition useful in the catalytic oxidation of mercaptans is disclosed. The composition is a stable aqueous slurry or suspension of a first component which is predominantly a metal phthalocyanine disulfonate compound, and a second component which is predominantly a tetrasulfonated metal phthalocyanine compound.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a substituted cyclic carboxylic acid from a corresponding substituted cyclic hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon is oxidized in oxygen or air in a liquid phase in an organic solvent under alkaline conditions, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of metal tetraphenylporphins, metal acetylacetonates, metal phthalocyanines and mixtures thereof. The oxidation is capable of proceeding generally at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: A composite photocatalyst for refractory waste treatment comprising particles of a wide band gap semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide, the particles being coated with a polymer film capable of absorbing a refractory waste substrate to be treated and comprising a pyridine-containing polymer and a divalent metal porphyrin or phthalocyanine-based dye. The dye is molecularly dispersed throughout the film and chemically bonded to the pyridine-containing polymer. Upon mixing of the photocatalyst with the refractory waste substrate and irradiation with light having a wavelength of about 300 to about 400 nm, the photocalyst of the invention generates in the polymer film thereof reactive species which are sufficiently oxidizing to degrade the refractory waste substrate absorbed in the polymer film.

Abstract: A method for supporting metalloporphyrins on polybenzimidazole articles is disclosed herein. Microporous polybenzimidazole articles are treated with a strong base to produce an anionized polybenzimidazole article. A metalloporphyrin salt is dissolved in a solvent and is mixed with the anionized polybenzimidazole article to produce a microporous polybenzimidazole metalloporphyrin complex. This compound can be used in the selective oxidation of alkanes, olefins and aromatic compounds and is quite useful in the separation of oxygen from a gas stream. An alternative method of forming this complex by mixing directly the polybenzimidazole particulate with a weak metalloporphyrin salt without the use of a strong base results in lower percentages of substitution then does the principal method.

Abstract: Composite catalytic products composed of a metal chelate based catalyst on a solid adsorbent support for use in fixed-bed processes for sweetening mercaptans contained in petroleum fractions are disclosed. The composites contain from 0.05 to 5 weight percent of a metal chelate, from 5 to 15 weight percent of pyrolyzed carbon and from 60 to 90 weight percent of a mineral matrix. The support material is obtained by pyrolysis of wash concentrates of raw wools.

Abstract: Polypropylene oxide having unsaturated end groups is prepared by polymerizing alkylene oxide in the presence of a complex catalyst prepared by reacting an organoaluminum compound with a porphyrin compound and an active hydrogen-containing compound and converting at least one hydroxyl end groups into an unsaturated end group(s), the prepared polymer having a narrow distribution of molecular weight.

Abstract: An improved method of treating streams having mercaptan or mercaptan-based compounds therein particularly adapted for the processes of sweetening sour hydrocarbons and regenerating spent caustic solutions is described. The invention comprises contacting a first stream having the mercaptan or mercaptan-based compounds therein with a second stream in the presence of effective amounts of a nitrogen-based promoter to promote the extraction and/or the catalytic oxidation of the mercaptan compounds therein. The invention herein disclosed and described is applicable in a wide variety of apparatus and processes adapted for sweetening and regeneration operations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for catalyzing the reactionsQZ+H.sub.2 X.fwdarw.QZX (1) psandQZX.fwdarw.QZ+H.sub.2 X (2)wherein Q=C or N;Z=O or S;X=O, S, NH or NR;R=C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl which may be linear, branched or cyclized,which comprises:contacting at least one polydentate nitrogen-containing chelating agent complexed with a metal atom with the reactants of one of said reactions, wherein said contacting takes place in the presence of a means for oxidizing when reaction (1) is catalyzed and in the presence of a means for reducing when reaction (2) is catalyzed.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed for oxidizing mercaptans to disulfides, or inorganic sulfides to elemental sulfur. The catalytic agent is a compound consisting of a metal atom bonded to a chelate such as phthalocyanine, and also to axial ligands. The compound preferably is composited on an inert granular solid support. The catalyst is an improvement over existing catalysts in that its use does not require basic agents such as caustic.

Abstract: The invention is primarily a metallized chloroplast composition for use in a photosynthetic reaction. A catalytic metal is precipitated on a chloroplast membrane at the location where a catalyzed reduction reaction occurs. This metallized chloroplast is stabilized by depositing it on a support medium such as fiber so that it can be easily handled. A possible application of this invention is the splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen that can be used as a renewable energy source.

Abstract: Silica gel is treated with a reactive phthalocyanine compound to form the blue silica gel, which has a phthalocyanine skeleton linked through an organic group. Typically, a phthalocyanine reactive dye is used for the reaction with silica gel at its hydroxyl or other reactive site. The blue silica gel easily adsorbs and desorbs the polycyclic organic substances in a solution. The blue silica gel can be used for the separation or removal of the mutagenic substances from the environment, foodstuffs, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for the isomerization reaction from quadricyclanes to norbornadienes in a conversion system from light energy to heat energy which comprises cyclopropenylidene palladium complex represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl or cyano group and X represents a halogen atom, and further relates to a fixed catalyst for the isomerization reaction from quadricyclanes to norbornadienes in a conversion system from light energy to heat energy which is obtained by adsorption-fixing a porphyrin Co(II) complex represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group and R.sub.3 represents a hydroxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, to a modified inorganic carrier in which a polyamine sulfone comprising a recurring unit represented by the formula, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 represents a lower alkyl group and X represents a halogen atom, has been adsorbed on a solid inorganic carrier.

Abstract: A solid phase photosensitizer and method of use for photochemical generation of singlet oxygen. The sensitizer comprises one or more layers of an organic polycrystalline dye solid which absorbs radiant energy to release triplet excitons. Where multiple layers are employed, triplet state energies of the layers decrease toward the outer surface. A sub-monomolecular surface layer of organic molecules has a triplet state energy which is less than that of the adjacent dye-solid layer but greater than that of molecular oxygen. The sub-monomolecular layer thus functions to trap exciton energy at the sensitizer surface for reaction with gaseous molecular ground state oxygen directed thereover.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a solid carrier material having an average particle size of less than about 110 mesh.

Abstract: Novel catalyst for the photochemical conversion and storage of radiant energy through the conversion of strained cyclic non-conjugated carbon containing compounds to their corresponding conjugated forms comprises ionically bonding a transition metal complex having a square planar geometry and multiple sites of coordination with an anion-exchange resin. A method is provided for the preparation of the novel catalyst and comprises forming an acid salt derivative of the transition metal complex and mixing it together with an anion-exchange resin. A process wherein the novel catalyst is added to a strained cyclic non-conjugated carbon containing compound resulting in the release of heat energy through the conversion of the non-conjugated carbon containing compound to its conjugated form. A process and sealed container means wherein the non-conjugated carbon containing compound and the catalyst are in compartments and are separated until heat energy is required.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptan which comprises reacting mercaptans contained in the hydrocarbon fraction with an oxidizing agent by passing the hydrocarbon fraction and the oxidizing agent into contact with a bed of metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a solid carrier material having an average particle size of less than about 110 mesh.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptan which comprises reacting mercaptans contained in the hydrocarbon fraction with an oxidizing agent by passing said hydrocarbon fraction and said oxidizing agent into contact with a heterogeneous admixture of a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a solid desiccant.

Abstract: Benzothiazole-2-sulfenamides are prepared by reacting a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and a primary or secondary amine with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, for example a metal phthalocyanine, in a reaction medium consisting of (i) a mixture of the amine and water in which the amount of water at the outset of the reaction is from 0.2 to 20% by weight of the mixture, or (ii) a mixture as defined in (i) diluted with an inert organic solvent miscible with the mixture, in a proportion of up to two parts by weight of the inert organic solvent per part by weight of the mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts with a vapor phase organophosphorus reagent such as trimethylphosphite in order to improve the para-selective properties of such catalysts for the conversion of aromatic materials. The modified zeolites so treated are those which contain a minor proportion of a difficultly reducible oxide such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and/or phosphorus oxide. Such catalyst compositions can be used in alkylation, transalkylation or disproportionation processes to provide alkylated aromatic product mixtures having exceptionally high concentrations of the para-dialkylbenzene isomer.