Abstract: A process for producing a supported metal catalyst which comprises reducing a metal halide in the liquid phase in the presence of a support material, an organic base and a reducing agent. In accordance with the process, the supported metal catalyst which comprises a metal component supported in the highly dispersed condition and exhibits high activity can be obtained easily.

Abstract: Aqueous storage-stable, non-sedimenting photoinitiator suspensions comprising (a) a mono- or bis-acylphosphine oxide of formula (I), wherein R1 is C1-C20alkyl; C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms; C1-C12alkoxy; phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; or phenyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by C1C20alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy, halogen, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C18alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms, and/or by phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; or R1 is biphenylyl; R2 is an aromatic radical or has one of the meanings give for R1; R3 and R4 are each independently of the other C1-C12alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy or halogen; and R5 is hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy or halogen; (b) a dispersant; and (c) water are suitable especially in the photopolymerisation of aqueous formulations comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing hydrogenation catalyst residue from hydrogenated polymers comprising: (I) treating a polymer cement comprising an unsaturated polymer in an inert water-immiscible liquid with a hydrogen source in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst; (II) contacting the polymer cement of step (I) with one or more aqueous solution(s) of a weak acid having a pKa greater than 1.5 (determined in water at 25° C.); (III) contacting the polymer cement of step (II) with one or more aqueous solution(s) of a weak base having a pKa smaller than 10.5; and (IV) separating the hydrogenated polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and to a process for preparing color-reduced polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing polycarbonate, said method comprising (A) oligomerising in the presence of a catalyst at least one dihydroxyaromatic compound at a temperature in a range between about 220-280° C. and a pressure in a range between 180 mbar and 20 mbar, said catalyst comprising a tetraarylphosphonium compound and optionally a co-catalyst, to provide an oligomeric polycarbonate having a number average molecular weight, Mn, in a range between about 1000 and about 6000 daltons; and (B) in a second step heating the oligomeric polycarbonate formed in step (A) at a temperature range between about 280 and about 310° C. and a pressure in a range between about 15 mbar and about 0.1 mbar, to provide a polycarbonate having a weight average molecular weight, in a range between about 15,000 and about 50,000 daltons, said product polycarbonate comprising less than 1000 parts per million Fries product.

Abstract: A two component catalyst activator comprises: 1) a Lewis acidic organoboron (or an orgonoaluminum) component; and 2) a component defined by the formula AOSO2R wherein A is a pseudo cationic group and R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl. The catalyst activator is used in combination with a transition metal catalyst for the polymerization of olefins. The catalyst activator provides improved catalyst activities. It is especially useful in solution polymerizations because of desirable solubility characteristics in comparison to the borate salts used in prior activators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional reusable catalyst and to a process for the preparation thereof on a single matrix of the support to perform multicomponent reaction in a single pot. The multifunctional catalysts of the invention are useful for the synthesis of chiral vicinal diols by tandem and/or simultaneous reactions involving Heck coupling, N-oxidation and AD reaction of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds both as an native one and immobilized one in the said matrix support. This invention also relates to a process for preparing vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins in presence of cinchona alkaloid compounds employing reusable multifunctional catalysts as heterogeneous catalysts in place of soluble osmium catalysts.

Abstract: Organolead compounds such as tetraethyllead are useful in catalyst compositions for the oxidative carbonylation of hydroxyaromatic compounds to diaryl carbonates. They are employed in combination with a Group 8, 9, or 10 metal such as palladium, or a compound thereof, and a bromide or chloride such as tetraethylammonium bromide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and to a process for preparing color-reduced polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups.

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel compound mixed or complexed with at least one tertiary phosphine or a phosphite carrying a functional group, at least partly dissolved in a non-aqueous medium with an ionic nature resulting from bringing at least one aluminum halide into contact with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, is useful for dimerizing, co-dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins. Functional groups include, but are not limited to, an amine, a cyclic amine, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, an ester, an acid, an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a sulfonium, a sulfonate or a phosphonate group.

Abstract: The ionic liquids according to the invention result from the reaction of a halogenated or oxyhalogenated Lewis acid based on titanium, niobium, tantalum, tin or antimony with an organic salt of formula X+A− in which A− is a halide anion and X+ a quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or ternary sulphonium cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: A catalyst for curing epoxy resins comprises a tetraalkylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate represented by Formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl and may be the same or different, and the halogen ion content in the tetraalkylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate is 20 ppm or less. An epoxy resin powder coating composition containing this catalyst exhibits a prolonged pot life and can be baked at decreased temperatures.

Abstract: This invention provides a latent catalyst having a structure of phosphonium borate consisting of a monovalent cation portion in which four specific groups are bonded to the phosphorus atom and a monovalent anion portion in which four specific groups are bonded to the boron atom, and a latent catalyst having a structure wherein the above phosphonium borate is the recurring unit and at least two of said recurring unit are connected through at least one of the four specific groups bonded to the boron atom. This invention also provides a thermosetting resin composition comprising such a latent catalyst and an epoxy resin molding material comprising such a latent catalyst and further provides a semiconductor device in which a semiconductor is encapsulated with said epoxy resin molding material.

Abstract: A compound useful as a cocatalyst or cocatalyst component, especially for use as an addition polymerization catalyst compound, corresponding to the formula: (A*+a)b(Z*J*j)−cd, wherein: A* is a cation of from 1 to 80, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, said A* having a charge +a, Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid of from 1 to 80, preferably 1 to 60 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality, j is a number from 2 to 12 and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d, and provided further that one or more of A*, Z* or J* comprises a hydroxyl group or a polar group containing quiescent reactive functionali

Abstract: A catalyst composition which includes palladium and zirconium is formed as a suspension which can be coated onto a metal strip. The composition is formed by combining palladium nitrate with a solution of an alkyl ammonium hydroxide, and mixing the combination with a hydrous zirconium oxide, to form the suspension. The alkyl ammonium hydroxide is preferably tetramethylammonium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Nitric acid may be added to the palladium nitrate. The resulting composition shows superior activity and good adhesion to a metal strip. The composition can catalyze a combustion reaction, as well as a steam reforming reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel class of modified ruthenium catalysts useful in the one step synthesis of 1,3-PDO comprising (a) a cobalt component comprising one or more non-ligated cobalt compounds; and (b) a ruthenium component comprising in major part a ruthenium carbonyl compound ligated with a phospholanoalkane ligand, solubilized in an ether solvent, that provides potential improvements in cost and performance in one step hydroformylation/hydrogenation. For example, cobalt-ruthenium-bidentate, bis(phospholano)alkane catalyst precursors in ether solvents provide good yields of 1,3-PDO in a one step synthesis.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of polycarbonate is disclosed. The process entails reacting in the presence of at least one phosphonium salt as catalyst, at least one diphenol, at least one carbonic acid diester, and at least one alkyl group-substituted phenol chain terminator. The chain terminator is introduced in free form or as a transesterifiable compound under the conditions of the synthesis. The polycarbonate thus produced is suitable for preparing a variety of molded articles.

Abstract: A catalyst for curing epoxy resins comprises a tetraalkylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate represented by Formula (1): 1

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel compound mixed or complexed with at least one tertiary phosphine or a phosphite carrying a functional group, at least partly dissolved in a non-aqueous medium with an ionic nature resulting from bringing at least one aluminum halide into contact with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide is useful for dimerizing, co-dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins. Functional group include, but are not limited to, an amine, a cyclic amine, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, an ester, an acid, an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a sulfonium, a sulfonate or a phosphonate group.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the dimerization, the codimerization or the oligomerization of olefins results from the dissolution of at least one nickel complex that contains a heterocyclic carbene in a liquid mixture that comprises at least one ammonium halide or quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide and optionally at least one organometallic aluminum compound. It is used in a process of dimerization, codimerization or oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides an adhesive made from a liquid catalyst cross-linked with an amino resin. The liquid catalyst has improved flexibility and adhesive properties, which are imparted on the adhesive. It is comprised of a cross-linkable polyvinyl acetate, an acid, and an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and tetraalkylammonium hydroxide and/or tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide additive.

Abstract: An ammine solution which can be provided at low production cost, as compared with conventional ones. The ammine solution contains an ammine compound which contains at least one of platinum and palladium, and at least one kind of amine compound. By using the amine compound of which the boiling point is raised, as compared with that of ammonia, due to the substitution of substitution radicals for some of hydrogens in ammonia molecules, the volatilizing speed from the ammine solution can be restrained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and to a process for preparing color-reduced polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a novel heterogeneous osmate catalyst of the general formula (S—NR3)2OsO4.nH2O wherein S is a support, R is an alkyl group, n is the number of water molecules by reacting potassium osmate with supported quaternary ammonium species in an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A composition defined:

Abstract: A process is described for converting synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII element dispersed on a support comprising alumina modified by aqueous impregnation of quaternary ammonium silicate and comprising in the range of about 3% by weight to about 9.5% by weight of silica. Said support can optionally also comprise at least one oxide selected from the group formed by rare earth oxides, alkaline-earth oxides and zirconium oxide.

Abstract: Ionic liquids are immobilised on a functionalised support which carries or contains one component of the ionic liquid, or a precursor to such a component. The ionic liquid may be immobilised via the anion by treating a support with an anion source, e.g., an inorganic halide, before the ionic liquid is applied or formed. Alternatively, the ionic liquid may be immobilised by having the cation covalently bound to the support, e.g., through silyl groups, or incorporated in the support by synthesising the support in the presence of a suitable base.

Abstract: This invention relates to new double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts, a process for the preparation of these DMC catalysts, and to a process for the production of polyether polyols by the polyaddition of alkylene oxides to starter compounds which comprise active hydrogen atoms, wherein the catalyst comprises a) one or more double metal cyanide compounds, b) one or more organic complexing ligands, and c) one or more organic phosphates, organic phosphites, organic phosphonates, organic phosphonites, organic phosphinates or organic phosphinites. The catalysts according to the invention exhibit a considerably increased activity for polyether polyol production.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported metal catalyst which comprises reducing a metal halide in the liquid phase in the presence of a support material, an organic base and a reducing agent. In accordance with the process, the supported metal catalyst which comprises a metal component supported in the highly dispersed condition and exhibits high activity can be obtained easily.

Abstract: An ammine solution which can be provided at low production cost, as compared with conventional ones. The ammine solution contains an ammine compound which contains at least one of platinum and palladium, and at lease one kind of amine compound. By using the amine compound of which the boiling point is raised, as compared with that of ammonia, due to the substitution of substitution radicals for some of hydrogens in ammonia molecules, the volatilizing speed from the ammine solution can be restrained.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions comprising a group 4 metal complex and an activator corresponding to the formula: (A*+a)b(Z*J*j)−cd, wherein: A* is a cation of charge +a, selected from the group consisting of ammonium-, sulfonium-, phosphonium-, oxonium-, carbonium-, silylium-, ferrocenium-, Ag+, and Pb+2; Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites as defined in the claims; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality, j is a number from 2 to 12 and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid catalyst capable of cross-linking amino resins. The liquid catalyst has improved flexibility and adhesive properties. It is comprised of a cross-linkable polyvinyl acetate, an acid, and an ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing lead and a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing titanium. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds such as phenol are carbonylated with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal, preferably palladium; at least one bromide or chloride salt, preferably sodium bromide or a tetraalkylammonium bromide; at least one organic bisphosphine such as 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane or 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; and a compound of a metal other than a Group VIII metal having an atomic number of at least 44, preferably a lead bromophenoxide. There may also be present a polar organic liquid as a cosolvent.

Abstract: A compound useful as a catalyst activator corresponding to the formula: (A*+a)b(Z*J*j)−cd, wherein: A* is a cation of charge +a, Z* is an anion group of from 1 to 50 atoms not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites; J* independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality, j is a number from 2 to 12 and a, b, c, and d are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a×b is equal to c×d.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to a processes and catalysts for the conversion of a feedstock comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a product stream comprising at least one of an ester, acid, acid anhydride and mixtures thereof. This invention also relates in part to processes and catalysts for converting an alcohol, ether and/or ether alcohol feedstock to oxygenated products, e.g., esters, acids, acid anhydrides and mixtures thereof. The processes and catalysts are especially suitable for the production of acetic acid and methyl acetate from a synthesis gas feedstock or from an alcohol, ether or ether alcohol feedstock.

Abstract: Compositions and techniques useful to effectively recycle crosslinked (i.e., vulcanized or cured) fluoroelastomers are disclosed. The invention utilizes an additive system that includes a cure-enhancing additive, a crosslinking agent, and an accelerator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cis-bridged metal complex of the formula (I) where R5 is an electron-withdrawing radical, and catalyst systems based on these complexes for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and olefinically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst system comprising a palladium metal source, a monodentate phosphorus ligand, anionic semilabile ligand, protonic acid, and proton source, and an improved process for the preparation of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters represented as comprising the steps of reacting alkynes in an aprotic organic solvent, in the presence of said novel catalyst system, in carbon monoxide atmosphere in a homogeneous medium, cooling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature, flushing the reaction vessel with inert gas, removing the solvent by conventional methods, separating the catalyst and isolating the &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters by conventional methods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ruthenium-phosphine complex usable as the catalyst giving a high enantiomer excess in an asymmetric reaction and a method for producing the complex. The ruthenium-phosphine complex is represented by formula (1): [{(RuX(L)}2(&mgr;-X)3]−[R22NH2]+  (1) wherein R2 represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or benzyl and L represents a diphosphine ligand represented by formula (2): wherein R1 represents an optionally substituted phenyl group and X represents a halogen atom. The method for preparing a ruthenium-phosphine complex represented by formula (1) is characterized in that a ruthenium complex represented by the formula [RuX(arene)(L)]X and an ammonium salt represented by the formula R22NH.HX are reacted with each other.

Abstract: Ethylene and/or propylene are polymerized to form high molecular weight, linear polymers by contacting ethylene and/or propylene monomer, in the presence of an inert reaction medium, with a catalyst system which consists essentially of (1) an aluminum alkyl component, such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum and diethylaluminum hydride and (2) a Lewis acid or Lewis acid derivative component, such as B (C6F5)3, [(CH3)2N (H) (C6H5)]+[B (C6F5)4]−, [(C2H5)3NH]+[B C6F5)4],−, [C(C6F5)3]+[B(C6F5)4]−, (C2H5)2Al(OCH3), (C2H5)2Al(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide), (C2H5)Al(2,6 -di-t-butylphenoxide)2, (C2H5)2Al(2,6-di-t-butylphonoxide) , 2,6 -di-t-butylphenol·methylaluminoxane or an alkylaluminoxane, and which may be completely free any transition metal component(s).

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a poly(alkylene oxide) by using a polymerization initiator which does not cause any problem on preparing and handling in the preparation of the polyalkylene oxide by polymerizing an alkylene oxide compound and does not require a special treatment before the initiation of the polymerization. That is, it is a process of polymerizing the alkylene oxide compound in the presence of a phosphine oxide compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R is the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and x represents an amount of water molecules contained in terms of a molar ratio and is within a range from 0 to 5.0, or in the presence of said phosphine oxide compound and an active hydrogen compound selected from water or an organic compound having a partial structural formula —OH or —NH—.

Abstract: Phosphonium borate compounds of formula (1) are novel. R1, R2, R3 and R4 each are a monovalent organic group having an aromatic or heterocyclic ring or a monovalent aliphatic group, at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are bonded to phosphorus atom and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are bonded to boron atom are each an organic group derived by releasing a proton from a proton donor selected from among an aromatic carboxylic acid having at least one carboxyl group, an aromatic carboxylic acid having at least one acid anhydride group and at least one carboxyl group, a phenol compound having at least one phenolic hydroxyl group, an aromatic compound having at least one carboxyl group and at least one phenolic hydroxyl group, and an aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least one carboxyl group. The phosphonium borate compounds are useful as a latent curing catalyst for epoxy resin compositions.

Abstract: It has been found possible to separate catalytically-active aminophosphonium catalysts from mixtures composed predominately of aminophosphonium catalyst residue(s) and heavy ends from a halogen exchange reaction conducted in an aprotic solvent/diluent by extracting such mixtures with a neutral or acidic aqueous extraction solvent medium. Various ways of isolating from the halogen exchange reaction product mixture a mixture composed predominately of aminophosphonium catalyst residue(s) and heavy ends are described. Halogen exchange processes in which the catalytically-active aminophosphonium catalysts are separated for reuse are also described. Since aminophosphonium catalysts are expensive, the present process technology fulfills a need which has existed for an effective way of recovering such catalysts in catalytically active form enabling reuse of such materials, especially as halogen exchange catalysts.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing lead and a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing titanium. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and purifying tetrabutyl ammonium phenolate diphenol adduct by reacting an alkali phenolate with tetrabutyl ammonium salts in an aqueous phase and subsequently precipitating the adduct by adding phenol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester polymerization catalyst, comprising a solution containing an aluminum compound and an alkali compound, with water or an organic solvent or a mixture consisting of water and an organic solvent as the medium, a production method thereof, and a polyester production method, in which the product obtained by the esterification reaction or ester interchange reaction between an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or any of its ester forming derivative and a diol is polycondensed, to produce a polyester, comprising the use of said polymerization catalyst containing an aluminum compound.The present invention can provide a polyester excellent in processability and can overcome such problems as spinneret contamination, filtration pressure rise, filament breaking, film breaking and foreign matter production in the production process of products such as fibers, films, resins and bottles.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a support, an anchoring agent such as an isopoly-oxymetal anion or oxometal salt thereof, and a metal complex which is useful in a wide variety on organic reactions, especially the hydrogenation of substituted .alpha.,.beta. unsaturated acids and esters, is provided. Various methods of preparing the supported catalyst of the present invention is also disclosed.